- An environmentally benign solvent/catalyst-free one-pot synthesis of N-substituted phthalimides via Aza-wittig reaction
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For the first time an environmentally benign solvent/catalyst-free protocol for the synthesis of a variety of N-substituted phthalimides is submitted. It involves a one-pot coupling of nascent phosphazene generated in situ with phthalic anhydride. The protocol is novel in (1) avoiding toxic solvents, (2) no catalyst is employed and (3) no isophthalimide is formed as noted in the prevailing solution phase/catalysed methodology. Iranian Chemical Society 2012.
- Sathishkumar, Murugan,Palanikumar, Kulandaivel,Mariappan, Arumugam,Archana, Sivasubramaniyan,Ponnuswamy, Alagusundaram
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Read Online
- The preparation and in vitro antiproliferative activity of phthalimide based ketones on MDAMB-231 and SKHep-1 human carcinoma cell lines
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The 'one pot' condensation reaction for the synthesis and potent antiproliferative inhibition of α-phthalimide based ketones is reported here. 2-Phthalimide-1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)ethanone (5) showed the best growth inhibition on human MDAMB-231 breast carcin
- Chan, Sau Hing,Lam, Kim Hung,Chui, Chung Hin,Gambari, Roberto,Yuen, Marcus Chun Wah,Wong, Raymond Siu Ming,Cheng, Gregory Yin Ming,Lau, Fung Yi,Au, Yiu Kwok,Cheng, Chor Hing,Lai, Paul Bo Shan,Kan, Chi Wai,Kok, Stanton Hon Lung,Tang, Johnny Cheuk On,Chan, Albert Sun Chi
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Read Online
- Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of functionalized ketones
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(Chemical Equation Presented) A novel catalytic system for asymmetric hydrogenation of functionalized ketones has been developed using a Pd/bisphosphine complex as the catalyst in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. The reaction exhibits high enantioselectivity, and
- Wang, You-Qing,Lu, Sheng-Mei,Zhou, Yong-Gui
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Read Online
- Ru-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of α-phthalimide ketones and 1,3-diaryl diketones using 4,4′-substituted BINAPs
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(Chemical Equation Presented) A family of tunable precatalysts [NH 2Et2][{Ru(4,4′-BINAP)Cl}2(μ-Cl) 3] was synthesized and used for highly enantioselective hydrogenation of phthalimide-protected amino ketones and
- Hu, Aiguo,Lin, Wenbin
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Read Online
- Dual Parasiticidal Activities of Phthalimides: Synthesis and Biological Profile against Trypanosoma cruzi and Plasmodium falciparum
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Chagas disease and malaria are two neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that prevail in tropical and subtropical regions in 149 countries. Chagas is also present in Europe, the US and Australia due to immigration of asymptomatic infected individuals. In the absence of an effective vaccine, the control of both diseases relies on chemotherapy. However, the emergence of parasite drug resistance is rendering currently available drugs obsolete. Hence, it is crucial to develop new molecules. Phthalimides, thiosemicarbazones, and 1,3-thiazoles have been used as scaffolds to obtain antiplasmodial and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents. Herein we present the synthesis of 24 phthalimido-thiosemicarbazones (3 a–x) and 14 phthalimido-thiazoles (4 a–n) and the corresponding biological activity against T. cruzi, Plasmodium falciparum, and cytotoxicity against mammalian cell lines. Some of these compounds showed potent inhibition of T. cruzi at low cytotoxic concentrations in RAW 264.7 cells. The most active compounds, 3 t (IC50=3.60 μM), 3 h (IC50=3.75 μM), and 4 j (IC50=4.48 μM), were more active than the control drug benznidazole (IC50=14.6 μM). Overall, the phthalimido-thiosemicarbazone derivatives were more potent than phthalimido-thiazole derivatives against T. cruzi. Flow cytometry assay data showed that compound 4 j was able to induce necrosis and apoptosis in trypomastigotes. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy showed that T. cruzi trypomastigote cells treated with compounds 3 h, 3 t, and 4 j at IC50 concentrations promoted changes in the shape, flagella, and surface of the parasite body similar to those observed in benznidazole-treated cells. The compounds with the highest antimalarial activity were the phthalimido-thiazoles 4 l (IC50=1.2 μM), 4 m (IC50=1.7 μM), and 4 n (IC50=2.4 μM). Together, these data revealed that phthalimido derivatives possess a dual antiparasitic profile with potential effects against T. cruzi and lead-like characteristics.
- Teixeira de Moraes Gomes, Paulo André,Veríssimo de Oliveira Cardoso, Marcos,dos Santos, Ignes Regina,Amaro de Sousa, Fabiano,da Concei??o, Juliana Maria,Gouveia de Melo Silva, Vanessa,Duarte, Denise,Pereira, Raquel,Oliveira, Rafael,Nogueira, Fátima,Alves, Luiz Carlos,Brayner, Fabio André,da Silva Santos, Aline Caroline,Rêgo Alves Pereira, Valéria,Lima Leite, Ana Cristina
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Read Online
- COMPOUNDS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR TREATING CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH STING ACTIVITY
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This disclosure features chemical entities (e.g., a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and/or hydrate, and/or cocrystal, and/or drug combination of the compound) that inhibit (e.g., antagonize) Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING). Said chemical entities are useful, e.g., for treating a condition, disease or disorder in which increased (e.g., excessive) STING activation (e.g., STING signaling) contributes to the pathology and/or symptoms and/or progression of the condition, disease or disorder (e.g., cancer) in a subject (e.g., a human). This disclosure also features compositions containing the same as well as methods of using and making the same.
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Page/Page column 95; 96
(2020/01/31)
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- COMPOUNDS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR TREATING CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH STING ACTIVITY
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This disclosure features chemical entities (e.g., a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and/or hydrate, and/or cocrystal, and/or drug combination of the compound) that inhibit (e.g., antagonize) Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING). Said chemical entities are useful, e.g., for treating a condition, disease or disorder in which increased (e.g., excessive) STING activation (e.g., STING signaling) contributes to the pathology and/or symptoms and/or progression of the condition, disease or disorder (e.g., cancer) in a subject (e.g., a human). This disclosure also features compositions containing the same as well as methods of using and making the same.
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Page/Page column 172-173
(2020/07/31)
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- MAP4K4 INHIBITORS
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This invention relates to compounds that may be useful as inhibitors of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase Kinase-4 (MAP4K4). The invention also relates to the use of these compounds, for example in a method of treatmentof cardiac conditions.In particular, the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I):
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Paragraph 00303
(2020/07/05)
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- MAP4K4 INHIBITORS
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This invention relates to pyrrolopyrimidine comprising compounds that may be useful as inhibitors of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase Kinase-4 (MAP4K4). The invention also relates to the use of these pyrrolopyrimidine comprising compounds, f
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Paragraph 00222
(2019/05/02)
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- dipyrromethene-type compound, colorant compositions comprising the same, quencher for improving of contrast ratio comprising the same and color filter comprising the same
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The present invention relates to a dipyrromethene-type compound. Specifically, the present invention relates to the dipyrromethene-type compound which is a dipyrromethene metal complex represented by chemical formula 1 or chemical formula 2, and dipyrrome
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Paragraph 0061; 0062
(2017/04/03)
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- DIPYRROMETHENE-BASED METAL COMPLEX COMPOUND, COLORING COMPOSITION INCLUDING THE SAME, AND COLOR FILTER INCLUDING THE COLORING COMPOSITION
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The present invention relates to a dipyrromethene-based metal complex compound, to a coloring composition comprising the dipyrromethene-based metal complex compound, and to a color filter comprising the coloring composition. The dipyrromethene-based metal
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Paragraph 0088; 0089
(2017/06/02)
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- COMPOUND, ORGANIC OPTOELECTRIC DEVICE AND DISPLAY DEVICE
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The present invention relates to a compound represented by chemical formula 1, an organic optoelectronic device comprising the same, and a display device comprising the organic optoelectronic device. In chemical formula 1, the definitions of X^1 to X^6, L
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Paragraph 0113-0115
(2016/11/09)
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- HETEROCYCLE SUBSTITUTED AMINO-PYRIDINE COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
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The present disclosure relates to heterocycle substituted amino-pyridine compounds. The present disclosure also relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds and methods of treating cancer by administering these compounds and pharmaceutical compositions to subjects in need thereof. The present disclosure also relates to the use of such compounds for research or other non-therapeutic purposes.
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Paragraph 0313; 0314
(2016/04/20)
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- Metal-free C-N cross-coupling of electrophilic compounds and N-haloimides
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When DBU is added, the cross-coupling reaction between alkyl halides (halogen = Cl, Br and I) and N-haloimides (halogen = Cl, Br) occurs, resulting in the formation of aminated products. A halogen bond activated nucleophilic substitution mechanism was proposed. The methodology represents an elegant example of applying the halogen bond activation strategy in an organic transformation.
- Zhang, Luyan,Li, Yanru,Jin, Long-Yi,Liang, Fushun
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p. 65600 - 65603
(2015/08/18)
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- COMPOUNDS USEFUL AS MODULATORS OF TRPM8
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The present invention includes compounds useful as modulators of TRPM8, such as compounds of Formulae (Ia), (Ib) and (Ic), and the subgenus and species thereof; personal products containing those compounds; and the use of those compounds and the personal products, particularly the use of increasing or inducing chemesthetic sensations, such as cooling or cold sensations.
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Paragraph 0530
(2016/03/29)
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- COLORED COMPOSITION, COLORED CURED FILM, COLOR FILTER, METHOD FOR PRODUCING COLOR FILTER, LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE, SOLID-STATE IMAGING DEVICE, AND NOVEL DIPYRROMETHENE METAL COMPLEX COMPOUND OR TAUTOMER THEREOF
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A colored composition including a dipyrromethene metal complex compound represented by the following formula (I) or a tautomer thereof:
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Paragraph 0349; 0350
(2014/07/23)
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- Facile methods for the synthesis of 5-aryl and 5-iodo pyrrolo[2,3-d] pyrimidines
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An efficient and environmentally benign one-pot method has been developed for the synthesis of 4-amino-5-arylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines. Phthalimido acetophenones were reacted with cyanoacetamide to give 2-amino-4-phenyl-1H- pyrrole-3-carboxamides, which were further converted to 5-aryl-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d] pyrimidin-4-ones. A novel method is also developed for the synthesis of 4-amino-5-iodopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines.
- Venkata Rao,Raghu Prasad,Raghuram Rao
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p. E380-E383
(2014/11/07)
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- Convergent routes to substituted naphthylamides
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Practical, convergent routes to variously substituted 1- and 2-naphthylamides have been developed. They exploit the ability of xanthates to undergo both intermolecular radical additions to vinyl pivalate and intramolecular radical cyclisations to aromatic
- Tran, Ngoc Diem My,Zard, Samir Z.
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p. 3251 - 3264
(2014/05/06)
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- On the configurational stability of chiral heteroatom-substituted [D 1]Methylpalladium complexes as intermediates of stille and suzuki-miyaura cross-coupling reactions
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Enantiomerically pure (S)-tributylstannyl[D1]methanol and (R)- and (S)-tributylstannyl[D1]methyl benzoates were Stille-coupled with bromobenzene and benzoyl chloride in 1,4-dioxane and toluene using [(Ph 3P)4Pd] or [(Ph3P)2PdCl2] either alone or in combination with CuCN as cocatalyst at temperatures up to 80 °C. The products were found to be enantiomerically pure. (R)- and (S)-N-(tributylstannyl[D1]methyl)phthalimides gave enantiomerically pure products with benzoyl chloride, but with bromobenzene protected phenyl[D1]methylamines gave products of only 52-69 % ee depending on the solvent used. Tributyl(thio[D1]methyl)stannanes could not be Stille-coupled with benzoyl chloride or with bromobenzene. Similarly, dimethyl phenyl[D1]methylboronate underwent a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling with bromobenzene to give phenyl[D1]methylsilane with 99 % ee. All couplings followed a retentive course and, except in one case, the intermediate [XCHDPdLn] complexes were found to be microscopically configurationally stable. Stille coupling of enantiomerically pure tributylstannyl[D1]methanol, its benzoate, and the N-(tributylstannyl[D1]methyl)phthalimide with bromobenzene and benzoyl chloride furnished products containing a chiral XCHD group. Overall net retention of configuration was found in all cases.
- Malova Krizkova, Petra,Hammerschmidt, Friedrich
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supporting information
p. 5143 - 5148
(2013/11/06)
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- Ag-and Au-catalyzed addition of alcohols to ynimides: β-regioselective carbonylation and production of oxazoles
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Metal-catalyzed reactions of ynimides with alcohols to afford β-ketoimides and oxazoles are demonstrated. The triple bond of ynamides is generally activated by mineral acids or metal salts to lead to the regioselective addition of nucleophiles at the α-C-
- Sueda, Takuya,Kawada, Arisa,Urashi, Yumi,Teno, Naoki
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supporting information
p. 1560 - 1563
(2013/06/26)
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- Efficient preparation of biologically important 1,2-amino alcohols
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An efficient three-step methodology developed for the preparation of 1,2-amino alcohols. In the first step a rapid coupling between bromoketones and potassium phthalimide in ionic liquid produced-phthalimido ketones in quantitative yields, which is followed by a facile reduction using NaCNBH 3 in acetic acid to give corresponding phthalimido alcohols and finally effecting hydrazinolysis in water at 60C to yield biologically important 1,2-amino alcohols.
- Gupta, Pankaj,Rouf, Abdul,Shah, Bhahwal A.,Mukherjee, Debaraj,Taneja, Subhash C.
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p. 505 - 519
(2013/01/15)
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- 1-PYRAZOLO[4,3-C]ISOQUINOLINE DERIVATIVES, PREPARATION THEREOF AND THERAPEUTIC USE THEREOF
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The invention relates to a compound of formula (I), where: R1 is a phenyl group optionally substituted by one or more halogen atoms; R2 is: a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom or a cyano group; a —C(═O)Y group where Y is a hydrogen ato
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(2012/05/20)
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- COMPOUND OR ITS TAUTOMER, METAL COMPLEX COMPOUND, COLORED PHOTOSENSITIVE CURING COMPOSITION, COLOR FILTER, AND PRODUCTION
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Provided is a colored photosensitive curing composition useful for color filters in primary colors, including blue, green, and red, having a high molar absorption coefficient and allowing a reduction in film thickness and superior color purity and fastness. A colored photosensitive curing composition, comprising, as its colorant, a dipyrromethene-based metal complex compound obtained from a metal or metal compound and a dipyrromethene-based compound represented by the following Formula (I): wherein in Formula (I), R1 to R6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent group; and R7 represents a hydrogen or halogen atom, or an alkyl, aryl or heterocyclic group.
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(2012/09/25)
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- One-pot cascade leading to direct α-imidation of ketones by a combination of N-bromosuccinimide and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.1]undec-7-ene
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A one-pot cascade transformation of ketones into α-imidoketones has been developed, in which N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) provides both electrophilic bromine and nucleophilic nitrogen sources, and diazabicyclo[5.4.1]undec-7-ene (DBU) functions as a base and a
- Wei, Ying,Lin, Shaoxia,Liang, Fushun
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experimental part
p. 4202 - 4205
(2012/10/08)
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- Identification of benzoylisoquinolines as potential anti-Chagas agents
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A set of three 3-benzoyl substituted isoquinolones was synthesized in good yields and assayed for in vitro trypanocidal activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite that causes Chagas' disease. Depending on the concentration evaluated, a gre
- Byler, Kendall G.,Brito-Arias, Marco,Marquez-Navarro, Adrian,Nogueda-Torres, Benjamin,Torres-Bustillos, Luis G.,Martínez-Mayorga, Karina
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scheme or table
p. 2587 - 2594
(2012/06/18)
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- Design and synthesis of novel 3,4-disubstituted pyrazoles for nanomedicine applications against malignant gliomas
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A series of novel 3,4-disubstituted pyrazoles were synthesized. The cytotoxicity against U87MG glioma cell line have been investigated in vitro and three of these compounds showed promising inhibitory activity on cell growth with an IC50 lower
- Comes Franchini, Mauro,Bonini, Bianca Flavia,Camaggi, Carlo Maurizio,Gentili, Denis,Pession, Annalisa,Rani, Monica,Strocchi, Elena
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scheme or table
p. 2024 - 2033
(2010/06/20)
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- Convenient route to primary (Z)-allyl amines and homologs
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A convenient two-step procedure for the synthesis of primary (Z)-allyl amines, (Z)-homoallyl amines [(Z)-but-3-enylamines], and (Z)-pent-4-enylamines using the Wittig reaction was achieved. The use of nonstabilized ylides from triphenylphosphonium salt, potassium salt, and apolar solvent produced (Z/E)-geometric isomer ratios generally greater than 1.6. The amine moiety was masked using a phtalimide group that was removed successfully in the last step of the process in two different conditions, NH2NH2/EtOH/rt or CH3NH2/EtOH/rt. However, in some cases, reduction of the C = C double bond in the deprotection with hydrazine was concomitantly observed. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Gerpe, Alejandra,Bollini, Mariela,Gonzalez, Mercedes,Cerecetto, Hugo
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experimental part
p. 29 - 47
(2009/04/06)
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- Azolyacetones as precursors to indoles and naphthofurans facilitated by microwave irradiation with simultaneous cooling
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Phthalimide reacted with phenacyl bromide under microwave irradiation to yield phenacyl isoindolidene-1,3-dione (3b), while 3a reacted with phenylhydrazine to yield the phenylhydrazone 4 that was readily converted into indoylphthalimide 8. Similarly N-benzotriazolylacetone (6a) reacted with phenyl hydrazine to yield the phenylhydrazone 7a that was converted into indoylbenzotriazole 9. Treatment of 8 with hydrazine hydrate afforded a mixture of phthalhydrazide 10 and 3-amino-2-methylindole (11). Reacting enaminone 13 with naphthoquinone (14) afforded the aryl naphthofuran 17. The possibility of the formation of the aldehyde 18 was excluded based on HMQC, which revealed that the carbonyl carbon is not linked to any hydrogen.
- Al-Mousawi, Saleh Mohammed,El-Apasery, Morsy Ahmed
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experimental part
p. 2976 - 2984
(2009/12/24)
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- HETEROCYCLIC DERIVATIVES AS IAP BINDING COMPOUNDS
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The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates thereof, that bind to Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs). The compounds of the invention may be used as diagnostic and therapeutic agents in the
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(2010/01/12)
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- Novel N,S-phenacyl protecting group and its application for peptide synthesis
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The phenacyl group can be introduced onto amino and thio groups by N,S-alkylation reactions. Conversely, these groups are removed rapidly by employing magnesium in acetic acid. This protecting group was successfully applied to a short peptide synthesis of Boc-L-Cys-Gly-OMe. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Tang, Guo,Ji, Tao,Hu, An-Fu,Zhao, Yu-Fen
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experimental part
p. 1907 - 1909
(2009/04/11)
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- Inhibitors of IAP
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The invention provides novel inhibitors of IAP that are useful as therapeutic agents for treating malignancies where the compounds have the general formula I: wherein X, Y, A, R1, R2, R3, R4, R4′, R5, R5′, R6 and R6′ are as described herein.
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(2010/02/15)
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- Substituent effects of N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamides on positive allosteric modulation of the metabotropic glutamate-5 receptor in rat cortical astrocytes
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CDPPB [3-cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide] was recently described as the first centrally active, positive allosteric modulator of rat and human metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) mGluR5 subtype. We explored the structural requirements for potentiation of glutamate-induced calcium release in naturally expressed mGluR5 in cultured rat astrocytes and increasing affinity for the allosteric antagonist binding site by evaluating 50 analogues of CDPPB. In the fluorometric calcium assay, CDPPB exhibited an EC50 value of 77 ± 15 nM in potentiating mGluR 5-mediated responses in cortical astrocytes and a Ki value of 3760 ± 430 nM in displacing [3H]methoxyPEPy binding in membranes of cultured HEK-293 cells expressing rat mGluR5. The structure-activity relationships showed that electronegative aromatic substituents in the para-position of the benzamide moiety of CDPPB increase potency. Both binding and functional activities were further increased with a halogen atom in the ortho-position of the 1-phenyl ring. These effects of substitution do not match those of either aromatic ring of MPEP [2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine] for the antagonist allosteric binding site. Combination of the optimal substituents and aromatic positions resulted in 4-nitro-N-(1-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide (VU-1545) showing Ki = 156 ± 29 nM and EC50 = 9.6 ± 1.9 nM in the binding and functional assays, respectively.
- De Paulis, Tomas,Hemstapat, Kamondanai,Chen, Yelin,Zhang, Yongqin,Saleh, Samir,Alagille, David,Baldwin, Ronald M.,Tamagnan, Gilles D.,Conn, P. Jeffrey
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p. 3332 - 3344
(2007/10/03)
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- Highly Enantioselective Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α-Phthalimide Ketone: An Efficient Entry to Enantiomerically Pure Amino Alcohols
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A new type of α-phthalimide ketones was hydrogenated in excellent enantioselectivity by using a Ru-(C3-TunePhos) complex as the catalyst. Up to 10000 turnovers have been achieved in more than 99% ee in the hydrogenation reaction. A dynamic kinetic resolution study for the synthesis of threonine was performed, and high anti selectivity (>97:3) was observed for the first time. An efficient method to synthesize enantiomerically pure amino alcohols has been developed. Copyright
- Lei, Aiwen,Wu, Shulin,He, Minsheng,Zhang, Xumu
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p. 1626 - 1627
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of 3-phenylpyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridines via a convenient synthesis of 4-amino-3-arylpyrazoles and SAR of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type-1 antagonists
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3-Phenylpyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridines were synthesized via a cyclization of 4-amino-3-phenylpyrazoles 11-13 with ethyl acetoacetate. These compounds were found to be potent CRF1 antagonists. The 2-alkylpyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridines were more polar but le
- Wilcoxen, Keith,Huang, Charles Q.,McCarthy, James R.,Grigoriadis, Dimitri E.,Chen, Chen
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p. 3367 - 3370
(2007/10/03)
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- Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of aryl ketones from boronic acids and carboxylic acids activated in situ by pivalic anhydride
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A new palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between arylboronic acids and mixed anhydrides, generated in situ from carboxylic acids and pivalic anhydride, is presented. Optimization of the new catalyst and the reaction conditions led to the development of a convenient one-pot ketone synthesis directly from carboxylic and boronic acids in the presence of different (phosphane)palladium complexes in wet THF at 60 °C. Systematic studies were performed to elucidate the reaction mechanism of this transformation. The scope and the limitations of the new process are demonstrated by the synthesis of 33 functionalized ketones. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002.
- Goossen, Lukas J.,Ghosh, Keya
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p. 3254 - 3267
(2007/10/03)
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- Method for block polymer synthesis by controlled radical polymerisation
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PCT No. PCT/FR98/01316 Sec. 371 Date Jan. 14, 1999 Sec. 102(e) Date Jan. 14, 1999 PCT Filed Jun. 23, 1998 PCT Pub. No. WO98/58974 PCT Pub. Date Dec. 30, 1998The invention relates to a process for polymerizing block polymers of general formula (I): in which process the following are brought into contact with each other: an ethylenically unsaturated monomer of formula: CYY'(=CW-CW')a=CH2, a precursor compoun of general formula (II): a radical polymerization initiator.
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- A convenient one-pot synthesis of 4-amino-3-arylpyrazoles from α- phthaloylaminoacetophenones
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Condensation of α-phthaloylaminoacetophenones 1a-c with N,N- dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal afforded the novel enamines 3a-c. Cyclization of 3 with hydrazine, alkylhydrazine or phenylhydrazine salts (4a- d) gave 4-phthaloylamino-3-arylpyrazoles 7-9 in
- Chen, Chen,Wilcoxen, Keith,McCarthy, James R.
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p. 8229 - 8232
(2007/10/03)
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- Novel and efficient azomethine ylide forming photoreactions of N-(silylmethyl)phthalimides and related acid and alcohol derivatives
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An investigation of the photochemistry of N-(silylmethyl)phthalimides and related α-phthaloylacetic acids and 2-phenylethanol derivatives has uncovered new excited state processes resulting in the formation of azomethine ylide intermediates. Irradiation of N-[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phthalimide in MeCN promotes C to O silyl transfer to generate the corresponding azomethine ylide which is efficiently trapped by reaction with water to yield the N-methylphthalimide or by dipolar cycloaddition with acetone, methyl acrylate, or acrylomtrile. Cycloadditions with the latter two dipolarophiles are both regioselective and endo-stereoselective. These processes can be triplet photosensitized by use of acetophenone. The related N-[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-1,8-naphthalimide reacts in a similar manner upon irradiation in MeCN solutions containing the dipolarophiles methyl acrylate and acrylonitrile to produce cycloadducts which undergo spontaneous elimination of TMSOH, yielding α,β-unsaturated ester or nitrile products. The ylide formed by irradiation of the (silylmethyl)phthalimide is trapped in a stereospecific (retention) manner by the dipolarophiles trans-hex-4-en-3-one, dimethyl maleate, and dimethyl fumarate. The effect of aryl ring substitution on the regiochemical course of the photoinduced C to O silyl migration process was probed by use of the 4-methoxy-and 4-carbomethoxyl-N-(silylmethyl)phthalimides. Irradiation of the former substance in an MeCN solution containing acrylonitrile gives rise to a single adduct whose structure suggests that silyl migration to oxygen of the carbonyl meta to the OMe substituent is highly favored. In contrast, the 4-carbomethoxyphthalimide is converted under these conditions to a mixture of regioisomeric adducts. Thus, silyl migration in the excited state of this substance is nonselective. In accord with hints found in earlier observations made by Kanaoka (Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1982, 30, 1263), N-phthalimide derivatives of the α-amino acids glycine, alanine, and phenylalanine undergo similar ylide forming photoreactions upon irradiation in MeCN solutions. The azomethine ylides produced by photodecarboxylation of these substances are efficiently trapped by dipolarophiles, and the overall photoreactions starting with the alanine and phenylalanine derivatives are highly stereoselective. Finally, the N-phthalimide derivative of 2-amino-1-phenylethanol also is transformed to a related ylide upon irradiation in MeCN. The nature, regiochemical and stereochemical course, and mechanistic interpretation of these new azomethine ylide forming photoreactions are discussed in this publication.
- Yoon, Ung Chan,Kim, Dong Uk,Lee, Chan Woo,Choi, Young Sun,Lee, Yean-Jang,Ammon, Herman L.,Mariano, Patrick S.
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p. 2698 - 2710
(2007/10/02)
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- REACTIVITY OF IMINOPHOSPHORANES TOWARDS SOME SYMMETRICAL DICARBONYL DICHLORIDES : SYNTHESES AND MECHANISMS
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In situ generated iminophosphoranes 1 react with dicarbonyl dihalides 2a-b and 3a-c to give known or new nitrogen heterocycles.The proposed mechanisms involve elimination of either triphenyl-phosphine oxide or dichlorotriphenylphosphorane depending upon both the iminophosphorane and the dicarbonyl compound.
- Aubert, Thierry,Farnier, Michel,Guilard, Roger
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