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Xylene

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Xylene

EINECS 215-535-7
CAS No. 1330-20-7 Density 0.865 g/cm3
PSA 0.00000 LogP 2.30340
Solubility water: <0.1 g/L (20 ºC) Melting Point -34 ºC
Formula C8H10 Boiling Point 136-140 ºC
Molecular Weight 106.18 Flash Point 21 ºC
Transport Information UN 1307 Appearance colourless liquid
Safety 25 Risk Codes 10-20/21-36/38
Molecular Structure Molecular Structure of 1330-20-7 (Xylene) Hazard Symbols HarmfulXn,FlammableF
Synonyms

Dimethylbenzene;Xylene mixture (60% m-xylene, 9% o-xylene, 14% p-xylene, 17% ethylbenzene);Xylenes (mixed);Xylol;Benzene,dimethyl-;Eylene;

 

Xylene Consensus Reports

Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory. EPA Genetic Toxicology Program. Community Right-To-Know List.

Xylene Standards and Recommendations

OSHA PEL: TWA 100 ppm; STEL 150 ppm
ACGIH TLV: TWA 100 ppm; STEL 150 ppm; BEI: methyl hippuric acids in urine at end of shift 1.5 g/g creatinine; Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen
DFG MAK: (all isomers) 100 ppm (440 mg/m3); BAT: 150 μg/dL in blood at end of shift
NIOSH REL: (Xylene) TWA 100 ppm; CL 200 ppm/10M
DOT Classification:  3; Label: Flammable Liquid

Xylene Analytical Methods

For occupational chemical analysis use NIOSH: Hydrocarbons, Aromatic, 1501.

Xylene Specification

A xylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of a benzene ring with two methyl substituents. The three isomeric xylenes each have a molecular formula of C8H10, though the more informative semi-structural formula C6H4(CH3)2 is also used commonly. With  the cas number 1330-20-7, it is also called Dimethylbenzene, Methyltoluene, Xylol (mixed isomers). A xylene is any of a group of very similar organic compounds. They are clear liquids with a sweet odor.

Physical properties about xylene are: (1)ACD/LogP: 3.271; (2)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 3.27; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 3.27; (4)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 180.19; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 180.19; (6)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 1433.03; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 1433.03; (8)Index of Refraction: 1.5; (9)Molar Refractivity: 35.903 cm3; (10)Molar Volume: 121.984 cm3; (11)Polarizability: 14.233 10-24cm3; (12)Surface Tension: 28.7910003662109 dyne/cm; (13)Density: 0.87 g/cm3; (14)Flash Point: 25 °C; (15)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 35.66 kJ/mol; (16)Boiling Point: 140.567 °C at 760 mmHg; (17)Vapour Pressure: 7.61299991607666 mmHg at 25°C

Preparation of xylene: Xylenes are produced by dehydrocyclodimerization and by methylating of toluene and benzene. Via the Isomar process, the ratio of isomers can be shifted to favor p-xylene, which is most valued. This conversion is catalyzed by zeolites.

Uses of xylene: Like other solvents, Xylene (CAS NO.1330-20-7) is also used as an inhalant drug for its intoxicating properties. Xylene is often used as a solvent and in the printing, rubber, and leather industries. It is also used as a cleaning agent for steel and for silicon wafers and chips, a thinner for paint, a pesticide , and in paints and varnishes. In animal studies it is often swabbed on the ears of rabbits to facilitate blood flow and collection, although the area must subsequently be cleansed with alcohol to prevent inflammation. In biochemistry, xylene is also used for making slides of specimens hydrophobic in preparation for coverslip mounting.

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)Smilesc1(ccccc1)C.C*;

The toxicity data is as follows:

Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
guinea pig LCLo inhalation 450ppm (450ppm) LIVER: FATTY LIVER DEGERATION

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES
Journal of Industrial Hygiene. Vol. 10, Pg. 261, 1928.
guinea pig LDLo intraperitoneal 2gm/kg (2000mg/kg) LIVER: FATTY LIVER DEGERATION American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. Vol. 35, Pg. 21, 1974.
 
human LDLo oral 50mg/kg (50mg/kg)   Gekkan Yakuji. Pharmaceuticals Monthly. Vol. 22, Pg. 883, 1980.
human TCLo inhalation 200ppm (200ppm) SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: CONJUNCTIVE IRRITATION: EYE

SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER CHANGES: OLFACTION

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES
Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 25, Pg. 282, 1943.
mammal (species unspecified) LC50 inhalation 30gm/m3 (30000mg/m3)   Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 32(10), Pg. 25, 1988.
mammal (species unspecified) LD50 oral 4300mg/kg (4300mg/kg)   Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 32(10), Pg. 25, 1988.
mammal (species unspecified) LDLo intraperitoneal 2gm/kg (2000mg/kg) PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: FLACCID PARALYSIS WITHOUT ANESTHESIA (USUALLY NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKAGE)

BEHAVIORAL: IRRITABILITY

BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
American Journal of Hygiene. Vol. 7, Pg. 276, 1927.
man LCLo inhalation 10000ppm/6H (10000ppm) BLOOD: OTHER CHANGES

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS

BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC
British Medical Journal. Vol. 3, Pg. 442, 1970.
 
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 1548mg/kg (1548mg/kg)   Archiv fuer Gewerbepathologie und Gewerbehygiene. Vol. 18, Pg. 109, 1960.
 
mouse LD50 oral 2119mg/kg (2119mg/kg)   EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 106(Suppl,
rabbit LD50 skin > 1700mg/kg (1700mg/kg)   Raw Material Data Handbook, Vol.1: Organic Solvents, 1974. Vol. 1, Pg. 123, 1974.
rabbit LDLo intravenous 129mg/kg (129mg/kg)   Haematologica. Vol. 58, Pg. 491, 1973.
 
rat LC50 inhalation 5000ppm/4H (5000ppm)   Raw Material Data Handbook, Vol.1: Organic Solvents, 1974. Vol. 1, Pg. 123, 1974.
rat LD50 intraperitoneal 2459mg/kg (2459mg/kg)   Environmental Research. Vol. 40, Pg. 411, 1986.
 
rat LD50 oral 4300mg/kg (4300mg/kg) KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: OTHER CHANGES 

LIVER: OTHER CHANGES
AMA Archives of Industrial Health. Vol. 14, Pg. 387, 1956.
rat LD50 subcutaneous 1700mg/kg (1700mg/kg)   Raw Material Data Handbook, Vol.1: Organic Solvents, 1974. Vol. 1, Pg. 123, 1974.

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