- Optimization of the ultrasound-assisted synthesis of lutein disuccinate using uniform design
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The ultrasound-assisted synthesis of lutein disuccinate from all-trans lutein (AL) and succinic anhydride (SA) was investigated in this study. Triethylamine was used as the catalyst. Based on the single-factor experiments, a 7-level-3-factor uniform desig
- Li, Da-Jing,Song, Jiang-Feng,Xu, Ai-Qin,Liu, Chun-Quan
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- STRUCTURAL CAROTENOID ANALOGS OR DERIVATIVES FOR THE MODULATION OF SYSTEMIC AND/OR TARGET ORGAN REDOX STATUS
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Methods for the reduction or prevention of oxidative stress in a human subject comprising administering to the human subject an effective amount of a composition comprising xanthophyll carotenoids, or analogs or derivatives of astaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, lycoxanthin, lycophyll, or lycopene are described. Also described are compositions comprising xanthophyll carotenoids, or analogs or derivatives of astaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, lycoxanthin, lycophyll, or lycopene, the compositions being effective for the reduction or prevention of oxidative stress in a human subject, especially cardiac oxidative stress.
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(2010/11/27)
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- WATER-DISPERSIBLE CAROTENOIDS, INCLUDING ANALOGS AND DERIVATIVES
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A chemical composition; comprising one or more carotenoid analogs or derivatives having a structure (I), (II) and (III) where each R3 is independently hydrogen or methyl, and where each R1 and R2 are independently wherein each R5 is independently hydrogen, -OH, or -OR6, wherein at least one R5 group is -OR6; wherein each R6 is independently: alkyl; aryl; -alkyl-N(R7)2; -aryl-N(R7)2; -alkyl-N+ (R7)3; -aryl-N+(R7)3; -alkyl-CO2R7; -aryl-CO2R7; -alkyl-CO2; -aryl-CO2; -CO2R8; -P(O)(OR8)2; -S(O)(OR8)2; an amino acid; a peptide, a carbohydrate; -C(O)- (CH2)0-CO2R9; a nucleoside residue, or a co-antioxidant; wherein R7 is hydrogen, alkyl, or aryl; wherein R8 is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, benzyl or a co-antioxidant; wherein R9 is hydrogen; alkyl; aryl; -P(0)(OR8)2; -S(0)(OR8)2; an amino acid; a peptide, a carbohydrate; a nucleoside, or a co-antioxidant; and wherein n is 1 to 9. The compounds are useful for the inhibition and amelioration of diseases resulting in change and/or loss of vision.
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(2008/06/13)
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- CAROTENOID ANALOGS OR DERIVATIVES FOR THE INHIBITION AND AMELIORATION OF INFLAMMATION
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A method for inhibiting and/or ameliorating the occurrence of diseases in a human subject whereby a subject is administered a carotenoid analog or derivative, either alone or in combination with another carotenoid analog or derivative. In some embodiments, the administration of analogs or derivatives of carotenoids may inhibit and/or ameliorate the occurrence of diseases in subjects. In some embodiments, analogs or derivatives of carotenoids may be water-soluble and/or water dispersible. Maladies that may be treated with analogs or derivatives of carotenoids embodied herein may include diseases that provoke or trigger an inflammatory response. In an embodiment, asthma may be treated with analogs or derivatives of carotenoids embodied herein. In an embodiment, administering analogs or derivatives of carotenoids embodied herein to a subject may control or affect the bioavailability of eicosanoids. In an embodiment, atherosclerosis may be treated with analogs or derivatives of carotenoids embodied herein. In an embodiment, administering the analogs or derivatives of carotenoids embodied herein to a subject may control or affect the bioavailability of 5-LO-catalyzed eicosanoid metabolites. In an embodiment, 5-LO-catalyzed eicosanoid metabolites that may be controlled or affected by administering analogs or derivatives of carotenoids to a subject may include proinflammatory effector molecules (e.g., leukotrienes).
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(2010/02/14)
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- Carotenoid ether analogs or derivatives for controlling C-reactive protein levels
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A method of controlling (e.g., influencing or affecting) C-reactive protein levels in a subject may include administering to the subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable formulation. The pharmaceutically acceptable formulation may include a synthetic analog or derivative of a carotenoid. The subject may be administered a carotenoid analog or derivative, either alone or in combination with another carotenoid analog or derivative, or co-antioxidant formulation. The carotenoid analog may include a conjugated polyene with between 7 to 14 double bonds. The conjugated polyene may include a cyclic ring including at least one substituent. In some embodiments, a cyclic ring of a carotenoid analog or derivative may include at least one j e substituent. The substituent may be coupled to the cyclic ring with an ether functionality.
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- Carotenoid analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of liver disease
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A method of treating liver disease in a subject. The method may include administering to the subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable formulation. The pharmaceutically acceptable formulation may include a synthetic analog or derivative of a carotenoid. The subject may be administered a carotenoid analog or derivative, either alone or in combination with another carotenoid analog or derivative, or co-antioxidant formulation. The carotenoid analog may include a conjugated polyene with between 7 to 14 double bonds. The conjugated polyene may include an acyclic alkene including at least one substituent and/or a cyclic ring including at least one substituent. In some embodiments, a carotenoid analog or derivative may include at least one substituent.
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- Carotenoid analogs or derivatives for controlling C-reactive protein levels
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A method of controlling (e.g., influencing or affecting) C-reactive protein levels in a subject may include administering to the subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable formulation. The pharmaceutically acceptable formulation may include a synthetic analog or derivative of a carotenoid. The subject may be administered a carotenoid analog or derivative, either alone or in combination with another carotenoid analog or derivative, or co-antioxidant formulation. The carotenoid analog may include a conjugated polyene with between 7 to 14 double bonds. The conjugated polyene may include an acyclic alkene including at least one substituent and/or a cyclic ring including at least one substituent. In some embodiments, a carotenoid analog or derivative may include at least one substituent.
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- Pharmaceutical compositions including carotenoid ester analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of disease
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A method for inhibiting and/or ameliorating the occurrence of diseases associated with reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and/or non-radicals in a subject whereby a subject is administered a carotenoid analog or derivative, either alone or in combination with another carotenoid analog or derivative, or co-antioxidant formulation. The analog or derivative is administered such that the subject's risk of experiencing diseases associated with reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and/or non-radicals may be thereby reduced. The analog or analog combination may be administered to a subject for the inhibition and/or amelioration of any disease that involves production of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and/or non-radicals. In some embodiments, the invention may include a pharmaceutical composition including a carotenoid analog or derivative. The carotenoid analog may include a conjugated polyene with between 7 to 14 double bonds. The conjugated polyene may include a cyclic ring including at least one substituent. In some embodiments, a cyclic ring of a carotenoid analog or derivative may include at least one substituent. The substituent may be coupled to the cyclic ring with an ester functionality. In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition may include a biologically inactive carrier. The pharmaceutical composition may be adapted to be administered to a human subject.
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- Carotenoid ether analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of liver disease
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A method of treating liver disease in a subject. The method may include administering to the subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable formulation. The pharmaceutically acceptable formulation may include a synthetic analog or derivative of a carotenoid. The subject may be administered a carotenoid analog or derivative, either alone or in combination with another carotenoid analog or derivative, or co-antioxidant formulation. The carotenoid analog may include a conjugated polyene with between 7 to 14 double bonds. The conjugated polyene may include a cyclic ring including at least one substituent. In some embodiments, a cyclic ring of a carotenoid analog or derivative may include at least one substituent. The substituent may be coupled to the cyclic ring with an ether functionality.
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- Pharmaceutical compositions including carotenoid ether analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of disease
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A method for inhibiting and/or ameliorating the occurrence of diseases associated with reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and/or non-radicals in a subject whereby a subject is administered a carotenoid analog or derivative, either alone or in combination with another carotenoid analog or derivative, or co-antioxidant formulation. The analog or derivative is administered such that the subject's risk of experiencing diseases associated with reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and/or non-radicals may be thereby reduced. The analog or analog combination may be administered to a subject for the inhibition and/or amelioration of any disease that involves production of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and/or non-radicals. In some embodiments, the invention may include a pharmaceutical composition including a carotenoid analog or derivative. The carotenoid analog may include a conjugated polyene with between 7 to 14 double bonds. The conjugated polyene may include a cyclic ring including at least one substituent. In some embodiments, a cyclic ring of a carotenoid analog or derivative may include at least one substituent. The substituent may be coupled to the cyclic ring with an ether functionality. In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition may include a biologically inactive carrier. The pharmaceutical composition may be adapted to be administered to a human subject.
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- Carotenoid analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of disease
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A method for inhibiting and/or ameliorating the occurrence of diseases associated with reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and/or non-radicals in a subject whereby a subject is administered a carotenoid analog or derivative, either alone or in combination with another carotenoid analog or derivative, or co-antioxidant formulation. The analog or derivative is administered such that the subject's risk of experiencing diseases associated with reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and/or non-radicals may be thereby reduced. The analog or analog combination may be administered to a subject for the inhibition and/or amelioration of any disease that involves production of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and/or non-radicals. In some embodiments, the invention may include a chemical compound including an analog or derivative of a carotenoid. The carotenoid analog or derivative may be synthetic. The carotenoid analog may include a conjugated polyene with between 7 to 14 double bonds. The conjugated polyene may include an acyclic alkene including at least one substituent and/or a cyclic ring including at least one substituent. In some embodiments, a carotenoid analog or derivative may include at least one substituent. The substituent may enhance the solubility of the carotenoid analog or derivative such that the carotenoid analog or derivative at least partially dissolves in water.
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- Carotenoid ether analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of disease
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A method for inhibiting and/or ameliorating the occurrence of diseases associated with reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and/or non-radicals in a subject whereby a subject is administered a carotenoid analog or derivative, either alone or in combination with another carotenoid analog or derivative, or co-antioxidant formulation. The analog or derivative is administered such that the subject's risk of experiencing diseases associated with reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and/or non-radicals may be thereby reduced. The analog or analog combination may be administered to a subject for the inhibition and/or amelioration of any disease that involves production of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and/or non-radicals. In some embodiments, the invention may include a chemical compound including an at least partially water soluble carotenoid analog or derivative. The carotenoid analog may include a conjugated polyene with between 7 to 14 double bonds. The conjugated polyene may include a cyclic ring including at least one substituent. In some embodiments, a cyclic ring of a carotenoid analog or derivative may include at least one substituent. The substituent may be coupled to the cyclic ring with an ether functionality.
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- Carotenoid analogs or derivatives for controlling connexin 43 expression
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A method of controlling (e.g., influencing or affecting) connexin 43 expression in a subject may include administering to the subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable formulation. In some embodiments, controlling connexin 43 expression in a subject may effectively treat cardiac arrhythmia and/or cancerous and pre-cancerous cells in a subject. The pharmaceutically acceptable formulation may include a synthetic analog or derivative of a carotenoid. The subject may be administered a carotenoid analog or derivative, either alone or in combination with another carotenoid analog or derivative, or co-antioxidant formulation. The carotenoid analog may include a conjugated polyene with between 7 to 14 double bonds. The conjugated polyene may include an acyclic alkene including at least one substituent and/or a cyclic ring including at least one substituent. In some embodiments, a carotenoid analog or derivative may include at least one substituent.
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- Carotenoid ester analogs or derivatives for controlling connexin 43 expression
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A method of controlling (e.g., influencing or affecting) connexin 43 expression in a subject may include administering to the subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable formulation. In some embodiments, controlling connexin 43 expression in a subject may effectively treat cardiac arrhythmia and/or cancerous and pre-cancerous cells in a subject. The pharmaceutically acceptable formulation may include a synthetic analog or derivative of a carotenoid. The subject may be administered a carotenoid analog or derivative, either alone or in combination with another carotenoid analog or derivative, or co-antioxidant formulation. The carotenoid analog may include a conjugated polyene with between 7 to 14 double bonds. The conjugated polyene may include a cyclic ring including at least one substituent. In some embodiments, a cyclic ring of a carotenoid analog or derivative may include at least one substituent. The substituent may be coupled to the cyclic ring with an ester functionality.
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- Carotenoid ester analogs or derivatives for controlling C-reactive protein levels
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A method of controlling (e.g., influencing or affecting) C-reactive protein levels in a subject may include administering to the subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable formulation. The pharmaceutically acceptable formulation may include a synthetic analog or derivative of a carotenoid. The subject may be administered a carotenoid analog or derivative, either alone or in combination with another carotenoid analog or derivative, or co-antioxidant formulation. The carotenoid analog may include a conjugated polyene with between 7 to 14 double bonds. The conjugated polyene may include a cyclic ring including at least one substituent. In some embodiments, a cyclic ring of a carotenoid analog or derivative may include at least one substituent. The substituent may be coupled to the cyclic ring with an ester functionality.
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- Carotenoid ester analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of liver disease
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A method of treating liver disease in a subject may include administering to the subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable formulation. The pharmaceutically acceptable formulation may include a synthetic analog or derivative of a carotenoid. The subject may be administered a carotenoid analog or derivative, either alone or in combination with another carotenoid analog or derivative, or co-antioxidant formulation. The carotenoid analog may include a conjugated polyene with between 7 to 14 double bonds. The conjugated polyene may include a cyclic ring including at least one substituent. In some embodiments, a cyclic ring of a carotenoid analog or derivative may include at least one substituent. The substituent may be coupled to the cyclic ring with an ester functionality.
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- Carotenoid analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of ischemic reperfusion injury
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A method of treating ischemic reperfusion injury in a subject. The method may include administering to the subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable formulation. The pharmaceutically acceptable formulation may include a synthetic analog or derivative of a carotenoid. The subject may be administered a carotenoid analog or derivative, either alone or in combination with another carotenoid analog or derivative, or co-antioxidant formulation. The carotenoid analog may include a conjugated polyene with between 7 to 14 double bonds. The conjugated polyene may include an acyclic alkene including at least one substituent and/or a cyclic ring including at least one substituent. In some embodiments, a carotenoid analog or derivative may include at least one substituent.
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- Carotenoid ether analogs or derivatives for controlling connexin 43 expression
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A method of controlling (e.g., influencing or affecting) connexin 43 expression in a subject may include administering to the subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable formulation. In some embodiments, controlling connexin 43 expression in a subject may effectively treat cardiac arrhythmia and/or cancerous and pre-cancerous cells in a subject. The pharmaceutically acceptable formulation may include a synthetic analog or derivative of a carotenoid. The subject may be administered a carotenoid analog or derivative, either alone or in combination with another carotenoid analog or derivative, or co-antioxidant formulation. The carotenoid analog may include a conjugated polyene with between 7 to 14 double bonds. The conjugated polyene may include a cyclic ring including at least one substituent. In some embodiments, a cyclic ring of a carotenoid analog or derivative may include at least one substituent. The substituent may be coupled to the cyclic ring with an ether functionality.
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- STRUCTURAL CAROTENOID ANALOGS FOR THE INHIBITION AND AMELIORATION OF DISEASE
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A method for inhibiting and/or ameliorating the occurrence of diseases associated with reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and/or non-radicals in a subject whereby a subject is administered a carotenoid structural analog, either a
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