IARC Cancer Review: Group 3 IMEMDT    IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 7 (1987),p. 56.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) ; Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT    IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 16 (1978),p. 63.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) . NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (feed); No Evidence: mouse, rat NCITR*    National Cancer Institute Carcinogenesis Technical Report Series. (Bethesda, MD 20014) No. NCI-CG-TR-180 ,1979. . Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory. EPA Genetic Toxicology Program.

1. Introduction of 4-Nitro-o-phenylenediamine
4-Nitro-o-phenylenediamine is reagent for a-keto acids, it is a red powder. In cosmetics and personal care products, 4-Nitro-o-phenylenediamine is used in the formulation of semi-permanent and permanent hair dyes, colors and tints. The IUPAC Name is 4-nitrobenzene-1,2-diamine.

2. Properties of 4-Nitro-o-phenylenediamine
Index of Refraction: 1.708
Molar Refractivity: 41.27 cm³
Molar Volume: 105.8 cm³
Polarizability: 16.36×10^-24cm³
Surface Tension: 77.9 dyne/cm
Density: 1.446 g/cm³
Flash Point: 208.5 °C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 67.51 kJ/mol 
Melting Point: 199-201 °C(lit.)
Boiling Point: 421.1 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 2.68E-07 mmHg at 25°C 
Water Solubility: 1.2 g/L (20 ºC) 
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong reducing agents, strong oxidizing agents, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides. 
Physical Appearance: Orange-red powder
Product Categories: Anilines, Aromatic Amines and Nitro Compounds

3. Toxicity of 4-Nitro-o-phenylenediamine

1.		mmo-sat 1 µg/plate		ENMUDM    Environmental Mutagenesis. 8 (Suppl 7)(1986),1.
2.		dnr-esc 10 mg/L		CRNGDP    Carcinogenesis. 2 (1981),189.
3.		mmo-asn 200 mg/L		MUREAV    Mutation Research. 97 (1982),293.
4.		orl-rat LD50:681 mg/kg		NCILB*    Progress Report for Contract No. NIH-NCI-E-C-72-3252, Submitted to the National Cancer Institute by Litton Bionetics, Inc. (Bethesda, MD) NIH-NCI-E-C-72-3252 .
5.		orl-mus LD50:681 mg/kg		NCILB*    Progress Report for Contract No. NIH-NCI-E-C-72-3252, Submitted to the National Cancer Institute by Litton Bionetics, Inc. (Bethesda, MD) NIH-NCI-E-C-72-3252 .

4. Safety Information of 4-Nitro-o-phenylenediamine
Moderately toxic by ingestion. An experimental teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. Questionable carcinogen. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NO_x.
Hazard Codes: Xn
Risk Statements: 22-43-68-40-36/37/38-20/21/22 
R22:Harmful if swallowed. 
R43:May cause sensitization by skin contact. 
R68:Possible risk of irreversible effects. 
R40:Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect. R40:Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect. 
R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. 
R20/21/22:Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.
Safety Statements: 36/37-45-36-26-22 
S36/37:Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. 
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) 
S36:Wear suitable protective clothing. 
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. 
S22:Do not breathe dust.
RIDADR: 2811
WGK Germany: 3
RTECS: ST2975000
HazardClass: 6.1
PackingGroup: II
HS Code: 29215119

5. Use of 4-Nitro-o-phenylenediamine
4-Nitro-o-phenylenediamine is used in semi-permanent hair coloring systems that is usually applied in a shampoo base and contain thickeners, alkalizers, and foam stabilizers. It is also used in permanent (oxidative) hair dyeing where color is produced inside the hair fiber. The color that is produced results from careful.