- The formation of 4,4′-difluorobenzophenone from 4,4′-dinitrodiphenylmethane
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The novel one pot oxidation/fluorodenitration of 4,4′-dinitrodiphenylmethane to form 4,4′-difluorobenzophenone has been achieved using tetramethylammonium fluoride in N,N-dimethylacetamide.
- Adams, Dave J.,Clark, James H.,McFarland, Heather
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- Kinetic and quantum chemical studies of the mechanism of dehydrochlorination of 2,2-diaryl-1,1,1-trichloroethanes with nitrite ions
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The E2 mechanism has been proposed for the dehydrochlorination of 2,2-diaryl-1,1,1-trichloroethanes with nitrite ion, leading to 2,2-diaryl-1,1-dichloroethenes, on the basis of experimental kinetic study and quantum chemical simulation.
- Kazin,Kuzhin,Sirik,Guzov
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- Transformation of 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(4-nitrophenyl)ethene in the Reaction with Nitrite Ion in Polar Aprotic Solvents
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The reaction of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-nitrophenyl)ethene with sodium nitrite in polar aprotic solvents has been studied. Products of the reaction have been identified, and effects of different factors, including reactant dissociation and solvation, on the reaction rate constants have been analyzed. Thermodynamic parameters of the reaction have been determined, the multistep process has been simulated by quantum chemical calculations, and a plausible mechanism has been proposed.
- Guzov, E. A.,Kazin, V. N.
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- OXIDATION OF SUBSTRATES HAVING LABILE HYDROGENS BY SUPEROXIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF PHOSGENE DIMER
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Superoxide (O2(-.)) oxidized substrates having labile hydrogens to ketones in the presence of phosgene dimer.Oxidation with similar treatment of alkynes were examined.The reaction mechanism was also discussed.
- Nagano, Tetsuo,Yokoohji, Kiyomi,Hirobe, Masaaki
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- Palladium nanoparticles on amino-modified silica-catalyzed C–C bond formation with carbonyl insertion
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Abstract: A practical and heterogeneously catalyzed Stille, homo-coupling, and Suzuki carbonylation reaction has been reported using Pd nanoparticles supported on amino-vinyl silica-functionalized magnetic carbon nanotube (CNT@Fe3O4@SiO2-Pd) for the efficient synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical diaryl ketones from aryl iodides. A wide variety of symmetrical and unsymmetrical diaryl ketones were obtained in high yields under CO gas-free conditions using Mo(CO)6 as an efficient carbonyl source. Considering the atom economy of Ph3SnCl, less than an equimolar amount can be applied in Stille transformation, which is of great importance due to the toxicity of organotin derivatives. Moreover, no phosphine ligand and external reducing agent were necessary in these coupling carbonylation reactions. This heterogeneous Pd catalyst offers high activity with very low palladium leaching. Finally, the catalyst can be reused and recycled for six steps without loss in activity, exhibiting good example of sustainable methodology. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
- Etemadi-Davan, Elham,Khalili, Dariush,Banazadeh, Ali Reza,Sadri, Ghazal,Arshad, Pourya
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- Aerobic Oxygenation of Alkylarenes over Ultrafine Transition-Metal-Containing Manganese-Based Oxides
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The oxygenation of alkylarenes to the corresponding aryl ketones is an important reaction, and the development of efficient heterogeneous catalysts that can utilize O2 as the sole oxidant is highly desired. In this study, we developed an efficient alkylarene oxygenation process catalyzed by ultrafine transition-metal-containing Mn-based oxides with spinel or spinel-like structures (M-MnOx, M=Fe, Co, Ni, Cu). These M-MnOx catalysts were prepared by a low-temperature reduction method in 2-propanol-based solutions using tetra-n-butyl ammonium permanganate (TBAMnO4) as the Mn source, and they exhibited high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface areas (typically >400 m2 g?1). Using fluorene as the model substrate, the catalytic activities of M-MnOx and Mn3O4 were compared. The catalytic activities of M-MnOx were significantly higher than that of Mn3O4, which demonstrates that the incorporation of transition metals in manganese oxide was critical. Among the series of M-MnOx catalysts examined, Ni-MnOx exhibited the highest catalytic activity for the oxygenation. In addition, the catalytic activity of Ni-MnOx was higher than that of a physical mixture of Mn3O4 and NiO. Furthermore, Ni-MnOx exhibited a broad substrate scope with respect to various types of structurally diverse (hetero)alkylarenes (16 examples). The observed catalysis was truly heterogeneous, and the Ni-MnOx catalyst was reusable for the oxygenation of fluorene at least three times and its high catalytic performance was preserved, for example, the reaction rate, final product yield, and product selectivity. The present Ni-MnOx-catalyzed oxygenation process is possibly initiated by a single-electron oxidation process, and herein a plausible oxygen-transfer mechanism is proposed based on several pieces of experimental evidence.
- Nakai, Satoru,Uematsu, Tsubasa,Ogasawara, Yoshiyuki,Suzuki, Kosuke,Yamaguchi, Kazuya,Mizuno, Noritaka
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- Nanostructured Manganese Oxides within a Ring-Shaped Polyoxometalate Exhibiting Unusual Oxidation Catalysis
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Nanosized manganese oxides have recently received considerable attention for their synthesis, structures, and potential applications. Although various synthetic methods have been developed, precise synthesis of novel nanostructured manganese oxides are st
- Sato, Kai,Suzuki, Kosuke,Yamaguchi, Kazuya,Yatabe, Takafumi,Yonesato, Kentaro
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supporting information
(2021/12/30)
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- Palladium imine-pyridine-imine complex immobilized on graphene oxide as a recyclable catalyst for the carbonylative homo-coupling of aryl halides
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A heterogeneous 3-N,N,N-(II) Pd(OAc)2 catalyst was prepared from the reaction of Pd(OAc)2 with Si-Prn-N = C-Py-C = N-Prn-Si immobilized on graphene oxide (GO-Si-Prn-N = C-Py-C = N-Prn-Si-GO). The prepared catalyst was characterized by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectroscopy, BET surface area, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The catalyst was employed as a heterogeneous catalyst for carbonylative homo-coupling of aryl iodides and bromides under carbon monoxide gas-free condition. Cr(CO)6 was used as the carbon monoxide source and the desired symmetrical diaryl ketones were achieved in good to excellent yields. Moreover, the catalyst was reused up to five consecutive cycles without significant loss of activity.
- Niakan, Mahsa,Asadi, Zahra,Khosrozadeh, Fatemeh
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p. 850 - 863
(2020/12/18)
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- Novel and efficient bridged bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)palladium(II) catalysts for selective carbonylative Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions to biaryl ketones and biaryl diketones
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Bridged N,N′-substituted bisbenzimidazolium bromide salts (L1, L2, and L3) were synthesized and fully characterized. Reactions of palladium acetate with L1, L2, and L3 afforded corresponding new bridged bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)palladium(II) complexes (C1, C2, and C3) in high yields. The X-ray structure of complex C1 showed that the Pd(II) ion is bonded to the two carbon atoms of the bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) and two bromido ligands are in the cis position, resulting in a distorted square planar geometry. The three Pd(NHC)2Br2 complexes C1, C2, and C3 were evaluated in carbonylative Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions of aryl boronic acids with aryl halides and displayed high catalytic activity with low catalyst loading. The coupling reactions of aryl bromides were selective towards the carbonylation product at higher carbon monoxide pressure.
- El Ali, Bassam,Fettouhi, Mohammed,Mansour, Waseem
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- Method for preparing symmetric diarylketone through catalytic oxidative carbonylation
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The invention discloses a method for preparing symmetric diarylketone of a formula (I) as shown in the description. The method comprises the following steps: mixing arylboronic acid (II) (Ar-B(OH)2 (II)), a palladium catalyst, a promoter and an organic solvent in a reactor, introducing air and CO having a volume ratio of (7-19):1, reacting under the conditions of a pressure of 1-6 atm and a temperature of 30-80 DEG C for 8-16 hours, and performing after-treatment on the reaction solution, thereby obtaining the product symmetric diarylketone. According to the method disclosed by the invention,the air directly serves as an oxidizing agent to replace the O2 to be applied to oxidative carbonylation of the arylboronic acid, and the ratio of the air to CO is beyond an explosion limit. Therefore, the catalytic system is safe and economic. The palladium catalyst is small in dosage and simple in separation and can be recycled for several times. The method disclosed by the invention is mild inreaction condition, excellent in substrate suitability and high in yield.
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Paragraph 0023; 0024; 0025; 0026; 0030
(2019/03/08)
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- Compounding method for 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane
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The invention discloses a compounding method for 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane and belongs to the technical field of organic compounding. The compounding method comprises the following steps: firstly, adding formaldehyde solution, hydrogen chloride solution and sulfuric acid solution into nitrobenzene, thereby generating p-nitrobenzaldehyde; adding HNO3 solution and H2SO4 solution into phenol, and then uniformly stirring, and performing water bath temperature rise and ice bath temperature decrease, thereby acquiring p-nitrophenol; mixing p-nitrobenzaldehyde and p-nitrophenol which are acquired at two times, and adding Fe, thereby further generating 4,4'-dinitrobenzene methyl alcohol; lastly, adding zinc powder and hydrogen peroxide solution into acquired 4,4'-dinitrobenzene methyl alcohol, performing centrifugal separation, distilling and drying, thereby acquiring 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane. The embodiment proves that the method has a certain universality, the reaction is mild, the technique is simple, the requirement for production equipment is low and the yield of prepared 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane reaches more than or equal to 85%.
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- Synthesis, structural characterization, and catalytic evaluation of phosphinoferrocene ligands bearing extended urea-amide substituents
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New phosphinoferrocene ligands bearing extended polar amidourea pendants with the general formula Ph2PfcCONHCH2CH 2NHCONR2 (1; R2 = H2 (b), H/Et (c), Me2 (d), H/Ph (e)) and their model bis-amide Ph 2PfcCONHCH2CH2NHCOCH3 (1a) were prepared in good yields by amidation of 1′-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene-1- carboxylic acid (Hdpf) with the appropriate amines in the presence of peptide coupling reagents. These ferrocene-based phosphinoureas were further employed as ligands in palladium(II) complexes with η3-allyl and NC-chelating supporting ligands: viz., [PdCl(η3-C 3H5)(1-κP)] (5a-e) and [PdCl(LNC)(1- κP)] (6a-e; LNC = [2-(dimethylamino-κN)methyl]phenyl- κC1). Both the free ligands and their Pd(II) complexes were characterized by spectroscopic methods (multinuclear NMR, IR, and MS) and by elemental analysis. The molecular structures of 1b·CH3OH, 1c, 5b,c, 6a, and two additional model complexes, [PdCl(η3-C 3H5)(Hdpf-κP)] (5f) and [PdCl(η3- C3H5)(Ph2PfcCONH2-κP)] (5g), were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All Pd(II) complexes were evaluated as catalysts in the cross-coupling of boronic acids and acyl halides to give ketones in a toluene/water biphasic mixture. Extensive reaction studies with compound 5e, which not only exerts good catalytic activity but is also readily accessible in a defined crystalline form, demonstrated efficient coupling reactivity for unsaturated substrates such as (substituted) benzeneboronic acids and benzoyl chlorides. The results also revealed that reaction difficulties encountered with less reactive substrates (e.g., insoluble aromatic boronic acids and all saturated aliphatic boronic acids) can be avoided by properly selecting the reaction partners, for example through transposition of substituents between reaction partners. Three representative benzophenones (4-fluoro-, 4-nitro-, and 4,4′-dinitrobenzophenone) were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography.
- Solarova, Hana,Cisarova, Ivana,Stepnicka, Petr
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p. 4131 - 4147
(2014/10/15)
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- Pd-catalyzed sequential C-C bond formation and cleavage: Evidence for an unexpected generation of arylpalladium(II) species
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A Pd(II)-catalyzed reaction engaging alkenyl β-keto esters is reported that leads to the formation of 1-naphthols and an unexpected generation of arylpalladium(II) species. Interception of the in situ generated arylpalladium(II) species in a Mizoroki-Heck reaction, together with additional mechanistic studies, provided strong evidence in support of the first aromatization-driven β-carbon elimination process. A single Pd catalyst served to promote a series of both C-C bond forming and cleavage events in an unprecedented manner.
- Youn, So Won,Kim, Byung Seok,Jagdale, Arun R.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 11308 - 11311
(2012/08/28)
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- Substituted diaryldiazomethanes and diazofluorenes: Structure, reactivity and stability
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The synthesis of several substituted diaryldiazomethanes and diazofluorenes, and an assessment of their structure, reactivity and stability, is reported.
- Davis, Philip J.,Harris, Lawrence,Karim, Aman,Thompson, Amber L.,Gilpin, Martin,Moloney, Mark G.,Pound, Matthew J.,Thompson, Claire
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p. 1553 - 1556
(2011/04/26)
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- Proaromaticity: Organic charge-transfer chromophores with small HOMO-LUMO gaps
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Novel donor- and/or acceptor- substituted cross-conjugated carbocycles based on quinoids or expanded quinoids, with radiaannulene perimeters, were prepared and investigated to validate proaromaticity as a concept for reducing HOMO-LUMO gaps in push-pull chromophores. Analyses of IR, 1H NMR, and UV/Vis/NIR spectra in conjunction with molecular structures determined by X-ray diffraction show that these push-pull quinoids have significant charge-separated ground states. This feature results in small optical gaps (near IR region) and diatropic magnetic environments inside the carbocycles, as suggested by nucleus- independent chemical shift (NICS) calculations. The NICS results, together with the bond-length analysis of the quinoid spacers, provide strong support that proaromaticity, that is, aromatized zwitterionic mesomeric contributions in the ground state, is effective. A push-pull tetrakis(ethynediyl)- expanded quinoid chromophore represents the first proaromatic radiaannulene.
- Wu, Yi-Lin,Bures, Filip,Jarowski, Peter D.,Schweizer, W. Bernd,Boudon, Corinne,Gisselbrecht, Jean-Paul,Diederich, Francois
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scheme or table
p. 9592 - 9605
(2010/10/19)
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- An improved pathway to 6,6-disubstituted fulvenes
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Pentafulvenes with alkyl and/or aryl substituents at the exocyclic position are formed rapidly in high yields through reaction of crystalline sodium cyclopentadienide directly with the appropriate ketones.
- Chajara, Khalil,Ottosson, Henrik
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p. 6741 - 6744
(2007/10/03)
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- Process for preparation of aromatic compounds
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There is disclosed a process for the preparation of a compound of general formula (I), wherein Y and Z each independently represent a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, and a, b, c and d independently represent 0, 1, 2 or 3 provided that the sum of a, b, c, and d is 1, 2, 3 or 4; the process comprising treating a compound of general formula (II), wherein a, b, c, and d are as described above and L1and L2each independently represent an active group provided that either Y and L1are different or Z and L2are different, with a fluorinating system in the presence of oxygen. A preferred compound of general formula (I) is 4,4′-difluorobenzophenone which may be prepared from 4,4′-dinitrophenylmethane using tetramethylammonium fluoride.
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- Photolysis of aromatic azides in diluted solution
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Various aromatic azides were irradiated with monochromatic light in very diluted solutions containing oxygen. The main reaction products were identified by electronic absorption spectra. Isosbestic points were observed up to high conversion of azide. The following predominant reactions were evidenced: the reaction between nitrene and solvent, the reaction between nitrene and oxygen and the reaction of excited azide with oxygen, the corresponding products being amino, nitro and nitroazoarenes, respectively. It was found that the yields of these reactions are highly dependent on the chemical structure of azide. So, unsubstituted and nitro para-substituted phenyl azides led to amines, methyl, methoxy and benzoyl para-substituted phenyl azides gave nitroderivatives, while azides of biphenyl and naphthalene yielded nitroazoaryl compounds, as main products.
- Barboiu, Virgil,Airinei, Anton,Rusu, Elena,Timpu, Daniel
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p. 663 - 668
(2007/10/03)
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- Ozone-mediated Nitration of Aromatic Ketones and Related Compounds with Nitrogen Dioxide
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Alkyl aryl ketones react smoothly with nitrogen dioxide at low temperatures in the presence of ozone to give ortho- and meta-nitro derivatives as the principal products, the former usually being predominant (ortho:meta = 1.1-3.8:1.0).No attack was observed on the alkyl side chains.
- Suzuki, Hitomi,Murashima, Takashi
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p. 903 - 908
(2007/10/02)
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- Substituent-Dependent Electron-Transfer Induced Photooxygenation of 1,1-Diarylethylenes
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Rates and products of 9,10-dicyanoanthracene-sensitized photooxygenations of 1,1-diarylethylenes (1a-r) in acetonitrile were studied.If at least one of the aryl groups carries an electron-donating substituent at the para (or ortho) position (1a-l), 3,3,6,6-tetraaryl-1,2-dioxanes (2a-l) are generated in high yields (85-100percent).Benzophenones (3) are the only other observable products. 1,1-Diphenylethylene (1n) and its m-methoxy (1m), p-chloro (1o,p), and p-nitro (1q,r) derivatives, however, yield mainly benzophenones (3m-r) (>50percent) (the p-nitro compounds only in the presence of biphenyl). 1,2-Dioxanes (2m-p), cyclobutanes (4n-p), and α-tetralones (5m-o) are obtained as side products.Dioxanes, benzophenones, and α-tetralones are products of electron-transfer induced oxygenations involving triplet ground-state molecular oxygen, 3O2.Singlet molecular oxygen, O2(1Δg), contributes to the benzophenone formation from strongly electron-donor substituted diarylethylenes.An exception is the most powerful electron-donor substituted diarylethylene 1a, with which O2(1Δg) undergoes an electron-transfer reaction affording dioxane 2a.Dioxane formation proceeds via free-radical cations 1.+, which enter into a chain reaction with 1, 3O2, and another molecule of 1 to yield dioxane 2 and a new radical cation 1.+ that maintains the chain reaction.The efficiency of this chain process, however, is found to be several orders of magnitude smaller than expected.To explain this result, a 1,6-biradical .1-1-O2. is proposed to be generated in this chain reaction as the product-determining intermediate that predominantly fragments into 3O2 and two molecules of 1.Cyclization to dioxane 2 and transformation to benzophenone 3 occur at presumably less than 0.1percent from this biradical.The pathways leading to cyclobutanes (4) and α-tetralones (5) are also discussed.
- Gollnick, Klaus,Schnatterer, Albert,Utschick, Gerald
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p. 6049 - 6056
(2007/10/02)
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- Models for intramolecular exchange in organic π-conjugated open-shell systems. A comparison of 1,1-ethenediyl and carbonyl linked bis(arylnitrenes)
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Linkage of two phenylnitrene electron-spin-bearing units by exchange coupling linker groups leads to model open-shell π-conjugated systems of the general structure :N-Ph-X-Ph-N: of various possible connectivity types. Use of variable-temperature electron
- Ling, Chris,Minato, Masaki,Lahti, Paul M.,Van Willigen, Hans
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p. 9959 - 9969
(2007/10/02)
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- A Kinetic and Mechanistic Study on the Oxidation of Benzhydrol by Pyridinium Bromochromate (PBC)
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The kinetics of the oxidation of benzhydrol (diphenylmethanol) by pyridinium bromochromate (PBC) in aqueous acetic acid has been studied.The order with respect to both the oxidant and substrate is one.The primary kinetic isotope effect kH/kD is 6.42 at 303 K.The reaction constant (ρ) is -0.95 at 303 K.The reaction is insensitive to the acrylonitrile induced polymerization.The influence of temperature and variation in the solvent composition on the rate have also been studied.A probable mechanism and the nature of the transition state are proposed.
- Narayanan, N.,Balasubramanian, T. R.
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p. 3052 - 3062
(2007/10/02)
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- A Variant of Peterson Olefination: Nitrophenyl-Substituted Methylenecyclopropanaphthalenes
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The successful use of a gem-disilyl compound in Peterson olefination with nitrosubstituted aromatic aldehydes and ketones is achieved for 1,1-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1H-cyclopropanaphthalene (9) by employing potassium fluoride in acetonitrile and using a c
- Halton, Brian,Lu, Qi,Stang, Peter J.
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p. 1277 - 1282
(2007/10/02)
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- Reaction of Diazonium Salts with Transition Metals. Part 13. Palladium-catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling of Arenediazonium Salts with Organotin Reagents to give Aromatic Ketones
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Palladium-catalyzed reactions of arenediazonium salts (ArN2X; Ar=Y-Ph, Y=H, 2-, 3-, 4-Me, 2-Ph, 2-, 3-MeO, 2-, 3-, 4-Cl, 4-Br, 4-I, 2-, 3-, and 4-NO2, X=BF4 and PF6) with carbon monoxide and organostannanes (R4Sn, R=Me, Et, and Ph; RSnMe3, R=Ph, 2-, 3-, 4-MeC6H4, and 4-ClC6H4; RSnEt3, R=4-NO2C6H4; RSnBu3, R=Ph) gave aromatic ketones (ArCOR) in good yields (40-95percent) at room temperature.
- Kikukawa, Kiyoshi,Idemoto, Tohru,Katayama, Atsuhiko,Kono, Kiyoshi,Wada, Fumio,Matsuda, Tsutomu
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p. 1511 - 1514
(2007/10/02)
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- Kinetics, Isotope Effects, and Mechanism of the Reaction of 1,1,1-Trifluoro-2,2-bis-(4-nitrophenyl)ethane with Piperidine and Pyrrolidine Bases in Dipolar Aprotic Solvents
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The kinetics of the reaction of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-bis-(4-nitrophenyl)ethane with piperidine and pyrrolidine bases in a series of solvents are reported.The reaction is complex, le
- Jarczewski, Arnold,Schroeder, Grzegorz,Dworniczak, Miroslaw
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- THE REACTION OF ETHANEDIYL S,S-ACETALS WITH HALOGENES
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Cyclic thioacetals and thioketals (1,3-dithiolanes) are reported to react smoothly with halogens in a 1:1 molar ratio, at room temperature in anhydrous carbon tetrachloride.The mechanistic aspects of the reaction are considered and evidence is shown of the itermediacy of monocationic rather than the previously postulated dicatonic species in the cleavage reactions of 1,3-dithiolanes of aromatic ketones.
- Caputo, Romualdo,Ferreri, Carla,Palumbo, Giovanni,Capozzi, Giuseppe
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p. 2369 - 2376
(2007/10/02)
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- The kinetics, isotope effects, and mechanism of the reaction of 2,2-di(4-nitrophenyl)-1,1,1-trifluoroethane with alkoxide bases in alcohol solvents
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The reaction between 2,2-di(4-nitrophenyl)-1,1,1-trifluoroethane and the alkoxide bases O-CH3, O-C2H5, O-nC4H9, O-CH(CH3)2 and O-C(CH3)3 in their corresponding alcohol solvents is a multistep reaction
- Jarczewski, Arnold,Schroeder, Grzegorz,Galezowski, Wlodzimierz,Leffek, Kenneth T.,Maciejewska, Urszula
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p. 576 - 580
(2007/10/02)
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- The reinvestigation of the kinetics of the reactions of fluorodi(4-nitrophenyl)ethanes with sodium methoxide in methanol
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The procedure previously described for the preparation of 1-fluoro-2,2-di(4-nitrophenyl)ethane actually yields 1,1,2-tri(4-nitrophenyl)ethane.Fluoro-2,2-di(4-nitrophenyl)ethane has been prepared and rate constants, isotope effects, and activation parameters for the β-elimination reaction with methoxide ion in methanol are reported.These parameters indicate a concerted E2 mechanism, with a fairly symmetrical transition state.The subsequent dimerization reaction of the olefin product to yield 1,1,3,3-tetra(4-nitrophenyl)butene-1 is described.The reaction of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-di(4-nitrophenyl)ethane with methoxide ion in methanol has been reinvestigated and the reaction on the first product 1,1-difluoro-2,2-di(4-nitrophenyl)ethylene with excess methoxide, to give di(4-nitrophenyl)ketene dimethylacetal in a multistep reaction, is reported.
- Leffek, Kenneth T.,Schroeder, Grzegorz
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p. 1696 - 1701
(2007/10/02)
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- Process for the production of nitro derivatives of aromatic compounds
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Nitroderivates of aromatic compounds which are difficult to nitrate, can readily be obtained by nitration providing that the aromatic compound is treated with nitric acid or another nitrating agent in the presence of aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons monosubstituted or polysubstituted by halogen, the nitro group or an alkyl sulphonyl group, and the nitro derivative formed subsequently isolated.
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