- The discovery of potent, selective, and reversible inhibitors of the house dust mite peptidase allergen der p 1: An innovative approach to the treatment of allergic asthma
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Blocking the bioactivity of allergens is conceptually attractive as a small-molecule therapy for allergic diseases but has not been attempted previously. Group 1 allergens of house dust mites (HDM) are meaningful targets in this quest because they are globally prevalent and clinically important triggers of allergic asthma. Group 1 HDM allergens are cysteine peptidases whose proteolytic activity triggers essential steps in the allergy cascade. Using the HDM allergen Der p 1 as an archetype for structure-based drug discovery, we have identified a series of novel, reversible inhibitors. Potency and selectivity were manipulated by optimizing drug interactions with enzyme binding pockets, while variation of terminal groups conferred the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic attributes required for inhaled delivery. Studies in animals challenged with the gamut of HDM allergens showed an attenuation of allergic responses by targeting just a single component, namely, Der p 1. Our findings suggest that these inhibitors may be used as novel therapies for allergic asthma.
- Newton, Gary K.,Perrior, Trevor R.,Jenkins, Kerry,Major, Meriel R.,Key, Rebekah E.,Stewart, Mark R.,Firth-Clark, Stuart,Lloyd, Steven M.,Zhang, Jihui,Francis-Newton, Nicola J.,Richardson, Jonathan P.,Chen, Jie,Lai, Pei,Garrod, David R.,Robinson, Clive
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Read Online
- Synthesis of chiral branched allylamines through dual photoredox/nickel catalysis
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Allylamines are versatile building blocks in the synthesis of various naturally occurring products and pharmaceuticals. In contrast to terminal allylamines, the methods of synthesis of their branched congeners with internal, stereodefined double bonds are less explored. This work describes a new approach for the preparation of allylaminesviacross-coupling of alkyl bromides with simple 3-bromoallylamines by merging the photoredox approach and Ni catalysis. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions, under blue light irradiation, and in the presence of an organic dye, 4CzIPN, as a photocatalyst. The scope of suitable reaction partners is broad, including alkyl bromides bearing reactive functionalities (e.g., esters, nitriles, aldehydes, ketones, epoxides) andN-protected allylamines, as well asN-allylated secondary and tertiary amines and heterocycles. The employment of non-racemic starting materials allows for rapid and easy construction of complex multifunctional allylamine derivatives without the loss of enantiomeric purity.
- Garbacz, Mateusz,Stecko, Sebastian
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supporting information
p. 8578 - 8585
(2021/10/20)
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- One-pot synthesis of Weinreb amides employing 3,3-dichloro-1,2-diphenylcyclopropene (CPI-Cl) as a chlorinating agent
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The synthesis of Nα-protected amino alkyl Weinreb amides starting from the corresponding α-amino acids as well as carboxylic acids has been delineated through the in situ generation of acid chlorides using CPI-Cl as a chlorinating agent. The protocol is simple; the reaction conditions employed were mild, and compatible with all the three commonly used urethane protecting groups namely, Boc, Cbz and Fmoc groups. The resulting Weinreb amides are obtained in good yields as optically pure products.
- Shekharappa,Roopesh Kumar,Sureshbabu, Vommina V.
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supporting information
p. 790 - 798
(2019/03/26)
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- Discovery of Peptidomimetic Antibody-Drug Conjugate Linkers with Enhanced Protease Specificity
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Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have become an important therapeutic modality for oncology, with three approved by the FDA and over 60 others in clinical trials. Despite the progress, improvements in ADC therapeutic index are desired. Peptide-based ADC linkers that are cleaved by lysosomal proteases have shown sufficient stability in serum and effective payload-release in targeted cells. If the linker can be preferentially hydrolyzed by tumor-specific proteases, safety margin may improve. However, the use of peptide-based linkers limits our ability to modulate protease specificity. Here we report the structure-guided discovery of novel, nonpeptidic ADC linkers. We show that a cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxamide-containing linker is hydrolyzed predominantly by cathepsin B while the valine-citrulline dipeptide linker is not. ADCs bearing the nonpeptidic linker are as efficacious and stable in vivo as those with the dipeptide linker. Our results strongly support the application of the peptidomimetic linker and present new opportunities for improving the selectivity of ADCs.
- Wei, Binqing,Gunzner-Toste, Janet,Yao, Hui,Wang, Tao,Wang, Jing,Xu, Zijin,Chen, Jinhua,Wai, John,Nonomiya, Jim,Tsai, Siao Ping,Chuh, Josefa,Kozak, Katherine R.,Liu, Yichin,Yu, Shang-Fan,Lau, Jeff,Li, Guangmin,Phillips, Gail D.,Leipold, Doug,Kamath, Amrita,Su, Dian,Xu, Keyang,Eigenbrot, Charles,Steinbacher, Stefan,Ohri, Rachana,Raab, Helga,Staben, Leanna R.,Zhao, Guiling,Flygare, John A.,Pillow, Thomas H.,Verma, Vishal,Masterson, Luke A.,Howard, Philip W.,Safina, Brian
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supporting information
p. 989 - 1000
(2018/01/01)
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- ALIPHATIC PROLINAMIDE DERIVATIVES
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This invention is directed to novel aliphatic prolinamide derivatives of Formula I, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, solvates of the salt and prodrugs thereof, useful in the prevention (e.g., delaying the onset of or reducing the risk of developing) and treatment (e.g., controlling, alleviating, or slowing the progression of) of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and related diseases of the eye. These diseases include dry-AMD, wet-AMD, geographic atrophy, diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, and degeneration of retinal or photoreceptor cells. The invention disclosed herein is further directed to methods of prevention, slowing the progress of, and treatment of dry-AMD, wet-AMD, and geographic atrophy, diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, and degeneration of retinal or photoreceptor cells, comprising: administration of a therapeutically effective amount of compound of the invention. The compounds of the invention are inhibitors of HTRAl. Thus, the compounds of the invention are useful in the prevention and treatment of a wide range of diseases mediated (in whole or in part) by HTRAl. The compounds of the invention are also useful for inhibiting HTRAl protease activity in an eye or locus of an arthritis or related condition.
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Paragraph 0142; 0143; 0144
(2018/04/11)
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- α-Amino Aldehydes as Readily Available Chiral Aldehydes for Rh-Catalyzed Alkyne Hydroacylation
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Readily available α-amino aldehydes, incorporating a methylthiomethyl (MTM) protecting group on nitrogen, are shown to be efficient substrates in Rh-catalyzed alkyne hydroacylation reactions. The reactions are performed under mild conditions, employing a small-bite-angle bis-phosphine ligand, allowing for good functional group tolerance with high stereospecificity. Amino aldehydes derived from glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, serine, tryptophan, methionine, and cysteine were successfully employed, as was an enantiomerically enriched α-OMTM-aldehyde derived from phenyllactic acid. The synthetic utility of the α-amino enone products is demonstrated in a short enantioselective synthesis of the natural product sphingosine.
- Hooper, Joel F.,Seo, Sangwon,Truscott, Fiona R.,Neuhaus, James D.,Willis, Michael C.
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p. 1630 - 1634
(2016/02/20)
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- PEPTIDOMIMETIC COMPOUNDS AND ANTIBODY-DRUG CONJUGATES THEREOF
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This invention relates to peptidomimetic linkers and anti-body drug conjugates thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and to their use in therapy for the prevention treatment of cancer.
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Page/Page column 82; 85
(2015/07/07)
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- PEPTIDOMIMETIC COMPOUNDS AND ANTIBODY-DRUG CONJUGATES THEREOF
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This invention relates to peptidomimetic linkers and anti-body drug conjugates thereof, to pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and to their use in therapy for the prevention or treatment of cancer.
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Page/Page column 78; 80
(2015/07/07)
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- PEPTIDOMIMETIC COMPOUNDS AND ANTIBODY-DRUG CONJUGATES THEREOF
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This invention relates to peptidomimetic linkers and anti-body drug conjugates thereof, to pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and to their use in therapy for the prevention or treatment of cancer.
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Page/Page column 194
(2015/07/07)
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- Efficient synthesis of N-protected amino/peptide Weinreb amides from T3P and DBU
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The reaction of Nα-protected amino/peptide acid with N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of T3P and DBU to obtain enantiomerically pure Nα-protected amino/peptidyl Weinreb amides in high yields has been described. Fmoc-Ala-Weinreb amide 2a is obtained as single crystal, and its structure was determined through X-ray crystallography.
- Sharnabai,Nagendra,Vishwanatha,Sureshbabu, Vommina V.
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p. 478 - 482
(2013/02/23)
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- Peptide fragment coupling using a continuous-flow photochemical rearrangement of nitrones
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Go with the flow: A general approach for amide bond formation by way of a continuous-flow photochemical rearrangement of nitrones was described (see scheme). Simple aryl-alkyl amide bonds as well as complex peptide bonds were constructed efficiently with a residence time less than 20minutes. A tetrapeptide was synthesized in this way and the method could be applied to peptide fragment coupling. Copyright
- Zhang, Yuan,Blackman, Melissa L.,Leduc, Andrew B.,Jamison, Timothy F.
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supporting information
p. 4251 - 4255
(2013/05/08)
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- Three-step synthesis of cyclopropyl peptidomimetics
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An efficient approach to novel cyclopropyl peptidomimetics has been developed. The synthetic route involves a cyclopropanation using ethyl (dimethylsulfuranylidene)acetate (EDSA) as the key step and affords a cyclopropyl peptidomimetic core in three steps
- Dunlap, Norma,Lankford, Kevin R.,Pathiranage, Anuradha Liyana,Taylor, Jessica,Reddy, Nikhil,Gouger, Daniel,Singer, Phillip,Griffin, Kent,Reibenspies, Joseph
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 4879 - 4881
(2011/12/05)
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- Tin(ii) chloride assisted synthesis of N-protected γ-amino β-keto esters through semipinacol rearrangement
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A facile synthetic route for the preparation of N-protected γ-amino β-keto esters from amino aldehydes and ethyl diazoacetate is described. The two component coupling is facilitated by tin(ii) chloride followed by semipinacol rearrangement leading to the product in quantitative yield. The reaction is mild, instantaneous and compatible with Boc-, Fmoc- and Cbz-amino protecting groups.
- Bandyopadhyay, Anupam,Agrawal, Neha,Mali, Sachitanand M.,Jadhav, Sandip V.,Gopi, Hosahudya N.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 4855 - 4860
(2010/12/24)
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- Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a novel series of heterocyclic sulfonamide γ-secretase inhibitors
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γ-Secretase inhibitors have been shown to reduce the production of β-amyloid, a component of the plaques that are found in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. A novel series of heterocyclic sulfonamide γ-secretase inhibitors that reduce β-amyloid levels in cells is reported. Several examples of compounds within this series demonstrate a higher propensity to inhibit the processing of amyloid precursor protein compared to Notch, an alternative γ-secretase substrate.
- Pu, Jun,Kreft, Anthony F.,Aschmies, Suzan H.,Atchison, Kevin P.,Berkowitz, Joshua,Caggiano, Thomas J.,Chlenov, Micheal,Diamantidis, George,Harrison, Boyd L.,Hu, Yun,Huryn, Donna,Steven Jacobsen,Jin, Mei,Lipinski, Kerri,Lu, Peimin,Martone, Robert L.,Morris, Koi,Sonnenberg-Reines, June,Riddell, Dave R.,Sabalski, Joan,Sun, Shaiu-Ching,Wagner, Erik,Wang, Yiqun,Xu, Zheng,Zhou, Hua,Resnick, Lynn
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experimental part
p. 4708 - 4717
(2009/10/23)
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- Peptidyl α-Ketoheterocyclic Inhibitors of Human Neutrophil Elastase. 2. Effect of Varying the Heterocyclic Ring on in Vitro Potency
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A series of peptidyl α-ketoheterocycles were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro inhibition of human neutrophil elastase (HNE).Several heterocycles, including oxazoline and benzoxazole, afforded extremely potent inhibitors of HNE (1p-r) with nano
- Edwards, Philip D.,Wolanin, Donald J.,Andisik, Donald W.,Davis, Watthew W.
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- Inhibition of human leukocyte elastase (HLE) by N-substituted peptidyl trifluoromethyl ketones
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A series of tripeptides possessing trifluoromethyl or aryl ketone residues at P1 were prepared and evaluated both in vitro and in vivo as potential inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase (HLE). Tripeptides containing non naturally occurring N-substituted glycine residues at the P2-position have been demonstrated to be potent in vitro inhibitors of HLE, with IC50 values in the submicromolar range. Sterically demanding substituents on the P2- nitrogen have no detrimental effect on in vitro potency. The inhibition process presumably acts via hemiketal formation with the active site Ser195 of HLE, and is facilitated by the strongly electron withdrawing trifluoromethyl functionality. Deletion of the amino acid at the P3-subsite region affords inactive compounds. Valine is the preferred residue at the P1-position, whereas the corresponding glycine, alanine, α,α- dimethylglycine, or phenylalanine analogues are all inactive. The compounds described herein all confer a high degree of in vitro specificity when tested against representative cysteine, aspartyl, metallo, and other serine proteases. One of the most potent in vitro inhibitors is (3RS)-N-[4[[[(4- chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]amino]carbonyl]phenyl]oxomethyl]-L-valyl-N-(2,3- dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)glycine N-[3-(1,1,1-trifluoro-4-methyl-2- oxopentyl)amide (20i; BI-RA-260) (IC50 = 0.084 μM). Compound 20i was also tested in hamsters in an elastase-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EPH) model. In this model, intratracheal (it.) administration of 20i, 5 min prior to HLE challenge, effectively inhibited hemorrhage in a dose-dependent manner with an ED50 of 4.8 μg. The inhibitor 20i, 20 μg administered it. 24, 48, and 72 h prior to HLE challenge, exhibits significant inhibition against hemorrhage at all time points (97%, 64% and 49%, respectively). In a 21-day chronic model of emphysema in hamsters, 200 μg of HLE administered it. caused an elastase-induced emphysema in the lungs which can be quantitated histologically utilizing image analysis. In this assay, 20i significantly inhibited pulmonary lesions associated with septal destruction and increased alveolar spaces, when dosed at 20 μg it. 5 min prior to challenge with HLE.
- Skiles,Fuchs,Miao,Sorcek,Grozinger,Mauldin,Vitous,Mui,Jacober,Chow,Matteo,Skoog,Weldon,Possanza,Keirns,Letts,Rosenthal
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p. 641 - 662
(2007/10/02)
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