- Targeting interleukin-4 to the arthritic joint
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Anti-inflammatory cytokines are a promising class of therapeutics for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but their use is currently limited by a rapid clearance and systemic toxicity. Interleukin-4 is a small cytokine with potential for RA therapy. To increase its pharmacokinetic features, we engineered a murine IL4 conjugate by incorporating an unnatural amino acid through genetic code expansion to which PEG-folate, as a targeting moiety and PEG alone as control, were site-specifically bound. Both IL4 conjugates retained bioactivity and induced primary murine macrophage polarization into an alternatively activated (M2) related phenotype. The PEGylated conjugates had a terminal half-life of about four hours in healthy mice compared to unPEGylated IL4 (0.76 h). We showed that both conjugates successfully accumulated into arthritic joints in an antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) mouse model, as assessed by non-invasive fluorescence imaging. The modular nature of the IL4 conjugate chemistry presented herein facilitates easy adaption of PEG chain length and targeting moieties for further improvement of half-life and targeting function for future efficacy studies.
- Dawson, Janet,Ebersbach, Hilmar,Lühmann, Tessa,Littlewood-Evans, Amanda,Ludwig, Marie-Gabrielle,Müller, Thomas D.,Meinel, Lorenz,Raschig, Martina,Safina, Caterina,Seuwen, Klaus,Spieler, Valerie,Tigani, Bruno,ter Mors, Bj?rn
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- METHODS OF PREPARING N6-((2-AZIDOETHOXY)CARBONYL)LYSINE
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Disclosed herein are methods of preparing N6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)lysine, N6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)-L-lysine, and N6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)-D-lysine. Also disclosed herein are the compounds tert-butyl N2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-N6-((2-chloroethoxy)carbonyl)-L-lysinate and tertbutyl N6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)-N2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-lysinate, and uses thereof.
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- MUTANT VIRUS, PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF
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The present invention relates to a mutated virus. Said virus can be an influenza virus of human or other animal origin. The present invention also relates to a method for preparing the mutated virus, the method comprising introducing UAG codons into positions upstream of the stop codons per se of one or more genes of a viral genome by reverse genetic techniques. The present invention further relates to uses of the mutated virus, for example, as a live attenuated vaccine, or in replication of controllable and safe virus models, and the like.
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Paragraph 0161; 0165
(2020/09/09)
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- Click strategies for single-molecule protein fluorescence
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Single-molecule methods have matured into central tools for studies in biology. Foerster resonance energy transfer (FRET) techniques, in particular, have been widely applied to study biomolecular structure and dynamics. The major bottleneck for a facile and general application of these studies arises from the need to label biological samples site-specifically with suitable fluorescent dyes. In this work, we present an optimized strategy combining click chemistry and the genetic encoding of unnatural amino acids (UAAs) to overcome this limitation for proteins. We performed a systematic study with a variety of clickable UAAs and explored their potential for high-resolution single-molecule FRET (smFRET). We determined all parameters that are essential for successful single-molecule studies, such as accessibility of the probes, expression yield of proteins, and quantitative labeling. Our multiparameter fluorescence analysis allowed us to gain new insights into the effects and photophysical properties of fluorescent dyes linked to various UAAs for smFRET measurements. This led us to determine that, from the extended tool set that we now present, genetically encoding propargyllysine has major advantages for state-of-the-art measurements compared to other UAAs. Using this optimized system, we present a biocompatible one-step dual-labeling strategy of the regulatory protein RanBP3 with full labeling position freedom. Our technique allowed us then to determine that the region encompassing two FxFG repeat sequences adopts a disordered but collapsed state. RanBP3 serves here as a prototypical protein that, due to its multiple cysteines, size, and partially disordered structure, is not readily accessible to any of the typical structure determination techniques such as smFRET, NMR, and X-ray crystallography.
- Milles, Sigrid,Tyagi, Swati,Banterle, Niccolo,Koehler, Christine,Vandelinder, Virginia,Plass, Tilman,Neal, Adrian P.,Lemke, Edward A.
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p. 5187 - 5195
(2012/05/20)
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