- Pathway-directed screen for inhibitors of the bacterial cell elongation machinery
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New antibiotics are needed to combat the growing problem of resistant bacterial infections. An attractive avenue toward the discovery of such next-generation therapies is to identify novel inhibitors of clinically validated targets, like cell wall biogenesis. We have therefore developed a pathway-directed whole-cell screen for small molecules that block the activity of the Rod system of Escherichia coli. This conserved multiprotein complex is required for cell elongation and the morphogenesis of rod-shaped bacteria. It is composed of cell wall synthases and membrane proteins of unknown function that are organized by filaments of the actin-like MreB protein. Our screen takes advantage of the conditional essentiality of the Rod system and the ability of the beta-lactam mecillinam (also known as amdinocillin) to cause a toxic malfunctioning of the machinery. Rod system inhibitors can therefore be identified as molecules that promote growth in the presence of mecillinam under conditions permissive for the growth of Rod– cells. A screen of 690,000 compounds identified 1,300 compounds that were active against E. coli. Pathway-directed screening of a majority of this subset of compounds for Rod inhibitors successfully identified eight analogs of the MreB antagonist A22. Further characterization of the A22 analogs identified showed that their antibiotic activity under conditions where the Rod system is essential was strongly correlated with their ability to suppress mecillinam toxicity. This result combined with those from additional biological studies reinforce the notion that A22-like molecules are relatively specific for MreB and suggest that the lipoprotein transport factor LolA is unlikely to be a physiologically relevant target as previously proposed.
- Buss, Jackson A.,Baidin, Vadim,Welsh, Michael A.,Flores-Kim, Josué,Cho, Hongbaek,McKay Wood,Uehara, Tsuyoshi,Walker, Suzanne,Kahne, Daniel,Bernhardta, Thomas G.
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Read Online
- Structure–activity relationship and biological evaluation of berberine derivatives as PCSK9 down-regulating agents
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Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a secreted protein and its deficiency markedly enhanced the survival rate of patient with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Forty berberine (BBR) derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their activities on down-regulating the transcription of PCSK9 in HepG2 cells, taking BBR as the lead. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis revealed that 2,3-dimethoxy moiety might be beneficial for activity. Among them, 9k displayed the most potent activity with IC50 value of 9.5 ± 0.5 μM, better than that of BBR. Also, it significantly decreased PCSK9 protein level at cellular level, as well as in the liver and serum of mice in vivo. Furthermore, 9k markedly increased LDLR expression and LDL-C clearance via down-regulating PCSK9 protein. The mechanism of action of 9k is targeting HNF1α and/or Sp1 cluster modulation upstream of PCSK9, a different one from BBR. Therefore, 9k might have the potential to be a novel PCSK9 transcriptional inhibitor for the treatment of atherosclerosis, worthy for further investigation.
- Fan, Tian-Yun,Yang, Yu-Xin,Zeng, Qing-Xuan,Wang, Xue-Lei,Wei, Wei,Guo, Xi-Xi,Zhao, Li-Ping,Song, Dan-Qing,Wang, Yan-Xiang,Wang, Li,Hong, Bin
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- Synthesis and Functional Characterization of 2-(2,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)ethanamine (25H-NBF) Positional Isomers
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Serotonergic psychedelics, substances exerting their pharmacological action through activation of the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR), have continuously comprised a substantial fraction of the over 1000 reported New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) so far. Within this category, N-benzyl derived phenethylamines, such as NBOMes and NBFs, have shown to be of particular relevance. As these substances remain incompletely characterized, this study aimed at synthesizing positional isomers of 25H-NBF, with two methoxy groups placed on different positions of the phenyl group of the phenethylamine moiety. These isomers were then functionally characterized in an in vitro bioassay monitoring the recruitment of β-Arrestin 2 to the 5-HT2AR through luminescent readout via the NanoBiT technology. The obtained results provide insight into the optimal substitution pattern of the phenyl group of the phenethylamine moiety of N-benzyl derived substances, a feature so far mostly explored in the phenethylamines underived at the N-position. In the employed bioassay, the most potent substances were 24H-NBF (EC50 value of 158 nM), 26H-NBF (397 nM), and 25H-NBF (448 nM), with 23H-NBF, 35H-NBF, and 34H-NBF yielding μM EC50 values. A similar ranking was obtained for the compounds' efficacy: Taking as a reference LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), 24H-, 26H-, and 25H-NBF had an efficacy of 106-107%, followed by 23H-NBF (96.1%), 34H-NBF (75.2%), and 35H-NBF (58.9%). The stronger activity of 24H-, 25H-, and 26H-NBF emphasizes the important role of the methoxy group at position 2 of the phenethylamine moiety for the in vitro functionality of NBF substances.
- Pottie, Eline,Kupriyanova, Olga V.,Shevyrin, Vadim A.,Stove, Christophe P.
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p. 1667 - 1673
(2021/05/31)
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- Preparation method of dopamine hydrochloride
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The invention provides a method which comprises the following steps: taking veratraldehyde as a starting raw material, firstly carrying out condensation reaction with nitromethane to generate 3, 4-dimethoxy-beta-nitrostyrolene, carrying out catalytic reduction to obtain 3, 4-dimethoxy phenylethylamine, carrying out reaction with hydrobromic acid to remove methoxy, and finally salifying with hydrochloric acid to obtain dopamine hydrochloride. The preparation method has the advantages of cheap and easily available initial raw materials, simple process, no high-temperature and high-pressure steps, low cost, high purity and high yield, and is suitable for industrial production.
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- Synthesis of Functionalized Indolines and Dihydrobenzofurans by Iron and Copper Catalyzed Aryl C-N and C-O Bond Formation
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A simple and effective one-pot, two-step intramolecular aryl C-N and C-O bond forming process for the preparation of a wide range of benzo-fused heterocyclic scaffolds using iron and copper catalysis is described. Activated aryl rings were subjected to a highly regioselective, iron(III) triflimide-catalyzed iodination, followed by a copper(I)-catalyzed intramolecular N-or O-arylation step leading to indolines, dihydrobenzofurans, and six-membered analogues. The general applicability and functional group tolerance of this method were exemplified by the total synthesis of the neolignan natural product, (+)-obtusafuran. DFT calculations using Fukui functions were also performed, providing a molecular orbital rationale for the highly regioselective arene iodination process.
- Henry, Martyn C.,Senn, Hans Martin,Sutherland, Andrew
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p. 346 - 364
(2019/01/08)
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- Enantioselective synthesis and anti-parasitic properties of aporphine natural products
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Chagas disease and visceral leishmaniasis are neglected protozoan diseases with significant impact in developing countries. Due to the limited number and toxicity of current therapies, new drug leads are urgently needed. In this work, four aporphine natural products were synthesized using an enantioselective, modular and convergent strategy, comprising eight steps in the longest linear sequence; key steps included Bischler-Napieralski cyclization/Noyori asymmetric reduction to construct the tetrahydroisoquinolines, and palladium-catalyzed arylation to close the C ring. Norglaucine, nordicentrine and dicentrine showed promising bioactivity against T. cruzi and L. infantum, suggesting potential for further development of these scaffolds as antiparasitic agents.
- Amaral, Maiara,Anderson, Edward A.,McHugh, Eliza,Pieper, Pauline,Tempone, Andre G.
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- Novel total syntheses of oxoaporphine alkaloids enabled by mild Cu-catalyzed tandem oxidation/aromatization of 1-Bn-DHIQs
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Novel total syntheses of oxoaporphine alkaloids such as liriodenine, dicentrinone, cassameridine, lysicamine, oxoglaucine and O-methylmoschatoline were developed. The key step of these total syntheses is Cu-catalyzed conversion of 1-benzyl-3,4-dihydro-isoquinolines (1-Bn-DHIQs) to 1-benzoyl-isoquinolines (1-Bz-IQs) via tandem oxidation/aromatization. This novel Cu-catalyzed conversion has been studied in detail, and was successfully used for constructing the 1-Bz-IQ core.
- Zheng, Bo,Qu, Hui-Ya,Meng, Tian-Zhuo,Lu, Xia,Zheng, Jie,He, Yun-Gang,Fan, Qi-Qi,Shi, Xiao-Xin
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p. 28997 - 29007
(2018/08/29)
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- Green synthesis technology of rotundine sulfate
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The invention provides a green synthesis technology of rotundine sulfate. The green synthesis technology comprises the following steps: firstly, taking pyrocatechol as a starting reactant, and carrying out esterification, acylation and nitration; then carrying out deoxygenation reduction to obtain 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine; then carrying out condensation on the obtained 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine and 2,3-dimethoxy benzaldehyde and reducing to obtain (3,4-dimethoxy)phenethyl(2,3-dimethoxy)benzylamine; finally, carrying out cyclization, reduction and sulfation on the obtained (3,4-dimethoxy)phenethyl(2,3-dimethoxy)benzylamine, so as to obtain finished-product rotundine sulfate. The invention develops a full-synthesis technology taking the pyrocatechol as a raw material, and provides an environment-friendly, low-cost and high-yield green synthesis technology for synthesizing the rotundine sulfate.
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- Asymmetric total synthesis of tetrahydroprotoberberine derivatives and evaluation of their binding affinities at dopamine receptors
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Cocaine addiction remains a serious challenge for clinical and medical research because there is no effective pharmacological treatment. L-THP, a natural product isolated from Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang, is one of the most frequently used traditional herbs to treat drug addiction in China. Our laboratory first reported that its demethylated metabolites L-ICP, L-CD, and L-CP had high affinity at dopamine D1, D2, and D5 receptors. Here we report the chemical synthesis of these metabolites and other derivatives and their binding affinities at dopamine receptors. The synthesis of these bioactive metabolites will allow further in vivo study of their potential in treating cocaine addiction.
- Lee, David Y.W.,Liu, Jing,Zhang, Shuzhen,Huang, Peng,Liu-Chen, Lee-Yuan
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p. 1437 - 1440
(2017/03/08)
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- FE NANOPARTICLES WITH PPM CONTENTS OF PD, CU AND/OR NI, REACTIONS IN WATER CATALYZED BY THEM
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The present application discloses a nanoparticle composition prepared from a mixture comprising: a) a transition metal salt; b) an iron salt; and c) a reducing agent; and methods for the use of such compositions, including the reduction of an organic compound comprising a nitro group to form an organic compound comprising an amine group, the Cu-catalyzed cyclization of an azide and an alkyne (click chemistry) and cross coupling reactions, notably Suzuki-Miyaura reactions. The transition metal salts are in particular Pd, Cu and Ni salts, the content of these metals being typically in the ppm range based on the major constituent Fe in the final products.
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Paragraph 0084; 0101
(2017/07/14)
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- Production technology of 3,4-dimethoxy phenethylamine
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A production technology of 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine is disclosed, and characterized by using 3,4-dihydroxybenzyl chloride and dimethyl sulfate as raw materials; performing an etherification reaction to generate 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl chloride in the presence of sodium hydrate; performing an cyanation reaction on the 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl chloride and a cyanide compound to generate 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl cyanide; cooling the 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl cyanide in propanone for crystallization to obtain 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl cyanide crystals; subjecting 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl cyanide to catalytic ammoniation and hydrogenation in a solvent to generate 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine; and performing reduced-pressure distillation on the product obtained after ammoniation and hydrogenation to obtain an qualified product of 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine. The overall product yield is 86% or higher.
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- Therapeutic use of benzylidene tetrahydropyridine derivatives
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The invention belongs to the technical field of pharmaceutical and relates to therapeutic use of benzylidene tetrahydropyridine derivatives, specifically use of berberine derivatives for resisting diabetes, reducing blood fat and cholesterol, and treating cardiovascular diseases, particularly use of resisting diabetes.
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- Selective hydrogenation of nitriles to primary amines catalyzed by a novel iron complex
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Hydrogenation of nitriles to primary amines constitutes an atom-efficient and environmentally benign synthetic reaction. Herein we present a novel complex based on earth-abundant iron, and its application in the catalytic homogeneous hydrogenation of (hetero)aromatic, benzylic, and aliphatic nitriles to selectively form primary amines.
- Chakraborty, Subrata,Leitus, Gregory,Milstein, David
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supporting information
p. 1812 - 1815
(2016/02/05)
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- Safe and Selective Nitro Group Reductions Catalyzed by Sustainable and Recyclable Fe/ppm Pd Nanoparticles in Water at Room Temperature
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As a result of a unique synergy between ligand-free Fe/ppm Pd nanoparticles and PEG-containing designer surfactants, a facile and selective reduction of nitro-containing aromatics and heteroaromatics can be effected in water at room temperature in the presence of NaBH4. This new nanotechnology involves low catalyst loadings, is highly chemoselective, and tolerates a wide variety of functional groups. The process, which includes recycling of the entire aqueous medium, offers a general, environmentally responsible, and notably safe approach to highly valued reductions of nitro-containing compounds.
- Feng, Jie,Handa, Sachin,Gallou, Fabrice,Lipshutz, Bruce H.
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supporting information
p. 8979 - 8983
(2016/07/26)
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- Designing new analogs for streamlining the structure of cytotoxic lamellarin natural products
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Despite the therapeutic potential of marine-derived lamellarin natural products, their preclinical development has been hampered by their lipophilic nature, causing very poor aqueous solubility. In order to develop more drug-like analogs, their structure was streamlined in this study from both the cytotoxic activity and lipophilicity standpoints. First, a modified total synthetic route was successfully devised to construct a library of 59 systematically designed lamellarin analogs, which were then subjected to cytotoxicity and log P determinations. Along with the 25 first-generation lamellarins previously synthesized in our laboratory, the structure-activity and structure-lipophilicity relationships were extensively evaluated. Our results clearly indicated the additional structural requirements around the lamellarin skeleton which, when combined with those reported previously, can provide invaluable guidance for further modifications to increase the aqueous solubility of these compounds.
- Tangdenpaisal, Kassrin,Worayuthakarn, Rattana,Karnkla, Supatra,Ploypradith, Poonsakdi,Intachote, Pakamas,Sengsai, Suchada,Saimanee, Busakorn,Ruchirawat, Somsak,Chittchang, Montakarn
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p. 925 - 937
(2015/03/31)
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- Selective Hydrogenation of Nitriles to Primary Amines Catalyzed by a Cobalt Pincer Complex
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The catalytic hydrogenation of nitriles to primary amines represents an atom-efficient and environmentally benign reduction methodology in organic chemistry. This has been accomplished in recent years mainly with precious-metal-based catalysts, with a single exception. Here we report the first homogeneous Co-catalyzed hydrogenation of nitriles to primary amines. Several (hetero)aromatic, benzylic, and aliphatic nitriles undergo hydrogenation to the corresponding primary amines in good to excellent yields under the reaction conditions.
- Mukherjee, Arup,Srimani, Dipankar,Chakraborty, Subrata,Ben-David, Yehoshoa,Milstein, David
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supporting information
p. 8888 - 8891
(2015/08/03)
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- Synthesis of bis-Tetrahydroisoquinolines Based on Homoveratrylamine and Several Dibasic Acids. 4. Reaction with Malonic and Succinic Acids
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Bischler-Napieralski cyclization of amides synthesized from homoveratrylamine and malonic and succinic acids produced N-(3,4-dimethoxy-β-phenylethyl)-succinimide, 1,1-bis-(6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)methane, cleavage products, and several intermediates, the structures of which were confirmed using IR and NMR spectral data and x-ray crystal structure analysis.
- Saidov,Turgunov,Levkovich,Vinogradova
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p. 316 - 319
(2016/01/12)
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- 17a-HYDROXYLASE/C17,20-LYASE INHIBITORS
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The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, A and n are as defined herein. A deuteriated derivative of the compound of Formula (I) is also provided.
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Paragraph 0694
(2014/03/21)
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- CuI-catalyzed coupling of gem-dibromovinylanilides and sulfonamides: An efficient method for the synthesis of 2-amidoindoles and indolo[1,2-a] quinazolines
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A Cu(I)-catalyzed, intermolecular protocol for the synthesis of 2-amidoindoles and tetrahydroindolo[1,2-a]quinazolines in shorter time and high yields is reported. The key highlight of this disclosure is the formation of 2-amidoindole and tetrahydroindolo[1,2-a]quinazoline moieties directly from gem-dibromovinylanilides and sulfonamides in a one-pot fashion through the in situ formation of ynamides followed by a base-promoted intramolecular hydroamidation.
- Kiruthika, Selvarangam E.,Perumal, Paramasivan Thirumalai
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p. 484 - 487
(2014/04/03)
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- Asymmetric total synthesis and identification of tetrahydroprotoberberine derivatives as new antipsychotic agents possessing a dopamine D1, D2 and serotonin 5-HT1A multi-action profile
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An effective and rapid method for the microwave-assisted preparation of the key intermediate for the total synthesis of tetrahydroprotoberberines (THPBs) including l-stepholidine (l-SPD) was developed. Thirty-one THPB derivatives with diverse substituents on A and D ring were synthesized, and their binding affinity to dopamine D1, D2 and serotonin 5-HT 1A and 5-HT2A receptors were determined. Compounds 18k and 18m were identified as partial agonists at the D1 receptor with Ki values of 50 and 6.3 nM, while both compounds act as D2 receptor antagonists (Ki = 305 and 145 nM, respectively) and 5-HT1A receptor full agonists (Ki = 149 and 908 nM, respectively). These two THPBs compounds exerted antipsychotic actions in animal models. Further electrophysiological studies employing single-unit recording in intact animals demonstrated that 18k-excited dopaminergic (DA) neurons are associated with its 5-HT1A receptor agonistic activity. These results suggest that these two compounds targeted to multiple neurotransmitter receptors may present novel lead drugs with new pharmacological profiles for the treatment of schizophrenia.
- Sun, Haifeng,Zhu, Liyuan,Yang, Huicui,Qian, Wangke,Guo, Lin,Zhou, Shengbin,Gao, Bo,Li, Zeng,Zhou, Yu,Jiang, Hualiang,Chen, Kaixian,Zhen, Xuechu,Liu, Hong
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p. 856 - 868
(2013/03/13)
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- Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of Erythrina alkaloid analogues as neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists
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The synthesis of a new series of Erythrina alkaloid analogues and their pharmacological characterization at various nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes are described. The compounds were designed to be simplified analogues of aromatic erythrinanes with the aim of obtaining subtype-selective antagonists for the nAChRs and thereby probe the potential of using these natural products as scaffolds for further ligand optimization. The most selective and potent nAChR ligand to come from the series, 6,7-dimethoxy-2- methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (3c) (also a natural product by the name of O-methylcorypalline), displayed submicromolar binding affinity toward the α4β2 nAChR with more than 300-fold selectivity over α4β4, α3β4, and α7. Furthermore, this lead structure (which also has inhibitory activity at monoamine oxidases A and B and at the serotonin and norepinephrine transporters) showed antidepressant-like effect in the mouse forced swim test at 30 mg/kg.
- Crestey, Fran?ois,Jensen, Anders A.,Borch, Morten,Andreasen, Jesper Tobias,Andersen, Jacob,Balle, Thomas,Kristensen, Jesper Langgaard
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p. 9673 - 9682
(2014/01/06)
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- Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of novel tetrahydroprotoberberine derivatives: Selective inhibitors of dopamine D 1 receptor
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A series of new tetrahydroprotoberberine (THPB) derivatives were designed, synthesized, and tested for their binding affinity towards dopamine (D 1 and D2) and serotonin (5-HT1A and 5-HT 2A) receptors. Many of the THPB compounds exhibited high binding affinity and activity at the dopamine D1 receptor, as well as high selectivity for the D1 receptor over the D2, 5-HT 1A, and 5-HT2A receptors. Among these, compound 19c exhibited a promising D1 receptor binding affinity (Ki = 2.53 nM) and remarkable selectivity versus D2R (inhibition = 81.87%), 5-HT1AR (inhibition = 61.70%), and 5-HT2AR (inhibition = 24.96%). Compared with l-(S)-stepholidine (l-SPD) (D1 Ki = 6.23 nM, D2 Ki = 56.17 nM), compound 19c showed better binding affinity for the D1 receptor (2.5-fold higher) and excellent D2/D1 selectivity. Functional assays found compounds 18j, 18k, and 19c are pure D1 receptor antagonists. These results indicate that removing the C10 hydroxy group and introducing a methoxy group at C11 of the pharmacophore of l-SPD can reverse the function of THPB compounds at the D1 receptor. These results are in accord with molecular docking studies.
- Qian, Wangke,Lu, Weijian,Sun, Haifeng,Li, Zeng,Zhu, Liyuan,Zhao, Rui,Zhang, Lei,Zhou, Shengbin,Zhou, Yu,Jiang, Hualiang,Zhen, Xuechu,Liu, Hong
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p. 4862 - 4871
(2012/09/05)
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- C-H functionalization of tertiary amines by cross dehydrogenative coupling reactions: Solvent-free synthesis of α-aminonitriles and β-nitroamines under aerobic condition
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A solvent-free synthesis of α-aminonitriles and β-nitroamines by oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling under aerobic condition is reported. A catalytic amount of molybdenum(vi) acetylacetonoate was found to catalyze cyanation of tertiary amines to form α-aminonitriles, whereas vanadium pentoxide was found to promote aza-Henry reaction to furnish β-nitroamines. Both of these environmentally benign reactions are performed in the absence of solvents using molecular oxygen as an oxidant.
- Alagiri, Kaliyamoorthy,Prabhu, Kandikere Ramaiah
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 835 - 842
(2012/02/05)
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- Molybdenum trioxide catalyzed oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling of benzylic sp3 C-H bonds: Synthesis of α-aminophosphonates under aerobic conditions
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Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) catalyzed efficient oxidative cross-dehydrogenative-coupling (CDC) method for C-H functionalization of N-aryl tetrahydroisoquinolines has been explored. This user-friendly method of synthesizing α-aminophosphonates employs 1.1 equiv of dialkyl-H- phosphonate under aerobic condition. Formation of new C-P bonds from unfunctionalized starting materials under environmentally benign conditions provides an excellent avenue for the synthesis of biologically active α-aminophosphonates.
- Alagiri, Kaliyamoorthy,Devadig, Pradeep,Prabhu, Kandikere R.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1456 - 1459
(2012/04/04)
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- 17α-HYDROXYLASE/C17,20-LYASE INHIBITORS
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The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, A and n are as defined herein. A deuteriated derivative of the compound of Formula (I) is also provided.
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Page/Page column 106
(2012/04/04)
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- Drug metabolism-based design, synthesis, and bioactivities of 1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamino)propane hydrochloride (DDPH) analogs as α1-adrenoceptors antagonists
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1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamino)propane hydrochloride (DDPH) is a potent α1-adrenoceptor antagonist that is currently under Phase II clinic trials. However, the fast metabolism has restricted its further use. In this paper, 11 DDPH analogs were designed according to the probable metabolism pathways of DDPH, and featured the structures of halogen, methyl, and cyano groups at the 3-, or 4-position of aromatic ring A to block the hydroxylation, and one hydroxyl group at the 3-, or 4-position of aromatic ring B to extend the duration time. These compounds were synthesized in moderate to good yields from the reductive amination of substituted phenoxyacetones with substituted phenylethylamines, and fully characterized with 1H NMR, IR, and HRMS. Biological evaluation indicated that most of the compounds exhibited strong blocking and moderate to good antihypertensive activities. It is clear that the compounds having 4-OH/3-OMe on group B exhibited higher blocking activities and longer duration time than their corresponding analogs having 4-OMe/3-OMe (and also 3-OH/4-OMe). Among them, compound 13 having bromo group at the 4-position of ring A and 4-OH/3-OMe on group B, exhibited the highest blocking activity, whereas compound 17 that had a methyl group at the 4-position of ring A and a hydroxyl group at the 4-position of ring B, was more active than potent DDPH in terms of both blocking and antihypertensive activities. In addition, the possible correlations between the blocking and antihypertensive activities are also briefly discussed.
- Xi, Bao-Min,Jiang, Zhen-Zhou,Zou, Jian-Wei,Ni, Pei-Zhou,Chen, Wen-Hua
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scheme or table
p. 783 - 788
(2011/03/19)
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- An oxidative cross-dehydrogenative-coupling reaction in water using molecular oxygen as the oxidant: Vanadium catalyzed indolation of tetrahydroisoquinolines
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An aerobic oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction between sp3 C-H and sp2 C-H bonds is developed by employing a vanadium catalyst (10 mol%) in an aqueous medium using molecular oxygen as the oxidant. This environmentally benign strategy exhibits larger substrate scope and shows high regioselectivity.
- Alagiri, Kaliyamoorthy,Kumara, Guralamatta Siddappa Ravi,Prabhu, Kandikere Ramaiah
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 11787 - 11789
(2011/11/29)
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- Palladium-catalyzed cyanomethylation of aryl halides through domino Suzuki coupling-isoxazole fragmentation
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A one-pot protocol for the cyanomethylation of aryl halides through a palladium-catalyzed reaction with isoxazole-4-boronic acid pinacol ester was developed. Mechanistically, the reaction proceeds through (1) Suzuki coupling, (2) base-induced fragmentation, and (3) deformylation as shown by characterization of all postulated intermediates. Under optimized conditions (PdCl2dppf, KF, DMSO/H2O, 130 °C) a broad spectrum of aryl bromides could be converted into arylacetonitriles with up to 88% yield.
- Velcicky, Juraj,Soicke, Arne,Steiner, Roland,Schmalz, Hans-Guenther
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 6948 - 6951
(2011/06/19)
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- Novel hybrids from lamellarin D and combretastatin A 4 as cytotoxic agents
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A new series of hybrids of lamellarin D and combretastatin A 4, 1,2-diphenyl-5,6-dihydropyrrolo [2,1-a] isoquinolines, were designed as cytotoxic agents based on principles of combination in medicinal chemistry and taking the parent compounds' different anti-proliferative mechanisms into consideration. Twenty-two novel hybrids were synthesized through a convenient route, with a key step of core pyrrole formation and evaluated for their anti-proliferative activities in vitro against K-562, A-549, SMMC-7721, SGC-7901 and HCT-116 cancer cell lines. The results showed that some hybrids had good anti-proliferative activities in low IC50 ranges.
- Shen, Li,Yang, Xiaochun,Yang, Bo,He, Qiaojun,Hu, Yongzhou
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experimental part
p. 11 - 18
(2010/03/03)
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- Total synthesis of (±)-armepavines and (±)-nuciferines from (2-nitroethenyl)benzene derivatives
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A concise route to armepavine 1 and nuciferine 2 and 3, which can be isolated from the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera (Nymphaceae), has been achieved in which the longest linear sequence is only six steps from commercially available benzaldehyde in 28%, 21%, and 20% overall yield, respectively. The key transformations in the synthesis are the radical cyclization of aryl bromide with Bu3SnH and the Pictet-Spengler reaction of N-substituted amine with aldehyde. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Chang, Chia-Fu,Huang, Chu-Yun,Huang, Yu-Chao,Lin, Kuan-Yu,Lee, Yean-Jang,Wang, Chau-Jong
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experimental part
p. 3452 - 3466
(2011/02/22)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of berberine analogues as novel up-regulators for both low-density-lipoprotein receptor and insulin receptor
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Berberine (BBR) is a natural compound with up-regulating activity on both low-density-lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and insulin receptor (InsR). This one-drug-multiple-target characteristic might be suitable for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. In searching for up-regulators effective for both LDLR and InsR expression, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis for BBR analogues was done. Fourteen BBR analogues were designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated. SAR analysis revealed that appropriate modifications on the phenyl ring A or D of BBR might retain the up-regulatory activities on the expression of both LDLR and InsR. Among these compounds, compound 13a bearing 9-methoxy and 10-hydroxyl on the ring D showed promising activities on either LDLR or InsR gene expression. The 10-hydroxyl of 13a could be an arm to connect proper chemical groups for optimizing drug-bioavailability in vivo. Thus, 13a could be considered to be a parent compound to make pro-drugs for either blood lipids or glucose.
- Wang, Yan-Xiang,Wang, Yu-Ping,Zhang, Hao,Kong, Wei-Jia,Li, Ying-Hong,Liu, Fei,Gao, Rong-Mei,Liu, Ting,Jiang, Jian-Dong,Song, Dan-Qing
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scheme or table
p. 6004 - 6008
(2010/06/16)
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- A very mild access to 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines using triphenyl phosphite-bromine-mediated bischler-napieralski-type cyclization
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Substituted β-phenylethylamides undergo smooth intramolecular cyclization to 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines in good to excellent yields when treated with bromotriphenoxyphosphonium bromide at -60°C in dichloromethane in the presence of triethylamine. The reaction proceeds under the mildest conditions ever reported for Bischler-Napieralski-type cyclizations. When chlorotriphenoxyphosphonium choride is used, low yields are obtained instead. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Vaccari, Daniele,Davoli, Paolo,Ori, Claudia,Spaggiari, Alberto,Prati, Fabio
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experimental part
p. 2807 - 2810
(2009/05/07)
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- Unprecedented SnCl2-mediated cyclization of nitro arenes via N-N bond formation
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A mild, efficient, one-pot protocol for the cyclization of nitro-aryl substrates using SnCl2 has been described. The mechanistic course of the reaction suggests the involvement of a hydroxylamine intermediate leading to an intramolecular cyclization via N-N bond formation. The versatility of the methodology has been demonstrated by using two nitro-aryl substrates derived from dihydroisoquinolines and dihydro-β-carbolines. The intramolecular cyclization led to the formation of indazoles in high yields and purities.
- Sawant, Devesh,Kumar, Rishi,Maulik, Prakas R.,Kundu, Bijoy
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p. 1525 - 1528
(2007/10/03)
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- The palladium-catalyzed preparation of condensed tetracyclic heterocycles and their application to the synthesis of rac-mangochinine
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Dihydroisoquinoline derivatives and their analogues, prepared by the Bischler-Napieralsky reaction, were converted to their indole-fused derivatives. Scope and limitations of the palladium-catalyzed reaction, proceeding through the tautomeric enamine forms of these compounds, were studied and the process was extended to the preparation of racemic mangochinine. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Vincze, Zoltan,Biro, A. Beatrix,Csekei, Marton,Timari, Geza,Kotschy, Andras
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p. 1375 - 1385
(2007/10/03)
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- Structure-based approach to falcipain-2 inhibitors: Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,6,7-Trisubstituted dihydroisoquinolines and isoquinolines
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1,4,7-Trisubstituted isoquinolines were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their inhibition against Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease falcipain-2. The 1-benzyloxyphenyl-dihydroisoquinoline and -isoquinoline derivatives were found to exhibit better activity against falcipain-2 than their corresponding 1-hydroxyphenyl or 1-methoxyphenyl analogues. The docking scores correlate with the IC50 values of compounds and give a high coefficient correlation of 0.94.
- Batra, Sanjay,Sabnis, Yogesh A.,Rosenthal, Philip J.,Avery, Mitchell A.
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p. 2293 - 2299
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of protoberberines using a silyl-directed Pictet-Spengler cyclization
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Five naturally-occurring protoberberines have been synthesized in enantioenriched form by alkylation by two different 2-trimethylsilylbenzyl chlorides of four tetrahydroisoquinolines, derivatized with Meyers' formamidine valinol methyl ether chiral auxiliary. Silyl-directed Pictet-Spengler cyclization of the ensuing 3,4-dimethoxy-2-trimethylsilylbenzyl tetrahydroisoquinolines leads to four of the target protoberberines in excellent yield and complete regioselectivity. In the fifth case, the 3,4-methylenedioxy analog gives a mixture of protoberberine and a product of ring closure at C6 of the benzyl moiety in a 3:4 ratio.
- Cutter, Paul S,Miller, R.Bryan,Schore, Neil E
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p. 1471 - 1478
(2007/10/03)
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- The influence of substitution at aromatic part of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline on in vitro and in vivo 5-HT1A/5-HT2A receptor activities of its 1-adamantoyloaminoalkyl derivatives
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Further structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies with the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) class of 5-HT1A ligands led to the synthesis of new 1-adamantoyloaminoalkyl derivatives. The impact of substituent variations in the aromatic part of THIQ moiety on 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor affinities, as well as in vivo functional properties of the investigated compounds were discussed. It was found that modification reduced the binding affinity for 5-HT1A receptors (in comparison with unsubstituted THIQ derivatives); however, the majority of new compounds still remained potent 5-HT1A ligands (Ki = 4.9-46 nM) and most of them showed features of partial agonists of postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors. At the same time, their 5-HT2A receptor affinity was slightly increased (Ki = 40-1475 nM), which resulted in a loss of 5-HT2A/5-HT1A selectivity. 5-Br,8-OCH3 derivative - the most potent, mixed 5-HT1A/5-HT2A ligand - produced activation of presynaptic 5-HT1A receptors and showed properties of a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist. Copyright
- Bojarski, Andrzej J,Mokrosz, Maria J,Minol, Sijka Charakchieva,Koziol, Aneta,Wesolowska, Anna,Tatarczynska, Ewa,Klodzinska, Aleksandra,Chojnacka-Wojcik, Ewa
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- A mild deprotection of trichloroethyl carbamates using indium metal
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The trichloroethoxycarbonyl moiety was efficiently removed from carbamates to furnish the corresponding amines using indium metal in good to excellent yields.
- Mineno, Tomoko,Choi, Seoung-Ryoung,Avery, Mitchell A.
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p. 883 - 886
(2007/10/03)
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- 2-aminobenzoxazole derivatives and combinatorial libraries thereof
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The present invention relates to novel 2-aminobenzoxazole derivative compounds of the following formula: wherein R1 to R4 and Z have the meanings provided herein. The invention further relates to combinatorial libraries containing two or more such compounds, as well as methods of preparing 2-aminobenzoxazole derivative compounds.
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- Pictet-Spengler condensation of N-sulfonyl-β-phenethylamines with α- chloro-α-phenylselenoesters. New synthesis of 1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-1-carboxylates
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The reaction of N-sulfonyl-β-phenethylamines with α-chloro-a- phenylseleno acetate/propionate esters under Lewis acid promotion gives moderate to good yields of the corresponding 1,2,3, 4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-1-carboxylates. Varying degrees of diastereoselection were obtained using chiral sulfonamides and/or esters. Employing this strategy, the achievement of a new total synthesis of Calycotomine is reported.
- Silveira, Claudio C.,Bernardi, Carmem R.,Braga, Antonio L.,Kaufman, Teodoro S.
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p. 4969 - 4972
(2007/10/03)
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- Trapping of iminiums by the indole nucleus during catalytic hydrogenation of nitriles: A rapid synthesis of tetrahydro-β-carbolines
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Reductive self-condensation of indole acetonitrile upon catalytic hydrogenation over Pd·C in acetic acid yielded 1-(3-indolylmethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline. Hydrogenating 3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetonitrile failed to give tetrahydropapaverine, but a cross reaction between indole acetonitrile and 3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetonitrile allowed isolation of 1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline, which was otherwise prepared (76%) by catalytic hydrogenation of a mixture of tryptamine and 3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetonitrile. Besides an easy access to the yohimbane skeleton, the reaction opens the way to a useful general synthesis of tetrahydro-β-carbolines.
- Diker, Khalid
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p. 2497 - 2500
(2007/10/02)
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- Intramolecular Acylolysis of Amide Derivatives of Kemp's Triacid: Strain Effects and Reaction Rates
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Intramolecular acylolysis of comparable secondary and tertiary amide derivatives of Kemp's triacid, 4, and its cis,trans isomer 5 has been examined.For both triacids, the tertiary amide derivatives undergo acylolysis about 1000 times faster than the corresponding secondary amide.Also, amide derivatives of Kemp's triacid undergo acylolysis about 100 times faster than the corresponding amide derivatives of the cis,trans isomer.Thus, acylolysis rates spanning a range of nearly 1E6 are observed.It is proposed that the large rate difference between secondary and tertiary amides in these molecules results from greater pseudoallylic (pseudo-A1,3) strain associated with the tertiary amides.It also is proposed that the slower acylolysis rates observed with amide derivatives of the cis,trans isomer of Kemp's triacid result from greater 1,3-diaxial strain associated with acylolysis of these compounds.The data show that both the structure of the triacid and the structure of the amide have a direct effect on the acylolysis rate.Because previous studies only focused on the structure of the triacid, the proposal that intramolecular acylolysis of amide derivatives of Kemp's triacid is a useful model system for studying enzyme catalysis (Menger, F.M.; Ladika, M.J.Am.Chem.Soc. 1988, 110, 6794.Menger, F.M.Biochemistry 1992, 31, 5368) is reexamined.
- Curran, Timothy P.,Borysenko, Christopher W.,Abelleira, Susan M.,Messier, Renee J.
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p. 3522 - 3529
(2007/10/02)
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- Process for the preparation of (8As,12AS,13AS)-decahydroisoquino ((2,1-G) (1,6)-naphthyridin-8-one derivatives
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The invention provides a process for preparing single enantiomers of compounds represented by the formula: STR1 and chiral acid addition salts thereof; wherein: X and Y are independently hydrogen; lower alkyl; lower alkoxy; or halo; or X and Y taken together is methylenedioxy or ethylene-1,2-dioxy; which includes reduction of a compound represented by the formula: STR2 to give a mixture of stereoisomers represented by the formula: STR3 wherein each wavy line independently represents a bond in either the α or β position; followed by dissolving the mixture of stereoisomers and a chiral resolving acid in a suitable solvent and allowing the solution to crystallize, giving a salt of the desired enantiomer.
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- Retro Aza Diels-Alder Reactions of 2-Azanorbornenes: Improved Methods for the Unmasking of Primary Amines
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The unmasking of primary amines via the heterocycloreversion of N-alkyl-2-azanorbornenes can be catalyzed by either copper(II) or a sulfonic acid based ion exchange resin which obviates the necessity of employing a reactive dienophile to trap the cyclopentadiene as it is produced.
- Grieco, Paul A.,Clark, Jerry D.
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p. 2271 - 2272
(2007/10/02)
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- Imidolactones, IV: N-(2-Phenylethyl)-hexahydroisochromane-1-imines
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The aminolysis of cis-hexahydroisochromane-2-one (cis-2) with the 2-phenylethylamines 1 can be regulated in such a way that mainly the cis- or mainly the trans-δ-hydroxyamides 3 result.These compounds react with SOCl2 to the corresponding isochromane-1-imines 4 (not isolable in our case), the structure of which is proofed by hydrolysis to 1 and 2, as well as by preparative reaction to the δ-chloroamides 5 and by reduction to the δ-aminoalcoholes 6.All reactions of 3 and of 4 proceed with retention of the configuration.
- Meise, Werner,Mika, Ulrike
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p. 573 - 578
(2007/10/02)
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- AMIDES FROM ZANTHOXYLUM RUBESCENS
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The stem bark of Zanthoxylum rubescens has furnished two new amides identified as N-methyl,N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylethyl)-3',4'-dimethoxycinnamamide (rubemamide) and N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylethyl)-3,4'-dimethoxycinnamamide (rubemamin).Two other novel amides, N-methyl,N-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenylethyl)-3',4'-methylenedioxycinnamamide (dioxamide) and N-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenylethyl)-3',4'-methylene dioxycinnamamide (dioxamin) were isolated from the roots.The structural assignments of these amides were confirmed by synthesis.Both the root and stem barks furnished the known aromatic amide, N-methyl,N-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenylethyl)-cinnamamide (zanthomamide).In addition, lupeol and arnottianamide were isolated and characterized from the roots. - Key Word Index - Zanthoxylum rubescens; Rutaceae; stem bark; rubemamin; rubemamide; dioxamin; dioxamide; zanthomamide; arnottianamide; lupeol; unsaturated aromatic amides; pungent principles; synthesis.
- Adesina, Simeon K.,Reisch, Johannes
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p. 839 - 842
(2007/10/02)
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