- Tri-, tetra-, and hexanuclear mixed-valence molybdenum clusters: Structural diversity and catalysis of acetylene hydrogenation
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A series of novel cluster compounds comprising molybdenum in a low valence state was synthesized by means of a disproportionation of the dimeric compound [Mo+42Cl4(OCH3)4(CH3OH)2] (1). The reaction of 1 with CH3OH leads to the disproportionation of Mo+4 yielding an unusual mixed-valence cluster [Mo+3.54Cl4O2(OCH3)6(CH3OH)4] (2). By exploring this synthetic approach further, tri-{[Mo3Cl3(OCH3)7(CH3OH)3] (3)}, tetra-{[Mo4Cl4(OCH3)10(CH3OH)2] (4), [Mo4Cl3O(OCH3)9(CH3OH)3] (5), [Mo4Cl2(OCH3)12(CH3OH)2] (6)}, and hexanuclear {[Mo6Cl4O6(OCH3)10(CH3OH)2] (7)} molybdenum alkoxides were synthesized by the reaction of 1 with methanol and stoichiometric amounts of magnesium methoxide, thus providing a general facile access to the polynuclear methoxide complexes of a low-valence molybdenum. Due to the feasibility to adopt multiple oxidation states in a reversible manner and the documented competence of molybdenum alkoxide compounds to catalyze the reduction of inert molecules, including N2, the synthesized compounds were expected to function as catalysts of small molecule substrates reduction/hydrogenation. Accordingly, the reduction of acetylene (C2H2) to an ethylene (C2H4) and ethane (C2H6) mixture, in methanol (with water additives) serving as a reaction medium and a proton donor, and using sodium or europium amalgams as reducing agents, was performed in the presence of 2. Preliminary kinetic studies evidently point to a catalytic function of molybdenum species derived from 2, thus establishing the observed reactivity as a rare example of non-precious metal-catalyzed acetylene hydrogenation, providing, in addition, a convenient model for further mechanistic studies.
- Kuznetsov, Denis A.,Bazhenova, Tamara A.,Fedyanin, Ivan V.,Martynenko, Vyacheslav M.,Shestakov, Alexander F.,Petrova, Galina N.,Komarova, Natal'Ya S.
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Read Online
- An Acetylacetonate or a Pyrazole? Both! 3-(3,5-Dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl)pentane-2,4-dione as a Ditopic Ligand
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The alternative coordination sites of 3-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl)pentane-2,4-dione (H2acacPz) differ with respect to Pearson hardness. The softer, heterocyclic moiety was used as N donor toward Zn(II) and Ag(I); it yielded a tetrahedral, neutral Zn complex in the former and a monocationic, linear bis(ligand) Ag complex in the latter case. After deprotonation with silver benzoate, the pyrazolyl ring may act as a monoanionic N,N′-bridge between neighboring cations in a hexanuclear Ag aggregate; in addition to ligand-supported Ag···Ag distances of ca. 3.2 ?, these aggregates feature ligand-unsupported argentophilic interactions of ca. 2.9 ?. With stronger bases and in the presence of oxophilic Mg cations, the harder hydroxyketone part of the H2acacPz ligand may be deprotonated to a chelating acetylacetonate. The resulting bis(ligand) Mg complex has been used as starting compound for a bimetallic derivative: the ditopic ligand allows coordinating cadmium acetate to its dangling N donor site, thus, bridging divalent Mg and Cd in a bimetallic three-dimensional coordination network of pts topology.
- Guo, Qianqian,Englert, Ulli
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Read Online
- Upgrading of furfural to biofuel precursors: Via aldol condensation with acetone over magnesium hydroxide fluorides MgF2- x(OH)x
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Wastes from lignocellulosic materials, especially hemicellulose, are extremely promising resources to produce fuels from renewable raw materials. Furfural, resulting from the depolymerization of hemicellulose, is often considered as an extremely interesting platform molecule. Particularly, new biofuels containing molecules with 8 and 13 carbon atoms can be produced from aldol condensation of furfural and acetone followed by a deoxygenation reaction. In this work, several magnesium hydroxide fluorides MgF2-x(OH)x were prepared by a sol-gel method with various F/Mg ratios (0 to 2) at 100 °C. All solid samples were fully characterized by several techniques (nitrogen adsorption-desorption, TEM, IR, XRD and ICP). MgF2-x(OH)x were mainly composed of an intimate mixture of MgF2 and Mg(OH)2-x(OCH3)x and exhibited both acid-base properties and high surface areas. From CO2 adsorption experiments, a basicity scale corresponding to basic sites with moderate strength was established: MgF1.5(OH)0.5 > MgF(OH) ~ MgF1.75(OH)0.25 > MgF0.5(OH)1.5 > Mg(OH)2 ? MgF2. It was proposed that the presence of fluorine allowed stabilization of the basic sites with moderate strength at ambient atmosphere. The aldol condensation of furfural and acetone was carried out under mild reaction conditions (50 °C, Patm) over MgF2-x(OH)x. These catalysts were involved in this reaction without using a classical activation step for basic solid catalysts, which constitutes a major advantage of energy conservation and thus, economic efficiency. The solid with a F/Mg ratio equal to 1.5 (MgF1.5(OH)0.5) exhibited the highest activity, the furanic dimer (1,5-di(furan-2-yl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one) being the main product. A good correlation between the catalytic activity and the basicity scale was highlighted. Based on these results, the nature of active sites was proposed: a combination of a Lewis acid site (coordinatively unsaturated metal site) in the vicinity of a basic site (hydroxyl groups of Mg(OH)2-x(OCH3)x). The effect of the furfural/acetone ratio on the catalytic properties of MgF1.5(OH)0.5 was also investigated.
- Xu, Minrui,Célérier, Stéphane,Comparot, Jean-Dominique,Rousseau, Julie,Corbet, Matthieu,Richard, Frédéric,Clacens, Jean-Marc
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Read Online
- Synthesis of benzyl/allyl alkyl ethers from corresponding magnesium alkoxides
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In the presence of iodine, alcohols react with magnesium to produce magnesium alkoxides which are then treated with benzyl chloride or allyl bromide to produce benzyl alkyl ethers or allyl alkyl ethers.
- Lin, Ji-Mao,Li, Hui-Hui,Zhou, Ai-Min
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Read Online
- Synthesis and Tubulin Binding of Novel C-10 Analogues of Colchicine
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A series of novel C-10 derivatives of colchicine have been prepared and evaluated for inhibition of in vitro microtubule assembly and of colchicine binding to tubulin.The C-10 substituent of colchicine was replaced by halogens, alkyl and alkoxy groups, and hydrogen.Many of these compounds are available by nucleophilic substitution of 10-fluoro-10-demethoxycolchicine (9) without concomitant formation of ring contraction products.Compound 9 is prepared by reaction of (diethylamino)sulfur trifluoride with colchicine.Unlike most reactions of colchicine, the colchicine rather than the isocolchicine regioisomer is the predominant product of this reaction.It was found that modification of the C-10 substituent of colchicine had a relatively minor effect on the potency of the colchicinoids.The electronic nature of the substituent had no significant effect on the efficacy of the compound, indicating that hydrogen bonding or polar interactions between the C-10 substituent of colchicinoids and an amino acid in the colchicine binding site on tubulin are not present in the colchicine-tubulin complex.A decrease in activity was observed with increasing length of the alkyl chain bonded to the C-10 position, but potency was less affected when the alkyl groups were positioned in close proximity to the C-10 carbon of the tropone ring.It is concluded that the steric rather than the electronic properties of the C-10 substituent are the predominant determinants of activity in this series.
- Staretz, Marianne E.,Hastie, Susan Bane
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Read Online
- Alkoxy metal powder as well as preparation method and application thereof
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The invention relates to a preparation method and an application of alkoxy metal powder, which are applied to preparation of an alkoxy metal carrier of an olefin polymerization catalyst. The alkoxy metal carrier comprises the following components: metal halide, sodium alcoholate or potassium alcoholate, or a solvent. The molar ratio of the components for preparing the alkoxy metal compound is as follows: metal halide: sodium alcoholate or potassium alcoholate = 1:(0.001-30); wherein the metal halide is a metal chloride, a metal bromide, a metal fluoride or a metal iodide; the metal is a main group metal, a sub-group metal or a VIII group metal. The catalyst prepared from the carrier is used for preparing an olefin polymerization catalyst, and has the advantages of high catalyst activity, good hydrogen regulation performance, good copolymerization performance, low polymer powder content, low wax content and good particle morphology; the catalyst is used for ethylene homopolymerization,ethylene and alpha-olefin copolymerization or ethylene and polar alkene monomer copolymerization, propylene homopolymerization, propylene and alpha-olefin copolymerization, or propylene and polar alkene monomer copolymerization.
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Paragraph 0079-0080
(2019/12/02)
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- Stereoselective synthesis of α-methyl and α-alkyl ketones from esters and alkenes: Via cyclopropanol intermediates
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Alkenes bearing a stereocenter in the allylic position were found to undergo Kulinkovich hydroxycyclopropanation with good diastereoselectivity. For the isomerization of the resulting cyclopropanols to diastereomerically enriched α-methyl ketones, a new mild regioselective method has been developed. A sequence of stereoselective cyclopropanation and cyclopropanol ring opening was successfully employed for the construction of the C20 stereocenter in steroids.
- Barysevich, Maryia V.,Kazlova, Volha V.,Kukel, Aliaksandr G.,Liubina, Aliaksandra I.,Hurski, Alaksiej L.,Zhabinskii, Vladimir N.,Khripach, Vladimir A.
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supporting information
p. 2800 - 2803
(2018/03/21)
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- Cobalt Oxide Materials for Oxygen Evolution Catalysis via Single-Source Precursor Chemistry
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The utilization of metal alkoxides as single-source precursors for (mixed-)oxide materials offers remarkable benefits, such as the possibility to precisely control the metal ratio in the resulting material, highly homogeneous distribution of the elements in the film, and the low temperatures required for film processing. Herein we report on the isolation and characterization of the bimetallic Co-Mo alkoxide [Co3Mo4O10(OCH3)10(dmf)4] (Co3Mo4; dmf=N,N-dimethylformamide), which was prepared by the anion metathesis reaction of the corresponding metal chlorides. The Co-Mo alkoxide was explored as a well-defined precursor of cobalt oxide catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline electrolyte MOH. The catalysts demonstrated excellent activity in the OER, manifested in low onset potentials and Tafel slopes and superb stability under the operating conditions both in alkaline and nearly neutral media. It was observed that the nature of the metal cation of the alkaline electrolyte MOH (M+=Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+) greatly affected the catalytic performance of the material. We propose that the positive effect of larger metal cations on the film activity in the OER could be explained by the higher hydration enthalpies of larger ions and enhanced mass transport within a larger interlayer space between the [CoO2]δ?∞ sheets of the in situ formed binary oxides. It may be deduced that this trend is universal and may be extended to other types of metal oxides forming layered structures during the OER.
- Kuznetsov, Denis A.,Konev, Dmitry V.,Sokolov, Sergey A.,Fedyanin, Ivan V.
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p. 13890 - 13896
(2018/09/14)
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- Polyfluorinated salicylic acid derivatives as analogs of known drugs: Synthesis, molecular docking and biological evaluation
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We have developed the convenient methods for synthesis of polyfluorosalicylic acids and their derivatives. For the first time the biological properties of polyfluorosalicylates were investigated in vitro (permeability through the biological membranes, COX-1 inhibitory action) and in vivo (anti-inflammatory, analgesic activities, acute toxicity). Molecular docking of polyfluorinated salicylates confirmed in vitro and in vivo experiments.
- Shchegol'kov,Trefilova,Borisevich,Shchur,Ljushina,Khursan,Burgart, Ya.V.,Solodnikov, S.Yu.,Saloutin,Markova,Maslova,Krasnykh
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- Study of MgO transformation into MgF2 in the presence of CF2Cl2
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Alkaline-earth metal oxide aerogels prepared by sol-gel method followed by autoclave drying are nanocrystalline mesoporous materials with high reactivity. Bulk solid-state reaction of MgO aerogels with CF2Cl2 takes place after a long induction period, during which the active sites are accumulated on the surface of the nanoparticles. It was found that vanadium addition has a promoting effect on this reaction accelerating the process of the active sites formation. A method for characterization of electron-acceptor sites by electron spin resonance spectroscopy using perylene as the spin probe was developed. A good correlation was observed between the rate of the CF2Cl2 destructive sorption and the concentration of weak electron-acceptor sites. Simplified models of such sites were suggested. The acid sites on the modified MgO surface were supposed to be originated from separation of the charged fragments resulting in the surface polarization. Uncompensated oxygen substitution for chlorine and/or fluorine ions leads to appearance of Lewis acid sites while HCl/HF chemisorption results in Bronsted acid sites formation.
- Vedyagin, Aleksey A.,Bedilo, Alexander F.,Mishakov, Ilya V.,Shuvarakova, Ekaterina I.
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p. 523 - 538
(2017/07/10)
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- BIOSYNTHESIS OF CANNABINOID PRODRUGS AND THEIR USE AS THERAPEUTIC AGENTS
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The present invention provides methods for producing cannabinoid prodrugs. Also described are pharmaceuticals acceptable compositions of the prodrugs and a system for the large-scale production of the prodrugs.
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Paragraph 0199
(2017/11/07)
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- Synthesis of spin-labeled riboswitch RNAs using convertible nucleosides and DNA-catalyzed RNA ligation
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Chemically stable nitroxide radicals that can be monitored by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy can provide information on structural and dynamic properties of functional RNA such as riboswitches. The convertible nucleoside approach is used to install 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO) and 2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidin-1-oxyl (proxyl) labels at the exocyclic N4-amino group of cytidine and 2′-O-methylcytidine nucleotides in RNA. To obtain site-specifically labeled long riboswitch RNAs beyond the limit of solid-phase synthesis, we report the ligation of spin-labeled RNA using an in vitro selected deoxyribozyme as catalyst, and demonstrate the synthesis of TEMPO-labeled 53 nt SAM-III and 118 nt SAM-I riboswitch domains (SAM = S-adenosylmethionine).
- Büttner, Lea,Seikowski, Jan,Wawrzyniak, Katarzyna,Ochmann, Anne,H?bartner, Claudia
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p. 6171 - 6180
(2013/10/21)
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- Total synthesis of (±)- and (-)-actinophyllic acid
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Development of efficient sequences for the total syntheses of (±)-actinophyllic acid (rac-1) and (-)-actinophyllic acid (1) are described. The central step in these syntheses is the aza-Cope/Mannich reaction, which constructs the previously unknown hexacyclic ring system of actinophyllic acid in one step from much simpler tetracyclic precursors. The tetracyclic hexahydro-1,5-methano-1H-azocino[4,3-b]indole ketone rac-37 is assembled from o-nitrophenylacetic acid in four steps, with oxidative cyclization of a dienolate derivative of tricyclic precursor rac-35 being the central step. In the first-generation synthesis, this intermediate is transformed in two steps to homoallyl amine rac-43, whose formaldiminium derivative undergoes efficient aza-Cope/Mannich reaction to give pentacyclic ketone rac-44. In four additional steps, this intermediate is advanced to (±)-actinophyllic acid. The synthesis is streamlined by elaborating ketone rac-37 to β-hydroxyester intermediate rac-53, which is directly transformed to (±)-actinophyllic acid upon exposure to HCl and paraformaldehyde. This concise second-generation total synthesis of (±)-actinophyllic acid is realized in 22% overall yield from commercially available di-tert-butyl malonate and o-nitrophenylacetic acid by a sequence that proceeds by way of only six isolated intermediates. The first enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-actinophyllic acid (1) is accomplished by this direct sequence from tricyclic keto malonate (S)-35. Catalytic enantioselective reduction of α,β-unsaturated ketone 66 is the key step in the preparation of intermediate (S)-35 from the commercially available Boc-amino acid 65. Discussed also is the possibility that the aza-Cope/Mannich reaction might be involved in the biosynthesis of (-)-actinophyllic acid.
- Martin, Connor L.,Overman, Larry E.,Rohde, Jason M.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 4894 - 4906
(2010/06/18)
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- Phenobarbital derivatives useful in immunoassay
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Phenobarbital derivatives synthesized out of the alkyl chain at the 5-position, particularly with hydrophilic properties, and carrying an active ester at the end, allow formation of aminodextran conjugates that give curves in the desired range of the assay in the ONLINE TDM microparticle assay format when matched against the Roche FPIA antibody specific for phenobarbital (“an antibody specific for phenobarbital”).
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- PHENOBARBITAL DERIVATIVES USEFUL IN IMMUNOASSAY
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Phenobarbital derivatives synthesized out of the alkyl chain at the 5-position, particularly with hydrophilic properties, and carrying an active ester at the end, allow formation of aminodextran conjugates that give curves in the desired range of the assay in the ONLINE TDM microparticle assay format when matched against the Roche FPIA antibody specific for phenobarbital ("an antibody specific for phenobarbital").
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Page/Page column 20
(2009/05/28)
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- Process for solvent removal from omeprazole salts
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The present invention relates to a process for removing an organic solvent from a salt of omeprazole, in particular a magnesium salt of omeprazole, a composition comprising a salt of omeprazole, in particular a magnesium salt of omeprazole obtainable by such a process, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising said composition or a salt of omeprazole, in particular a magnesium salt of omeprazole, in particular where omeprazole is S-omeprazole..
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Page/Page column 12
(2008/12/07)
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- S-omeprazole magnesium
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The present invention discloses a process for preparing a magnesium salt of S-omeprazole. The S-omeprazole salt preferably has a water content below about 4.8% by weight, a magnesium content of about 3.4-4.0% by weight, calculated on the weight of anhydrous, solvent free S-omeprazole magnesium, and has an optical purity of at least about 85% entantiomeric excess (“e.e.”). In addition, the present invention provides a magnesium salt of S-omeprazole which is substantially free of neutral omeprazole, meaning that the product contains less than about 3% by weight of a-sum of neutral S-omeprazole and neutral omeprazole. Moreover, the S-omeprazole magnesium according to the invention preferably has assay of related substances and degradation products of less than about 0.1 % by weight as determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
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Page/Page column 5-6
(2008/06/13)
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- A NOVEL PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF 5-NONYL SALICYLALDOXIME
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The invention relates to a process for producing 5-nonyl salicylaldoxime that comprises of converting nonyl phenol to a 5-nonyl aldehyde in a two-step reaction using a novel catalyst mixture, followed by the oximation of the said aldehyde using hydroxylamine sulphate, and that the said catalytic process of aldehyde production is the main invention, in that the effective use of the catalyst mixture helps the reaction proceed at a faster and controlled rate which leads to a higher yield of aldehyde, as a result of complete conversion of all the reactants to the final products.
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Page/Page column 7-9
(2010/11/26)
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- Supported polyoxometalates and process for their preparation
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The invention relates to supported polyoxometalates represented by the formula (An)m+ [M4(H2O)10(XW9O33)2]m? or solvates thereof, wherein A represents a cation, n is the number of cations, m is the charge of the polyoxoanion, M is a transition metal, and X is an element selected from the group consisting of As, Sb, Bi, Se and Te, characterized in that the polyoxometalate is supported on a solid support selected from the group consisting of Al2O3, MgO, TiO2, ZrO2, SiO2, mesoporous silica, active carbon, diatomite, clays, zeolites, polyoxometalate salts and mixtures thereof, with the proviso that the polyoxometalate salt supports are different from the supported polyoxometalates defined by the above formula, a process for their preparation and their use for the catalytic oxidation of organic molecules.
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(2008/06/13)
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- Concise formal synthesis of (S)-Gregatin B
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(S)-3-Acetyl-5-[(1E,3E)-1,3-hexadienyl]-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, known precursor for the synthesis of (S)-gregatin B, was synthesized in a fewer steps and higher overall yield starting from (R)-lactic acid.
- Matsuo, Keizo,Kanayama, Masaru,Xu, Jin Yi,Takeuchi, Rie,Nishiwaki, Keiji,Asaka, Yukihiro
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p. 1609 - 1614
(2007/10/03)
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- SALTS OF DIHYDROJASMONIC ACID AND USE THEREOF IN AGRICULTURE
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A compound comprising a water soluble salt of formula (I) wherein R1 is a C1-10alkyl group; or a C2-10a1kenyl group; M is a cation of valency n, provided that when R1 is a pent-2-enyl group, Mn+ is other than sodium or potassium. These salts are particularly suitable for use in agricultural formulations. The formulations may further comprise benzoic acid derivatives and/or antioxidants.
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(2008/06/13)
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- Process for the preparation of pure alkaline earth alkoxides
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Production of a metal-free Group II alkaline earth dimethanolate involves alcoholysis of the corresponding diethanolate with an excess of methanol.
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(2008/06/13)
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- Magnesium-S-omeprazole
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The invention provides magnesium S-omeprazolato compounds according to formula (I): [in-line-formulae][Mg(solva)x(solvb)y][Mg(S-omeprazolato)3]2.(solvc)z??(I), [/in-line-formulae] pharmaceutical compositions and processes of making the same. In formula (I), solva, solvb, and solvc represent solvent molecules where x and y are independently selected from integers 0 to 6, the sum of which is 4 or 6, while z is a positive rational number from 0 to 6. The compounds are useful for the treatment of gastric acid related conditions and the inhibition of gastric acid secretion.
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(2008/06/13)
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- Process
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The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of the magnesium salt of the (?)-enantiomer of 5-methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)-methyl]sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole trihydrate, i.e. S-omeprazole magnesium salt trihydrate. The present invention also relates to the S-omeprazole magnesium salt trihydrate prepared in accordance with the new process and pharmaceutical compositions containing it. Furthermore, the present invention also relates to new intermediates used in the process.
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(2008/06/13)
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- C-SUBSTITUTED TRICYCLIC ISOXAZOLINE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE AS ANTI-DEPRESSANTS
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The invention concerns substituted tricyclic isoxazoline derivatives according to Formula (I), the pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salts thereof, the stereochemically isomeric forms thereof and the N-oxide form thereof, more in particular tricyclic dihydrobenzopyranoisoxazoline, dihydroquinolinoisoxazoline , dihydronaphthalenoisoxazoline and dihydrobenzothiopyranoisoxazoline derivatives substituted on the phenylpart of the tricyclic moiety with at least one radical that is attached to the phenyl radical by a carbon-carbon bond as well as processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions comprising them and their use as a medicine, in particular for treating depression, anxiety, movement disorders, psychosis, Parkinson's disease and body weight disorders including anorexia nervosa and bulimia, wherin all variables are defined in Claim 1. (I) The compounds have surprisingly been shown to have selective serotonine (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor activity in combination with additional α2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity and show a strong anti-depressant and/or anxiolytic activity and/or antipsychotic and/or a body weight control activity without being sedative. Also, in view of their selective serotonine (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor as well as α2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity, compounds according to the invention are also suitable for treatment and/or prophylaxis in diseases where either one of the activities alone or the combination of said activities may be of therapeutic use.
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- Novel amorphous form of omeprazole salts
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The present invention relates to novel amorphous form of salts and process for the preparation thereof.
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- Process for the preparation of magnesium methylate
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The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing magnesium alkoxide by conversion of magnesium with an alcohol, characterized in that magnesium is used in piece form. The invention also relates to the use of magnesium alkoxide obtained according to the present invention as a feedstock for chemical or pharmaceutical processes, or for manufacturing catalysts or as an anhydrous neutralizing agent.
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- Preparation of octa(alkoxy) azaphthalocyanines
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5,6-Bis(alkoxy)pyrazine-2,3-dicarbonitriles 3, with methoxy-, ethoxy-and propoxy-substituents, were allowed to react with magnesium alkoxides to form the corresponding magnesium octa(alkoxy)azaphthalocyanines 5a,d,e. Compound 5a was converted into the metal-free azaphthalocyanine 5b, and to the copper complex 5c. The propoxy substituted magnesium azaphthalocyanine 5e was converted to the metal free azaphthalocyanine 5f. Both 5e and 5f are readily soluble in organic solvents. The stable intermediate methyl 2,3-di(methoxy)-6-cyanopyrazine-5-carboximidate 4, was obtained both from a reaction of 5,6-dichloropyrazine-2,3-dicarbonitrile 1, with sodium methoxide in methanol, and in a sodium methoxide catalyzed reaction of 3a with ammonia in methanol. Compound 4 was converted into 5a with magnesium methoxide, and is therefore an intermediate between 3a and 5a.
- Morkved, Eva H.,Ossletten, Hege,Kjosen, Helge
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p. 1117 - 1121
(2007/10/03)
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- Preparation of nonionic surfactants by oxyalkylation with a phenolic activated magnesium catalyst
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Nonionic surfactants containing a narrow molecular weight distribution is obtained by the use of a magnesium-containing catalyst which comprises reacting a reactive hydrogen compound selected from the group consisting of monohydric alcohols having from about 6 to 30 carbon atoms with an alkylene oxide having from 2-4 carbon atoms at a temperature at which the reaction proceeds in the presence of at least a catalytic amount of a phenolic activated magnesium catalyst containing phosphorus.
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- Preparation of nonionic surfactants by oxyalkylation with a magnesium catalyst
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Nonionic surfactants containing a narrow molecular weight distribution is obtained by the use of a magnesium-containing catalyst which comprises reacting a reactive hydrogen compound selected from the group consisting of monohydric alcohols having from about 6 to 30 carbon atoms with an alkylene oxide having from 2-4 carbon atoms at a temperature at which the reaction proceeds in the presence of at least a catalytic amount of a particular magnesium catalyst containing phosphorus.
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- Formation of MgGeO3 from the Hydrate prepared by Hydrolysis of Magnesium and Germanium Oxides
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Magnesium-germanium hydrate, which yields a MgGeO3 powder, has been prepared by the simultaneous hydrolysis of magnesium and germanium alkoxides.Its composition is MgGeO3*0.25H2O*nH2O and its structure is similar to that of Mg3Si4O10(OH)2*nH2O and 4.25MgO*4GeO2*1H2O*5H2O prepared hydrothermally.Magnesium metagermanate, MgGeO3, is slowly crystallized at 660-1 200 deg C after the completion of dehydration of the hydrate.The kinetics of crystallization of MgGeO3 have been studied by means of X-ray diffraction measurements.The initial stage at each temperature proceeds rapidly.The final stages can be expressed in terms of the contracting cube equation, the activation energy being 198 kJ mol-1.
- Yamaguchi, Osamu,Kawabe, Katsuji,Shimizu, Kiyoshi
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p. 2139 - 2142
(2007/10/02)
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