- Halogenation reactions in biodegradable solvent: Efficient bromination of substituted 1-aminoanthra-9,10-quinone in deep eutectic solvent (choline chloride:urea)
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A simple ammonium deep eutectic solvent was used as a dual catalyst and environmentally benign reaction medium for the bromination of 1-aminoanthra-9,10-quinone, eliminating the need for volatile organic solvents and concentrated acids like H2SO4 as solvents or catalysts. This simple ammonium deep eutectic solvent, easily synthesized from choline chloride and urea, is relatively inexpensive and biodegradable, making it applicable for industrial applications. The deep eutectic solvent was easily separated and reused without loss of activity, and thus provides a good alternative for industrial bromination of 1-aminoanthra-9,10-quinone.
- Phadtare, Sunanda Balaso,Shankarling, Ganapati Subray
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- COLORED CHARGED SILSESQUIOXANES
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The present invention provides compounds of Formula (1A), wherein Formula (II) is Formula (III) and Formula (1B) wherein Formula (IV) is Formula (V) and electrophoretic devices comprising the compounds of formula (1A) or (1B).
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Paragraph 0830; 0832; 0833-0834
(2018/02/10)
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- CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ALKOXYLATION OF HALOGENO-6-OXO-6H-ANTHRAISOXAZOLES
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The alkylation of 6-oxo-6H-anthraisoxazoles containing a chlorine or bromine atom at position 3 and also a bromine at position 5 takes place with substitution of the halogen or hydrogen, depending on the structure of the alkoxide ion and the type of halogen.
- Es'kin, A. P.,Gornostaev, L. M.,Zeibert, G. F.,Bogdanchikov, G. A.,El'tsov, A. V.
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p. 162 - 167
(2007/10/02)
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- Process for the preparation of 1-amino-2-bromo-4-hydroxyanthraquinone
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1-Amino-2-bromo-4-hydroxyanthraquinone is obtained in good yields and in an environmentally acceptable manner by bromination of 1-aminoanthraquinone in 2 to 5 times the quantity by weight of 80 to 98% strength sulphuric acid and using 1.1-1.5 mole of bromine under elevated pressure.
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- Process for the preparation of a mixture of 1-amino-2-chloro-4-hydroxyanthraquinone and 1-amino-2-bromo-4-hydroxyanthraquinone
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A process for the preparation of a mixture of 1-amino-2-chloro-4-hydroxyanthraquinone and 1-amino-2-bromo-4-hydroxyanthraquinone, which mixture contains a high proportion of 1-amino-2-chloro-4-hydroxyanthraquinone, by chlorinating and brominating 1-aminoanthraquinone and reacting the intermediate so obtained with concentrated or fuming sulfuric acid.
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- Process for the preparation of aromatic hydroxy compounds
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The invention relates to a process for the preparation of aromatic hydroxy compounds, starting from the corresponding halogenated aromatic compounds and replacing the halogen atom or atoms by the hydroxyl group. The process comprises converting the halogenated aromatic compound into the hydroxy compound by treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid, with the addition of an aldehyde and at elevated temperature. The aromatic hydroxy compounds are used as intermediates, for example for the manufacture of disperse and vat dyes.
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- TRANSFORMATIONS OF 1-AZIDOANTHRAQUINONES AND ANTHRAISOXAZOL-6-ONES IN SULFURIC ACID
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When treated with sulfuric acid, 1-azido-4-bromoanthraquinones and 5-bromoanthraquinones and 5-bromoanthraisoxazol-6-ones are converted into 1-amino-4-hydroxyanthraquinones.The reaction is accompanied by the migration of bromine to position 2 or 3 of the final amine.
- Sakilidi, V. T.,Gornostaev, L. M.
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p. 939 - 942
(2007/10/02)
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- Process for producing anthraquinone intermediates
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1-Amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone, which can be hydrolyzed to produce 1-amino-2-bromo-4-hydroxyanthraquinone which is an intermediate for the production of dyes, is produced by bromination of 1-aminoanthraquinone in a concentrated sulfuric acid at a temperature of 50° to 150° C.
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- Process for the reductive removal of halogen atoms from anthraquinones
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A process for the reductive removal of halogen atoms from amino-, acylamino- or hydroxyanthraquinones, said halogen atoms being bonded in the α-position and/or ortho-position to amino, acylamino or hydroxyl groups, which comprises carrying out the reductive removal in basic medium with hydrazine or hydrazine derivatives.
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- Manufacture of 1-amino-2-bromo-4-hydroxyanthraquinone
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In a process for the manufacture of 1-amino-2-bromo-4-hydroxyanthraquinone by hydroxylating previously prepared and isolated 1-amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone in sulfuric acid in the presence of boric acid at from 110° to 130° C., the improvememt that 1-aminoanthraquinone is brominated (from 1.5 to 2.1 moles of bromine per mole) in sulfuric acid of from 50 to 85 percent strength at from 80° to 130° C., the reaction mixture is brought to a concentration of from 96 percent strength sulfuric acid to 5 percent strength oleum by adding oleum; and the dibromo compound is then hydroxylated in the presence of boric acid. Very pure 1-amino-2-bromo-4-hydroxyanthraquinone, which can be used for all purposes, is obtained in a high yield.
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- Process for the preparation of 1-amino-2-bromo-4-hydroxyanthraquinone
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A process for preparing 1-amino-2-bromo-4-hydroxyanthraquinone by bromination of 1-aminoanthraquinone to 1-amino-2, 4-dibromoanthraquinone and subsequent hydroxylation (debromohydroxylation) of the resulting bromination product.
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