- Visible-Light-Mediated Dearomatisation of Indoles and Pyrroles to Pharmaceuticals and Pesticides
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Dearomatisation of indole derivatives to the corresponding isatin derivatives has been achieved with the aid of visible light and oxygen. It should be noted that isatin derivatives are highly important for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and bioactive compounds. Notably, this chemistry works excellently with N-protected and protection-free indoles. Additionally, this methodology can also be applied to dearomatise pyrrole derivatives to generate cyclic imides in a single step. Later this methodology was applied for the synthesis of four pharmaceuticals and a pesticide called dianthalexin B. Detailed mechanistic studies revealed the actual role of oxygen and photocatalyst.
- Schilling, Waldemar,Zhang, Yu,Riemer, Daniel,Das, Shoubhik
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supporting information
p. 390 - 395
(2019/12/15)
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- Method for preparing indole-2,3-dione derivatives by catalytic oxidation of microwave copper/peroxyacetic acid
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The invention discloses a method for preparing indole-2,3-dione derivatives by catalytic oxidation of microwave copper/peroxyacetic acid. The method comprises the following steps: a catalytic amount of catalyst copper iodide, indole, a derivative of the indole and peroxyacetic acid are added into a reaction vessel, wherein the indole, the derivative of the indole and the peroxyacetic acid are usedas raw materials, ethanol is used as a solvent, the reaction vessel is placed into a microwave reaction instrument, a reaction is performed at certain temperature and power, after a certain time, reduced-pressure concentration is performed, and a product is purified by column chromatography. The method provided by the invention is a method having novel raw materials, simple operation and high efficiency used for preparing a benzimidazole derivative; and compared with the prior art, the method provided by the invention has an obviously-accelerated reaction speed than that under conventional heating, mild reaction conditions, simple operation, a high yield, safety, low costs and environmental protection.
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Paragraph 0024; 0054
(2018/09/08)
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- Double Carbonylation Using Glyoxal (HCOCOH): A Practical Copper-Promoted Synthesis of Isatins from Primary and Secondary Anilines
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A novel double carbonylation process has been demonstrated with easily available HCOCOH (glyoxal) as the double carbonylation reagent. Simple CuCl2?2H2O (copper(II) chloride dihydrate) was used as the oxidant for this transformation. Under optimized reaction conditions, various primary and secondary anilines were double-carbonylated to afford their corresponding isatins (26 examples, up to 80% yields). (Figure presented.).
- Kuan, Suzie Hui Chin,Sun, Wei,Wang, Lu,Xia, Chungu,Tay, Meng Guan,Liu, Chao
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supporting information
p. 3484 - 3489
(2017/09/06)
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- An efficient method based on indoles for the synthesis of isatins by taking advantage of I2O5 as oxidant
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An efficient method to synthesize isatins based on indoles by using inorganic hypervalent I2O5 has been explored in good yields, which successfully realized the transformation from indoles to isatins under metal-free, mild condition
- Wang, Ci-Ping,Jiang, Guo-Fang
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supporting information
p. 1747 - 1750
(2017/04/13)
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- A Palladium-Catalyzed Double Carbonylation Approach to Isatins from 2-Iodoanilines
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A high-yielding procedure for the synthesis of isatins has been developed. Sequential Pd-catalyzed double carbonylation of 2-iodoanilines with near stoichiometric amounts of CO followed by acid-promoted cyclization readily affords an array of isatins. The conversion of 2-iodoanilines to isatins in good to excellent yields was found to proceed with good functional group tolerance. This protocol proved adaptable to 13C-isotope labeling of isatins, which was extended to the synthesis of the 13C-isotope labeled antiviral drug metisazone and the experimental anti-schizophrenia drug ML137.
- Laursen, Simon R.,Jensen, Mikkel T.,Lindhardt, Anders T.,Jacobsen, Mikkel F.,Skrydstrup, Troels
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p. 1881 - 1885
(2016/05/09)
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- Potent Synergy between Spirocyclic Pyrrolidinoindolinones and Fluconazole against Candida albicans
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A spiroindolinone, (1S,3R,3aR,6aS)-1-benzyl-6′-chloro-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-7′-methylspiro[1,2,3a,6a-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-3,3′-1H-indole]-2′,4,6-trione, was previously reported to enhance the antifungal effect of fluconazole against Candida albicans. A diastereomer of this compound was synthesized, along with various analogues. Many of the compounds were shown to enhance the antifungal effect of fluconazole against C. albicans, some with exquisite potency. One spirocyclic piperazine derivative, which we have named synazo-1, was found to enhance the effect of fluconazole with an EC50 value of 300 pM against a susceptible strain of C. albicans and going as low as 2 nM against some resistant strains. Synazo-1 exhibits true synergy with fluconazole, with an FIC index below 0.5 in the strains tested. Synazo-1 exhibited low toxicity in mammalian cells relative to the concentrations required for antifungal synergy. Synergy from stereochemical complexity: An attempt to synthesize analogues of a known spiroindolinone led to a series of diastereomers. One spiroindolinone, termed synazo-1, was shown to exhibit potent activity (300 pM) against C. albicans in the presence of fluconazole. Synazo-1 is a true synergizer and was also highly active against some drug-resistant C. albicans strains.
- Premachandra, Ilandari Dewage Udara Anulal,Scott, Kevin A.,Shen, Chengtian,Wang, Fuqiang,Lane, Shelley,Liu, Haoping,Van Vranken, David L.
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p. 1672 - 1686
(2015/10/06)
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- Structure-based design, synthesis, andanticonvulsant activity of isatin-1-N-phenylacetamide derivatives
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In an effort to develop the potent anticonvulsant agents, a series of novel isatin-1-N-phenylacetamide derivatives was synthesized and screened for their in vivo anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock test and evaluated for their neurotoxicity by the rotarod test at the same dose levels. Ten compounds exhibited the anticonvulsant activity. 2-(5-Methyl-2,3-dioxoindolin-1- yl)-N-phenylacetamide (4b) was found to be the most potent compound of the series with an ED50 of 91.3 mg/kg, TD50 of >1,000 mg/kg, a higher protective index (PI = TD50/ED50, >11) was gained than the reference drug phenobarbital and carbamazepine. The essential structural features responsible for interaction with receptor site are established within a suggested pharmacophore. Springer Science+Business Media 2013.
- Xie, Chao,Tang, Li-Ming,Li, Fu-Nan,Guan, Li-Ping,Pan, Cheng-Yan,Wang, Si-Hong
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p. 2161 - 2168
(2014/05/06)
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- Design, synthesis and antiproliferative activity evaluation of new 5-azaisoindigo derivatives
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New 5-azaisoindigo derivatives were synthesized with two key intermediates 5-azaoxindole (7) and substituted indole-2,3-dione (10) in this paper. Intermediate 7 was prepared from 3-methylpyridine (1) through 6 steps containing oxidation reaction and so on. Intermediate 10 was obtained by a convenient Sandmeyer's method. The target compounds 5-azaisoindigo derivatives 11a-f were obtained by condensation of these two intermediates 7 and 10 in acidic condition. All target compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against seven cell lines by SRB assay. Compounds 11e and 11f showed significant antiproliferative activity against K562 cells (IC50: 8.9 μM and 13.6 μM, respectively).
- Zhao, Ping,Yan, Yun,Li, Yanzhong,Zhang, Aiying,Zhan, Xiaoping,Liu, Zenglu,Mao, Zhenmin,Chen, Shaoxiong,Wang, Liqun
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p. 1923 - 1932
(2014/08/18)
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- Synthesis of isatins by I2/TBHP mediated oxidation of indoles
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An I2/TBHP mediated oxidation of commercially available indoles has been developed, which affords isatins in moderate to good yields.
- Zi, You,Cai, Zhong-Jian,Wang, Shun-Yi,Ji, Shun-Jun
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supporting information
p. 3094 - 3097
(2014/06/23)
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- Extended structure-activity relationship and pharmacokinetic investigation of (4-quinolinoyl)glycyl-2-cyanopyrrolidine inhibitors of fibroblast activation protein (FAP)
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Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a serine protease related to dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV). It has been convincingly linked to multiple disease states involving remodeling of the extracellular matrix. FAP inhibition is investigated as a therapeutic option for several of these diseases, with most attention so far devoted to oncology applications. We previously discovered the N-4-quinolinoyl-Gly-(2S)-cyanoPro scaffold as a possible entry to highly potent and selective FAP inhibitors. In the present study, we explore in detail the structure-activity relationship around this core scaffold. We report extensively optimized compounds that display low nanomolar inhibitory potency and high selectivity against the related dipeptidyl peptidases (DPPs) DPPIV, DPP9, DPPII, and prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP) the log D values, plasma stabilities, and microsomal stabilities of selected compounds were found to be highly satisfactory. Pharmacokinetic evaluation in mice of selected inhibitors demonstrated high oral bioavailability, plasma half-life, and the potential to selectively and completely inhibit FAP in vivo.
- Jansen, Koen,Heirbaut, Leen,Verkerk, Robert,Cheng, Jonathan D.,Joossens, Jurgen,Cos, Paul,Maes, Louis,Lambeir, Anne-Marie,De Meester, Ingrid,Augustyns, Koen,Van Der Veken, Pieter
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supporting information
p. 3053 - 3074
(2014/05/06)
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- Scaffold-inspired enantioselective synthesis of biologically important spiro[pyrrolidin-3,2'-oxindoles] with structural diversity through catalytic isatin-derived 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions
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Catalytic asymmetric construction of the biologically important spiro[pyrrolidin-3,2'-oxindole] scaffold with contiguous quaternary stereogenic centers in excellent stereoselectivities (up to >99:1 d.r., 98 % ee) has been established by using an organocat
- Shi, Feng,Tao, Zhong-Lin,Luo, Shi-Wei,Tu, Shu-Jiang,Gong, Liu-Zhu
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 6885 - 6894
(2012/07/27)
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- Counter-current chromatography separation of isatin derivatives using the sandmeyer methodology
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A rapid and efficient method, using high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) technique, was developed for the separation of isomeric isatin derivatives, prepared following the Sandmeyer route. The biphasic solvent system composed of hexane:ethyl acetate:ethanol:water 1:0.5:0.5:1 (v/v/v/v) was used for all separations.
- Almeida, Ma?rcia R.,Leita?o, Gilda G.,Silva, Ba?rbara V.,Barbosa, Jussara P.,Pintoa, Angelo C.
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scheme or table
p. 764 - 769
(2010/08/13)
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- Structure-based design and parallel synthesis of N-benzyl isatin oximes as JNK3 MAP kinase inhibitors
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A series of N-benzylated isatin oximes were developed as inhibitors of the mitogen-activated kinase, JNK3. X-ray crystallographic structures aided in the design and synthesis of novel, selective compounds, that inhibit JNK3, but not p38 MAP kinase and provided key insights into understanding the behavior of gatekeeper residue methionine-146 in determining target selectivity for this series.
- Cao, Jingrong,Gao, Huai,Bemis, Guy,Salituro, Francesco,Ledeboer, Mark,Harrington, Edmund,Wilke, Susanne,Taslimi, Paul,Pazhanisamy,Xie, Xiaoling,Jacobs, Marc,Green, Jeremy
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scheme or table
p. 2891 - 2895
(2010/01/16)
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- A palladium-catalyzed synthesis of isatins (1H-Indole-2,3-diones) from 1-(2-haloethynyl)-2-nitrobenzenes
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An inherently regiospecific synthesis of isatins (1H-indole-2,3-diones) starting from 1-halo-2-nitrobenzenes is described. The isatins are formed by an intramolecular palladium-catalyzed annulation of 2-(2-haloethynyl)-1-nitrobenzenes via the formation of 2-haloisatogens.
- S?derberg, Bj?rn C.G.,Gorugantula, Sobha P.,Howerton, Chet R.,Petersen, Jeffrey L.,Dantale, Shubhada W.
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experimental part
p. 7357 - 7363
(2009/12/04)
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- Methods and Compositions for Selectin Inhibition
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The present teachings relate to novel compounds of formula I: wherein the constituent variables are as defined herein. Compounds of the present teachings can act as antagonists of the mammalian adhesion proteins known as selecting. Methods for treating or preventing selectin-mediated disorders are provided, which include administration of these compounds in a therapeutically effective amount.
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Page/Page column 24
(2008/12/04)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of quinoline salicylic acids as P-selectin antagonists
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Leukocyte recruitment of sites of inflammation and tissue injury involves leukocyte rolling along the endothelial wall, followed by firm adherence of the leukocyte, and finally transmigration of the leukocyte across cell junctions into the underlying tissue. The initial rolling step is mediated by the interaction of leukocyte glycoproteins containing active moieties such as sialyl Lewisx (sLex) with P-selectin expressed on endothelial cells. Consequently, inhibition of this interaction by means of a small molecule P-selectin antagonist is an attractive strategy for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as arthritis. High-throughput screening of the Wyeth chemical library identified the quinoline salicylic acid class of compounds (1) as antagonists of P-selectin, with potency in in vitro and cell-based assays far superior to that of sLex. Through iterative medicinal chemistry, we identified analogues with improved P-selectin activity, decreased inhibition of dihydrooratate dehydrogenase, and acceptable CYP profiles. Lead compound 36 was efficacious in the rat AIA model of rheumatoid arthritis.
- Kaila, Neelu,Janz, Kristin,DeBernardo, Silvano,Bedard, Patricia W.,Camphausen, Raymond T.,Tam, Steve,Tsao, Desirée H.H.,Keith Jr., James C.,Nickerson-Nutter, Cheryl,Shilling, Adam,Young-Sciame, Ruth,Wang, Qin
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- 5′-Phenyl-3′H-spiro[indoline-3,2′-[1,3,4]thiadiazol]-2-one inhibitors of ADAMTS-5 (Aggrecanase-2)
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5′-Phenyl-3′H-spiro[indoline-3,2′-[1,3,4]thiadiazol]-2-one inhibitors of ADAMTS-5 (Aggrecanase-2) have been prepared via commercially available starting materials. Selected compounds 23, 33-35 show sub-micromolar ADAMTS-5 potency and strong SAR trends with selectivity over the related metalloproteases ADAMTS-4 (Aggrecanase-1), MMP12, and MMP13. This series of compounds represents progress toward a selective ADAMTS-5 inhibitor as a disease modifying osteoarthritis drug.
- Bursavich, Matthew G.,Gilbert, Adam M.,Lombardi, Sabrina,Georgiadis, Katy E.,Reifenberg, Erica,Flannery, Carl R.,Morris, Elisabeth A.
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p. 5630 - 5633
(2008/03/14)
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- Heterocyclic systems containing bridgehead nitrogen atom: Synthesis and bioactivity of 2,3-dihydro-4H-thiazino-as-triazinoindole and quinoxalinothiazoloindolo-as-triazine and their isomeric systems
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2,3-Dihydro-7-methyl-5H-as-triazinoindole-3-thione 2 on condensation with 1,3-dibromopropane and 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline gives the cyclized products, 2,3-dihydro-9-methyl-4H-thiazino-as-triazinoindole 4 and 10-methylquinoxalinothiazoloindolo-as-triazine 6 respectively and not the angular isomers, 2,3-dihydro-9-methyl-1H-thiazino-as-triazinoindole 3 and 2-methylquinoxalinothiazoloindolo-as-triazine 5.The uniquivocal synthesis of the latter 3 and 5 have been accomplished by reaction of 6-methylisatin-3-thiosemicarbazone 1 with 1,3-dibromopropane and 2,3-dichloroquinoxalines, respectively.The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the synthesized compounds have also been evaluated.
- Mohan, Jag,Kumar, Vineet
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- Condensed bridgehead nitrogen heterocyclic systems: Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of thiazolo[3′,2′:2,3]-as-triazino[5,6-b]indoles and isomeric thiazolo[2′,3′:3,4]-as-triazino[5,6-b]indoles
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2,3-Dihydro-7-methyl-5H-as-triazino[5,6-6]indole-3-thione 4 on condensation with α-haloketones gives 3-aroylmethylthio-7-methyl-5H-as-triazino[5,6-6]indole hydrobromides 5 which on PPA catalysed cyclisation furnishes 3-aryl-8-methylthiazolo[3′,2′:2,3]-as-
- Mohan, Jag,Kumar, Vineet
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p. 1030 - 1033
(2007/10/03)
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