100061-59-4

The present invention provides compounds of Formula I′: wherein , W, X, Y, Z, Z1, Z2, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are as defined herein, or a stereoisomer, tautomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug ester or solvate form thereof, wherein all of the variables are as defined herein. These compounds are effective at modulating the STING protein and thus can be used as medicaments for treating or preventing disorders affected by the agonism of STING.

We present a fluorescence activation-coupled protein labeling (FAPL) method, which employs small-molecular probes that exhibit almost no basal fluorescence but acquire strong fluorescence upon covalent binding to tag-proteins. This method enables real-time imaging of protein labeling without any washout process and is uniquely suitable for real-time imaging of protein dynamics on the cell surface. We applied this method to address the spatiotemporal dynamics of the EGF receptor during cell migration.

A range is disclosed of pyrimidine derivatives (I) which can act as inhibitors of cyclin dependent kinases (CDK's) and which thereby can provide useful therapeutic compounds for use in treatment of tumours or other cell proliferation disorders. The compounds of this invention bind to CDK molecules in a manner that appears to differ from that of known CDK inhibitors such as olomoucine and roscovitine. In formula (I), X is O, S or CHRxwhere Rxis H or C1-4alkyl; D is H or NZ1Z2where Z1and Z2are each independently H, C1-4alkyl, C1-4hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted aralkyl; A is selected from H, C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkoxy, hydroxy, CH2(CH2)nOH (n=1-4), and NRa1Ra2where Ra1and Ra2are each independently H or C1-4alkyl; Y is or includes an optionally substituted 4- to 8-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; D′ is H or NZ3Z4where Z3and Z4are each independently H, C1-4alkyl, C1-4hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally-substituted aralkyl; E is selected from NO, NO2, N═N—Ar where Ar is an optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted aralkyl, NRe1Re2or Nre1Nre2Re3(Re1, Re2and Re3each being independently H, C1-4alkyl, C1-4hydroxyalkyl, an optionally substituted aryl or an optionally substituted aralkyl), C(Re)═U (Rebeing hydrogen, C1-4alkyl or substituted alkyl, e.g. hydroxyalkyl, or an unsubstituted or substituted aryl or aralkyl, e.g. benzyl, and U being selected from O, Nre′, NORe′ and N—NRe′Re″ where Re′ and Re″ are each independently H, C1-4alkyl or CONH2), T, CH2T, CHT2and CT3, where T is a halide I, Br, Cl or F.

The synthesis of C-mannosyl-guanosine 23, an advanced intermediate for the preparation of stable analogues of guanofosfocin, is described. This convergent approach features an improved Traube-type synthesis of a 8-substituted guanine, followed by ribosylation. NMR Studies show that the C-mannopyranosyl moiety of 23 adopts a distorted 1C4 conformation while the nucleoside is predominantly syn-oriented.

The cyclin dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor NU6027, 4-cyclohexylmethoxy-5-nitroso-pyrimidine-2,6-diamine (IC(50) vs cdk1/cyclinB1=2.9+/-0.1 microM and IC(50) vs cdk2/cyclinA3=2.2+/-0.6 microM), was used as the basis for the design of a series of 4-alkoxy-2,6-diamino-5-nitrosopyrimidine derivatives. The synthesis and evaluation of 21 compounds as potential inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases 1 and 2 is described and the structure-activity relationships relating to NU6027 have been probed. Simple alkoxy- or cycloalkoxy-groups at the O(4)-position were tolerated, with the 4-(2-methylbutoxy)-derivative (IC(50) vs cdk1/cyclinB1=12+/-2 microM and cdk2/cyclinA3=13+/-4 microM) retaining significant activity. Substitutions at the N(6) position were not tolerated. Replacement of the 5-nitroso substituent with ketone, oxime and semicarbazone groups essentially abolished activity. However, the derivative bearing an isosteric 5-formyl group, 2,6-diamino-4-cyclohexylmethoxy-pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde, showed modest activity (IC(50) vs cdk1/cyclinB1=35+/-3 microM and cdk2/cyclinA3=43+/-3 microM). The X-ray crystal structure of the 5-formyl compound bound to cdk2 has been determined to 2.3A resolution. The intramolecular H-bond deduced from the structure with NU6027 bound to cdk2 is not evident in the structure with the corresponding formyl compound. Thus the parent compound, 4-cyclohexylmethoxy-5-nitrosopyrimidine-2,6-diamine (NU6027), remains the optimal basis for future structure-activity studies for cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in this series.