- The Pseudophase Model of Micellar Catalysis. Addition of Cyanide Ion to N-Alkylpyridinium Ions
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Cationic micelles speed addition of cyanide ion to the 4 position of N-alkyl-3-carbamoylpyridinium bromide (alkyl = n-C12H25, n-C14H29, n-C16H33).At high concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium cyanide the reaction rates become almost independent of as substrate binding appraches completion.The rates of these reactions in 0.005 M CN- go through maxima with increasing concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide .The rate-surfactant profiles in both surfactants fit a pseudophase model of micellar catalysis.Using measured binding of the substrates to micelles of CTABr, the second-order rate constants in the micellar pseudophase are almost the same as that in water.Thus, the entire rate enhancement is due to concentration of reactants in the micellar pseudophase.
- Bunton, Clifford A.,Romsted, Laurence S.,Thamavit, Chirasarit
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- STABLE COMPOSITIONS OF THIABENDAZOLE AND IODINE-CONTAINING FUNGICIDES
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The present invention relates to stable compositions for the fungicidal equipment of thermoplastic polymers, in particular PVC, comprising thiabendazole, at least one iodine-containing fungicide and at least one epoxide and optionally further fungicidally active compounds, and also to methods for preparing these formulations and to uses thereof for the protection of thermoplastic polymers against attack and destruction by microorganisms. Moreover, the invention relates to mold-resistant PVC materials equipped with the compositions according to the invention.
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- FUNGICIDAL PENFLUFEN MIXTURES
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The invention relates to mixtures comprising penflufen, to the use of these mixtures for protecting industrial materials and to a method for treating industrial materials with the penflufen mixtures.
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- ACTIVE DELIVERY SYSTEMS FORMULATIONS
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The present invention relates to active delivery system formulations, and methods of making and using the same. Said formulations, when applied to a substrate surface, form a protective coating on the surface and permit constituent active agents to act on the surface and in the surrounding medium.
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- DENTAL ORAL COMPOSITION
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A dental composition for oral use, containing a phosphorylated saccharide (a), a polyphosphoric acid and/or a salt thereof (b), and a cationic bactericidal agent (c), wherein a ratio of a total amount of the phosphorylated saccharide (a) and the polyphosphoric acid and/or a salt thereof (b) contained to an amount of the cationic bactericidal agent (c) contained, i.e. {(a)+(b)}/(c), is from 0.05 to 20 in a weight ratio. The dental composition for oral use of the present invention can be suitably used for an oral cavity cleaning agent, including dentifrice agents such as a paste dentifrice agent, a powder dentifrice agent, and a liquid dentifrice agent, a mouse-wash agent, a troche, a tablet, a cream, an ointment, a bonding agent, a mouth spray, a coating agent to tooth surface or a dental prosthetic, a hypersensitive inhibitor, a therapeutic agent for periodontal diseases, that is applied to a periodontal pocket, wet tissue for oral cavity care, an oral refreshing agent, chewing gum, or a gargling agent, or the like.
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- 3-NITROISOXAZOLES AND THEIR USE IN THE PROTECTION OF MATERIALS
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The 3-nitroisoxazoles of the formula (I) in which R1 and R2 are each as defined in the description, some of which are known, are highly suitable for use as biocides for protecting industrial materials.
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- O-aryl dithiazole dioxides
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The invention relates to new O-aryldithiazole dioxides, to two processes for their preparation, and to their use as pesticides in crop protection and in the protection of materials.
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- Arylthio-dithiazindioxides and their use as pesticides
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PCT No. PCT/EP97/07242 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 23, 1999 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 23, 1999 PCT Filed Dec. 22, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO98/29400 PCT Pub. Date Jul. 9, 1998The invention relates to novel S-aryl-dithiazine dioxides, to processes for their preparation and to the use in crop protection and in the protection of materials.
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- Methods, compositions, and dental delivery systems for the protection of the surfaces of teeth
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The present invention discloses compositions containing lecithin and/or bactericidal compounds, and hydrophobic materials which form, upon application to dental surfaces, adhesive, protective and bacteria-inhibiting barriers.
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- Methods, compositions, and dental delivery systems for the protection of the surfaces of teeth
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The present invention discloses compositions containing a transfer agent and/or bactericidal compounds, and hydrophobic materials which form, upon application to dental surfaces, adhesive, protective and bacteria-inhibiting barriers.
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- Method for virus inactivation in the presence of polyalkylene glycol as well as the pharmaceutical preparation obtained therewith
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The invention relates to a pharmaceutical preparation comprising a plasma protein wherein said preparation is free of infectious agents as well as essentially free of denaturation products and is obtainable by a method that encompasses the following steps: a) addition of a polyether and a chaotropic agent to a solution comprising the plasma protein, optional lyophilization of the solution; b) inactivation of infectious agents in the presence of the polyether by a physio-chemical or chemical treatment, and c) removal of the polyether and the chaotropic agent.
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- 6,7-(epithio)-3,7-dimethyl-1,3-octadiene and use thereof in augmenting or enhancing aroma of perfume compositions, colognes and perfurmed articles
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Described are the 6,7-(epithio)-3,7-dimethyl-1,3-octadienes having the structures STR1 and mixtures of same as well as the uses thereof in augmenting or enhancing the aroma or perfume compositions, colognes and perfumed articles including but not limited to solid or liquid anionic, cationic, nonionic or zwitterionic detergents, cosmetic powders, hair preparations and the like.
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- Hair rinse composition
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A hair rinse composition having improved rinsing performance and a process specified to prepare the same. The composition according to the invention comprises (A) 0.05 to 0.5 wt % of cationic surface active agent, and (B) a higher alcohol or a glycerine mono fatty acid ester having a melting point not lower than 45° C. The ingredient (B) should be contained in an amount of 3 to 15 times by weight to ingredient (A). The composition is prepared by diluting a highly concentrated emulsified product containing 0.4 to 34 wt % of ingredient (A) and (B) in total with 1 to 20 times by weight to the emulsified product of water.
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- Process for preparing mixtures containing 8,9-epithio-1-p-menthene
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Described is a process for preparing a mixture of t-mercapto terpenes defined according to the structure: STR1 and α-terpineol defined according to the structure: STR2 including the step of reacting the compound defined according to the structure: STR3 with an alkali metal thiocyanate defined according to the structure: STR4 wherein M represents alkali metal such as sodium, potassium or lithium in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. The resulting product is then treated with lithium aluminum hydride followed by aqueous mineral acid to form a mixture of α-terpineol and the compound defined according to the structure: STR5 which mixture is useful for its organoleptic properties.
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- Process for preparing 2,2-azobis(2,4-dimethylpentanenitrile)
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A process for the preparation of 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethylpentanenitrile) with improved filtering and drying characteristics, said process comprising reacting 2-amino-2,4-dimethylpentanenitrile with a metal hypochlorite in the presence of water, a mixture of quaternary ammonium surface active compounds and ionic bromide wherein the equivalent ratio of ionic bromide to surface active compound is 0.4:1-12.0:1 at a temperature of about -10° C. to about 30° C., and recovering 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylpentanenitrile) from the reaction mixture.
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- Preparation of 3,3,3-trifluoropropene-1
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Process for preparing 3,3,3-trifluoropropene-1 by contacting and reacting at least one of 1,1,1,3-tetrachloropropane, 1,1,3-trichloropropene-1 and 3,3,3-trichloropropene-1 and HF, under autogenous pressure, at 140°-250° C., in the presence of at least a catalytic amount of an organic monoamine, a salt of the monoamine or an alkylene diamine, said monoamine and salt being of the formula R3 N.(R'X)n wherein n is 0 or 1, X is an appropriate anion, each R and R' is selected independently from H, alkyl of 1-16 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 6-10 carbon atoms, aryl of 6-10 carbon atoms and alkylaryl of 6-10 carbon atoms, provided, however, when n is 0, no more than two of the R groups are H and when n is 1, no more than three of the R and R' groups are H, and provided, however, R3 N taken jointly is piperidine, pyrrolidine, indoline, isoindoline, pyridine, quinoline or isoquinoline, each optionally substituted with 1-3 methyl groups, said alkylene diamine being of the formula R"2 N--CH2 --NR"2 wherein m is 2-10 and each R" is selected independently from H, alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms and phenyl, provided, however, when m is 2, each R" is selected independently from alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms and phenyl.
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- Substituted-1-acetyl-3,3-dimethylcyclohexane
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Described in a genus of substituted 1-acetyl-3,3-dimethylcyclohexanes having the structure: STR1 wherein R1 or one or both of R2 and/or R3 is methallyl and the other of R1 or R2 and/or R3 is hydrogen, a process for preparing same by means of reacting a methallyl halide with acetyl-3,3-dimethylcyclohexane using a phase transfer agent and in a two phase system according to the reaction: STR2 wherein X is chloro or bromo, processes for adding such 1-acetyl-3,3-dimethylcyclohexane derivatives to consumable materials whereby: (i) In foodstuffs and medicinal products, fatty, sweet, fruity, citrus, green and vegetable-like aromas and fatty, sweet, fruity, citrus, vegetable-like and waxy flavor characteristics are augmented or enhanced; (ii) In perfumes and perfumed articles, green, herbaceous, melony and fruity aromas with galbanum-like, ginger-like and citrusy nuances are imparted, augmented and/or enhanced; and (iii) In tobaccos and tobacco flavors, green, sweet, fruity, floral and Virginia tobacco-like flavor and aroma nuances are augmented and/or enhanced in the mainstream and in the sidestream on smoking and, in addition, prior to smoking and flavor composition, perfume compositions and tobacco articles and foodstuffs and perfumed articles containing such 1-acetyl-3,3-dimethylcyclohexane derivatives.
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- 1-(2-Methyl-2-propenyl)-3-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-Δ3 -cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde and 1-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-4-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-Δ3 -cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde
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Described are the compounds 1-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-3-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-Δ3 -cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde and 1-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-4-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-Δ3 -cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde; and a process for preparing same by means of reacting a methallylic halide with a mixture of 3 and 4-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-Δ3 -cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde using a phase transfer agent in a two phase system according to the reaction: STR1 wherein the carboxaldehyde moiety is bonded to the alpha-carbon atom or the beta-carbon atom, X is chloro or bromo and M is alkali metal, processes for adding such 1-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-Δ3 -cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehydes to consumable materials whereby: I. In foodstuffs and medicinal products, floral, muguet, coriander, fatty, green and creamy aroma and flavor characteristics are augmented or enhanced; Ii. In perfumes and perfumed articles, citrus, floral and fatty nuances are imparted, augmented and/or enhanced; and Iii. In tobaccos and tobacco flavor and aroma imparting or enhancing compositions, sweet, spicey, coriander-like, citrus/fruity notes are imparted, prior to, and, on smoking And tobacco, foodstuff, flavor and perfume compositions containing the 1-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-Δ3 -cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehydes.
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- 1-Acetyl-3,3-dimethyl-(2-propenyl)cyclohexane
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Described is the compound 1-acetyl-3,3-dimethyl-(2-propenyl)cyclohexane, a process for preparing same by means of reacting an allylic halide with acetyl-3,3-dimethylcyclohexane using a phase transfer agent and in a two phase system according to the reaction: STR1 wherein X is chloro or bromo, processes for adding 1-acetyl-3,3-dimethyl-(2-propenyl)cyclohexane to consumable materials whereby: I. In foodstuffs and medicinal products, fruity, pineapple, allyl-caproate-like, galbanum and woody aroma characteristics are augmented or enhanced and rosey, ionone, oriental-like and woody flavor characteristics are augmented or enhanced; and Ii. In perfumes and perfumed articles, sweet, earthy, animal aromas with pineapple and ambery nuances and tobacco/animal notes are imparted, augmented and/or enhanced And flavor compositions and perfume compositions containing 1-acetyl-3,3-dimethyl-(2-propenyl)cyclohexane.
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