- Peptidomimetic Vinyl Heterocyclic Inhibitors of Cruzain Effect Antitrypanosomal Activity
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Cruzain, an essential cysteine protease of the parasitic protozoan, Trypanosoma cruzi, is an important drug target for Chagas disease. We describe here a new series of reversible but time-dependent inhibitors of cruzain, composed of a dipeptide scaffold appended to vinyl heterocycles meant to provide replacements for the irreversible reactive "warheads" of vinyl sulfone inactivators of cruzain. Peptidomimetic vinyl heterocyclic inhibitors (PVHIs) containing Cbz-Phe-Phe/homoPhe scaffolds with vinyl-2-pyrimidine, vinyl-2-pyridine, and vinyl-2-(N-methyl)-pyridine groups conferred reversible, time-dependent inhibition of cruzain (Ki? = 0.1-0.4 μM). These cruzain inhibitors exhibited moderate to excellent selectivity versus human cathepsins B, L, and S and showed no apparent toxicity to human cells but were effective in cell cultures of Trypanosoma brucei brucei (EC50 = 1-15 μM) and eliminated T. cruzi in infected murine cardiomyoblasts (EC50 = 5-8 μM). PVHIs represent a new class of cruzain inhibitors that could progress to viable candidate compounds to treat Chagas disease and human sleeping sickness.
- Chenna, Bala C.,Li, Linfeng,Mellott, Drake M.,Zhai, Xiang,Siqueira-Neto, Jair L.,Calvet Alvarez, Claudia,Bernatchez, Jean A.,Desormeaux, Emily,Alvarez Hernandez, Elizabeth,Gomez, Jana,McKerrow, James H.,Cruz-Reyes, Jorge,Meek, Thomas D.
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- THIAZOLYLMETHYLENETRIPHENYLPHOSPHORANE AND ITS BENZO DERIVATIVE: STABLE AND PRACTICAL WITTIG REAGENTS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF VINYLTHIAZOLES AND VINYLBENZOTHIAZOLES. TWO-CARBON HOMOLOGATION OF ALDEHYDES.
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The title thiazolyl phosphorane is a stable yet quite reactive Wittig-type reagent which uppon reaction with various aldehydes affords vinylthiazoles, mainly or exclusively as E-isomers, in very good yields.Also the benzothiazolyl phosphorane derivative, unlike a literature report, prove to react with aldehydes.Vinylthyazoles subjected to formyl deblocking from thiazole nucleous afford two-carbon homologated satured aldehydes.As an example, one of these vinylthiazoles, viz. the β-phenyl derivative 8f, proves to add n-butyl lithium cuprate to give after the formyl deblocking 3-phenylheptanal.
- Dondoni, Alessandro,Fantin, Giancarlo,Fogagnolo, Marco,Medici, Alessandro,Pedrini, Paola
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p. 2021 - 2032
(2007/10/02)
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