- Chemical modification-mediated optimisation of bronchodilatory activity of mepenzolate, a muscarinic receptor antagonist with anti-inflammatory activity
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The treatment for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) usually involves a combination of anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory drugs. We recently found that mepenzolate bromide (1) and its derivative, 3-(2-hydroxy-2, 2-diphenylacetoxy)-1-(3-phenoxypropyl)-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bromide (5), have both anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory activities. We chemically modified 5 with a view to obtain derivatives with both anti-inflammatory and longer-lasting bronchodilatory activities. Among the synthesized compounds, (R)-(–)-12 ((R)-3-(2-hydroxy-2,2-diphenylacetoxy)-1-(3-phenylpropyl)-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bromide) showed the highest affinity in vitro for the human muscarinic M3 receptor (hM3R). Compared to 1 and 5, (R)-(–)-12 exhibited longer-lasting bronchodilatory activity and equivalent anti-inflammatory effect in mice. The long-term intratracheal administration of (R)-(–)-12 suppressed porcine pancreatic elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema in mice, whereas the same procedure with a long-acting muscarinic antagonist used clinically (tiotropium bromide) did not. These results suggest that (R)-(–)-12 might be therapeutically beneficial for use with COPD patients given the improved effects seen against both inflammatory pulmonary emphysema and airflow limitation in this animal model.
- Yamashita, Yasunobu,Tanaka, Ken-ichiro,Yamakawa,Asano,Kanda, Yuki,Takafuji,Kawahara, Masahiro,Takenaga, Mitsuko,Fukunishi, Yoshifumi,Mizushima
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supporting information
p. 3339 - 3346
(2019/06/18)
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- AMINE COMPOUND AND PHARMACEUTICAL USE THEREOF
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Provided is a novel amine compound represented by the following formula (I) having a superior peripheral blood lymphocyte decreasing action and superior in the immunosuppressive action, rejection suppressive action and the like, which shows decreased side effects of, for example, bradycardia and the like, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, or a hydrate thereof, or a solvate thereof. wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification.
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Page/Page column 116
(2010/04/25)
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- Structure-activity relationships of antitubercular nitroimidazoles. 2. determinants of aerobic activity and quantitative structure-activity relationships
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The (S)-2-nitro-6-substituted 6,7-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazines have been extensively explored for their potential use as new antituberculars based on their excellent bactericidal properties on aerobic whole cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A
- Kim, Pilho,Kang, Sunhee,Boshoff, Helena I.,Jiricek, Jan,Collins, Margaret,Singh, Ramandeep,Manjunatha, Ujjini H.,Niyomrattanakit, Pornwaratt,Zhang, Liang,Goodwin, Michael,Dick, Thomas,Keller, Thomas H.,Dowd, Cynthia S.,Barry III, Clifton E.
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experimental part
p. 1329 - 1344
(2009/12/07)
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- 5,6,7,8-TETRAHYDRO-IMIDAZO[1,5-A]PYRAZINE DERIVATIVES
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The invention relates to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine derivatives of formula (I),wherein X represents CH2 or O; R1 represents a phenyl group, which group is independently mono-, di-, or tri-substituted wherein the substituents are independently selected from the group consisting of (C1-4)alkyl, (C1-4)alkoxy, halogen, cyano, trifluoromethoxy and trifluoromethyl; R2 represents (C1-4)alkyl, (C1-4)alkoxy, (C2-4)alkenyl, halogen, cyano, hydroxymethyl, trifluoromethyl, C(O)NR5R6 or cyclopropyl; R3 represents (C1-4)alkyl, (C1-4)alkoxy-methyl or halogen; R4 represents (C1-4)alkyl; R5 represents hydrogen or (C1-4)alkyl; and R6 represents hydrogen or (C1-4)alkyl. The invention also relates to pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such compounds; and to the use of such compounds as medicaments; especially as orexin receptor antagonists.
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Page/Page column 50
(2008/12/06)
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