- The Photochemistry of Phenylsulphamic Acid: Photorearrangement and Photodegradation
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Photolysis of the sodium salt of phenylsulphamic acid (1,Na) yields the isomeric aniline sulphonic acids (2)-(4) and aniline (5); the involvement of an intramolecular radical rearrangement and two triplet states in the photoreaction are supported.
- Lally, John M.,Spillane, William J.
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- Acid-resistant catalysis without use of noble metals: Carbon nitride with underlying nickel
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A nanocomposite able to function as a hydrogenation catalyst under strongly acidic conditions without the presence of noble metals is synthesized and thoroughly studied. This specially designed catalyst possesses a unique structure composed of carbon nitride (CN) with underlying nickel, in which the nickel endows the CN with new active sites for hydrogen adsorption and activation while it itself is physically isolated from the reactive environment and protected from poisoning or loss. The CN is inert for hydrogenation without the help of nickel. The catalyst shows good performance for hydrogenation of nitro compounds under strong acidic conditions, including the one-step hydrogenation of nitrobenzene in 1.5 M H2SO4 to produce p-amoniophenol, for which the acid in the reaction system has restricted the catalyst only to noble metals in previous studies. Further characterization has demonstrated that the nickel in the catalyst is in an electron-deficient state because some of its electron has been donated to CN (HRTEM, PES); thus, the hydrogen can be directly adsorbed and activated by the CN (HD exchange, in situ IR and NMR). With this structure, the active nickel is protected by inert CN from the corrosion of acid, and the inert CN is activated by the nickel for catalytic hydrogenation. The assembly of them gives a new catalyst that is effective and stable for hydrogenation even under a strongly acidic environment.
- Fu, Teng,Wang, Meng,Cai, Weimeng,Cui, Yuming,Gao, Fei,Peng, Luming,Chen, Wei,Ding, Weiping
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Read Online
- Synthetic method for organic synthesis intermediate metanilic acid
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The invention relates to a synthetic method for organic synthesis intermediate metanilic acid. The method mainly comprises the following steps: adding 2 mol of 3-methylaniline, 3-4 mol of a sulfuric acid solution and 10-13 g of aluminum oxide powder into a reaction vessel, raising the solution temperature to 40-45 DEG C, controlling a stirring speed to be 90-110 rpm, performing stirring for 90-110min, raising the solution temperature to 70-80 DEG C, performing reflux for 30-40 min, performing washing by using a potassium bromide solution, performing washing by using a cyclohexane solution, performing washing by using a butanone solution, performing dehydration by using a dehydrating agent, and performing recrystallization in an isopropanol solution to obtain the crystal metanilic acid.
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Paragraph 0011; 0013; 0014; 015
(2018/09/08)
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- Cu-α-NiMoO4 photocatalyst for degradation of Methylene blue with pathways and antibacterial performance
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Cu doped α-NiMoO4 photocatalyst has been synthesized by microwave hydrothermal method. The existence of Cu2+ ions at lattice position of α-NiMoO4 was observed on the basis of XRD, HRTEM, SAED, and EDS analysis. The negative zeta potential values indicate the stability of samples. Solar light driven photocatalytic degradation of Methylene blue (MB) dye in water was used to evaluate the photocatalytic performance of Cu doped α-NiMoO4 photocatalyst. The results revealed that there is an optimum Cu (4 mol%) doping level leads to highly enhanced photocatalytic activity of Cu-α-NiMoO4, as compared to α-NiMoO4 host. The experiment also suggested that active species (OH[rad], O2[rad]? and h+) play a crucial role in the scavenging system. The reduced energy band gap, oxygen vacancy, high BET surface area, and efficient separation of photogenerated electron/hole are responsible for enhancement of photocatalytic performance. MB photodegradation intermediates were identified by high resolution-quadruple time of flight electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-QTOF ESI/MS) in positive ion mode and degradation pathway was proposed. Antibacterial performance was analyzed against Gram-positive (methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus Subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) via well-diffusion method. The formation of larger inhibition zone by small quantity of photocatalyst powder proved the excellent antibacterial performance. The inactivation of microorganism were found in following order: B.Subtilis ? S.aureus ? P.aeruginosa. The result of our study suggested that copper doped α-NiMoO4 photocatalyst is suitable for degradation of organic contaminates as well as effective for growth inhibition of multidrug-resistant microorganisms.
- Ray, Schindra Kumar,Dhakal, Dipesh,Kshetri, Yuwaraj K.,Lee, Soo Wohn
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- A catalytic hydrogenation process for preparation of metanilic acid
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Belonging to the field of fine chemical industry, the invention in particular relates to a method for preparation of m-aminobenzenesulfonic acid by catalytic hydrogenation. The method includes: taking sodium m-nitrobenzene sulfonate as the raw material, adding water for dissolving, boiling the mixture by activated carbon, conducting hot filtration, adjusting the pH value of the filtrate to 7.5-8.5 by a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, employing Pt-Ru/C as a catalyst to perform hydrogenation reduction for preparation of m-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, ending the hydrogenation reduction reaction when the hydrogen pressure no longer changes, filtering out the Pt-Ru/C catalyst at the end of the reaction, firstly washing the catalyst by ethanol, then carrying out washing recycling, with the recycled catalyst being able to be applied over 50 times and still having a conversion rate and selectivity up to 99%; and subjecting the obtained filtrate to acid precipitation to pH of 2, thus obtaining a white crystal, i.e. the target product m-aminobenzenesulfonic acid. The method provided by the invention lowers the catalyst cost, improves the utilization rate of equipment, and also overcomes the problems of pollution and energy consumption in the regeneration process of the catalyst.
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Paragraph 0021; 0022
(2017/02/09)
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- Asymmetric dioxazine compounds and method for dyeing or printing fiber materials using the same
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An asymmetric dioxazine compound represented by the following formula (I) in the free acid form: STR1 wherein A1 and A2 independently of one another are each sulfo, halo, alkyl or alkoxy, X1 and X2 independently of one another are each hydrogen, halo, alkyl, alkoxy or phenoxy, R1 is hydrogen or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, R2 and R3 independently of one another are each hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, halo or unsubstituted or substituted amino, Z is a fiber-reactive group, m and n independently of one another are each 0 or 1, provided that mn, and L is 1 or 2. This compound is suitable for dyeing and printing cellulose fiber, natural and synthetic polyamide fibers, polyurethane fiber, leather and the like and mixed yarns thereof, to obtain dyed or printed products of a color fast to light, wetness and chlorine with superior build-up and level dyeing properties.
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- Asymmetric dioxazine compounds and method for dyeing or printing fiber materials using the same
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An asymmetric dioxazine compound represented by the following formula (I) in the free acid form: STR1 wherein A1 and A2 independently of one another are each sulfo, halo, alkyl or alkoxy, W is an unsubstituted or substituted aliphatic or aromatic bridging group, X1 and X2 independently of one another are each hydrogen, halo, alkyl, alkoxy or phenoxy, R1 and R2 independently of one another are each hydrogen or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, R3 and R4 independently of one another are each hydrogen, halo, alkyl, alkoxy or unsubstituted or substituted amino, Z is a fiber-reactive group, m and n independently of one another are each 0 or 1, provided that m≠n, and l is 1 or 2. This compound is suitable for dyeing and printing cellulose fiber, natural and synthetic polyamide fibers, polyrethane fiber, leather and the like and mixed yarns thereof, to obtain dyed or printed products of a color fast to light, wetness and chlorine with superior build-up and level dyeing properties.
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- Process for the preparation of aminoarylsulphonic acids
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In the process according to the invention for the preparation of aminoarylsulphonic acids by catalytic hydrogenation of nitroarylsulphonic acids, a substantial increase in the space-time yield in combination with reduced consumption of the catalyst is achieved by dispersing the hydrogen more finely and by limiting according to the invention the concentration of the nitroarylsulphonic acids to be hydrogenated.
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- The Photochemistry of para-Substituted Phenylsulphamates - Photo-Fries Rearrangements
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The photolysis (254 nm) of a series of para-substituted phenylsulphamates, XC6H4NHSO3Na in degassed methanolic solutions has been examined.For 1a and 1b photo-Fries type rearrangements to sulphonic acids and photodegradation to anilines have been observed.The halogenosulphamates 1c-1e do not rearrange but degrade to anilines and are photosolvolysed to p-methoxyphenylsulphamic acid.No notable spectral changes took place during the irradiation of 1f over relatively long period.Substrate concentration studies, radical scavenging and sensitization and quenching experiments on 1b indicate that, as previously found for 1a, its photolysis involves an intramolecular radical mechanism with the participation of two triplet states.
- Lally, John M.,Spillane, William J.
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p. 803 - 807
(2007/10/02)
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- ISOMERIC TRANSFORMATIONS OF AMINOSULFONIC ACIDS OF THE BENZENE SERIES IN MIXTURES OF SULFURIC AND ACETIC ACIDS
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The isomerization rate of aminosulfonic acids in anhydrous binary mixtures of sulfuric and acetic acids is lower than in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions but higher than in 100percent sulfuric acid.This is explained by the differences in the structure and activity of the proton carriers during desulfonation.The rate of transformation of the labile isomers into the meta isomers increases with increase in the acidity of the medium, and this is due to the increase in the resulfonation rate of the protonating molecules of the amines formed during the desulfonation of the aminosulfonic acids.The effect of mercuric sulfate on the isomeric transformations of aminosulfonic acids is explained by the mercuration of the protonated molecules of the amines, which takes place at higher rates than their sulfonation and leads to the formation of the meta-mercury derivatives of the amines.The latter are than converted into the m-aminosulfonic acids by the action of concentrated sulfuric acid.
- Khelevin, R. N.
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p. 132 - 137
(2007/10/02)
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- Alkanol substituted disazo orange dye for nylon
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The specification describes a new group of alkanol substituted disazo compounds that are useful in dyeing polyamide textile fibers in orange hues. The new compounds are compatible with several acid blue dyes and several acid red dyes that are commercially important as dyes for nylon. The new compounds are particularly well suited for use as the "yellow" component in trichromatic systems for dying polyamide carpeting and other textiles. The new compounds are relatively inexpensive to make and have outstanding application and fastness properties. Other aspects of the specification are concerned with a method of making the new compounds and with a method of dyeing polyamides with said compounds and to the novel dyed polyamides resulting from the use of the new group of compounds as dyes.
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- Solid phase acylation of aminosulfonic acids
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This invention is directed to the acylation of aminosulfonic acids in the solid phase. Two discrete, sequential chemical reactions occur, i.e. (1) the neutralization of the aminosulfonic acid, and (2) the subsequent amine acylation, to produce an improved neutralized acyl-aminosulfonic acid at a reduced cost. Aminosulfonic acids having the general formula HO3 S-A-NH2 are acylated to neutralized acyl-aminosulfonic acids having the general formula RCONH-A-SO3 M, where A is an unsubstituted or substituted aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic group and M is a neutralizing agent moiety. The yield is virtually quantitative.
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- Water-soluble dyestuffs containing fibre-reactive groups of the vinylsulfone series and the fluoro-s-triazinyl-amino series
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Water-soluble fibre-reactive dyestuffs containing one or two fibre-reactive groups of the vinylsulfone series and one or two fibre-reactive groups of the fluoro-s-triazinyl-amino series. These dyestuffs can be applied on fibre materials containing hydroxy and/or carbonamide groups by known application and fixation techniques for fibre-reactive dyes to yield deep and fast dyeings on these materials.
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- Fiber-reactive disazo brown dye having vinylsulfone-type reactive group
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A compound, or a salt thereof, represented by the following formula, STR1 wherein A is a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene or naphthylene group, B is STR2 in which R3 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, acylamino or ureido group, and R4 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl or lower alkoxy group, R1 and R3 are independently a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl group, X is a substituted or unsubstituted amino, lower alkoxy, substituted phenoxy or sulfo group, Y is --SO2 CH=CH2 or --SO2 CH2 CH2 Z, in which Z is a group capable of being split by the action of an alkali, and m is 2 or 3, which is useful for dyeing hydroxyl group- or amide group-containing fiber materials to give dyed products of a brown color having excellent fastness properties with good build-up property.
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- Pyridone monoazo compound having vinylsulfone type fiber-reactive group
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A monoazo compound, or a salt thereof, of the formula, STR1 wherein W is a hydrogen atom or a carbamoyl group, R1 is a lower alkyl group, R2 and R3 are independently a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, A is an unsubstituted or substituted phenylene or naphthylene group, Y is --SO2 CH=CH2 or --SO2 CH2 CH2 Z, in which Z is a group capable of being split by the action of an alkali, and X is an aromatic or aliphatic group substituted with one or two members selected from sulfonic acid group and carboxylic acid group, which is useful for dyeing fiber materials to give dyed products of a characteristic yellow color excellent in various fastness properties.
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- Process for dyeing and printing fiber materials containing hydroxy and/or carbonamide groups with reactive dye containing both vinyl sulphonyl and fluoro-triazinyl groups
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A process for dyeing or printing fiber materials containing hydroxy and/or carbonamide groups, in which process a fiber-reactive, water-soluble dyestuff of the type defined below is applied to the fiber material and is then fixed on the fiber material at an ordinary or elevated temperature, if appropriate in the presence of agents having an alkaline reaction. This water-soluble dyestuff, which contains at least one sulfonic acid group, contains one or more groupings belonging to the group comprising the formulae (1a), (1b) and (1c) (in which Hal represents a halogen atom and A represents the acyloxy radical of a monobasic or polybasic acid) and also contains, linked to it, a 6-fluoro-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino radical, this monofluorotriazinylamino radical containing, in the 4-position, a substituent which is not an N-phenylamino or N-naphthylamino substituent having a group belonging to the above-mentioned formulae (1) attached to the optionally substituted phenyl radical or optionally substituted naphthyl radical, and is also not an amino substituent containing an azo group. Dyestuffs of this type can belong to a very wide variety of classes of dyestuffs and can be both metal-free dyestuffs and metal complex dyestuffs. With the aid of these dyestuffs and using alkaline agents, this dyeing process produces deep dyeings and prints which have good fastness properties on these fiber materials, even at low temperatures.
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- Fibre-reactive dyes, containing both chloro and fluoro triazine radicals
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Fibre-reactive dyes of the formula STR1 wherein D is the radical of a benzene or naphthalene azo dye which contains sulpho groups, each of R1, R2 and R3 is a hydrogen atom, B is an arylene group and A is an amino group.
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- ISOMERIZATION OF AMINOSULFONIC ACIDS OF THE BENZENE SERIES IN THE PRESENCE OF MERCURIC SULFATE
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The isomerization of aminosulfonic acids of the benzene series in 85, 90, and 95percent sulfuric acid at 180, 190, and 200 deg C in the presence of mercuric sulfate was investigated.Mercuric sulfate accelerates the isomerization of ortho- and para-aminosulfonic acids of the benzene series to the meta isomers.Here the para aminosulfonic acids are converted irreversibly into the meta-aminosulfonic acids.The ortho isomers initially form a mixture of the meta and para isomers.Subsequently the para isomers are converted into the kintically more stable meta isomers.The effective rate constants for the isomerization of the aminosulfonic acids and also the activation energies were calculated.The effect of mercuric sulfate on the isomerization of the aminosulfonic acid is explained by the mercuration of the protonated arylamines, which takes place at higher rates compared with the sulfonation rates.The meta-mercurated derivatives are converted by the action of concentrated sulfuric acid into meta-aminobenzenesulfonic acids.
- Khelevin, R.N.
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p. 720 - 725
(2007/10/02)
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- KINETIC OF THE SULFONATION OF AMINES OF THE BENZENE SERIES WITH SULFURIC ACID
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The kinetics of the sulfonation of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines of the benzene series with 80-99.7percent sulfuric acid were investigated.It was shown that the unprotonated and protonated forms of the amines, which are present in equilibrium, undergo sulfonation.The effective reaction rate constants and the activation energies for the sulfonation of the unprotonated and protonated molecules of the amines were calculated.The reaction mechanism and the structure of the transition state are discussed.
- Khelevin, R. N.
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p. 339 - 347
(2007/10/02)
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- FORMATION OF ANILINE MONOSULFONIC ACIDS
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The isomeric composition of the sulfonation mixtures during the sulfonation of aniline sulfate with oleum under various conditions varies in relation to the acidity of the sulfonating agent; mixtures with increased contents of metanilic acid are formed during sulfonation with oleum containing tetrabisulfatoboric acid.The sulfonation rate increases with increase in the acidity of the sulfonating agent, and this provides evidence for the mechanism of sulfonation with the participation of the HSO3(1+) and H3S2O7(1+) ions as electrophiles.
- Khelevin, R. N.
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p. 112 - 116
(2007/10/02)
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- MECHANISM OF THE SULFONATION OF AROMATIC AMINES BY SULFURIC ACID AT HIGH TEMPERATURES
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The kinetics of the rearrangement of unsubstituted and N-substituted phenylammonium hydrogen sulfates to the corresponding aminosulfonic acids of the benzene series were studied.The isomeric composition of the reaction products formed during the sulfonation of amines of the benzene series by various amounts of 100percent H2SO4 was also studied.The rearrangement is described by a second-order kinetic equation.Its effective rate constant at various temperatures and the activation energies were calculated.It is suggested that the sulfonation of aromatic amines by an equimolar amount of sulfuric acid at high temperatures takes place through the dissociation of the arylammonium hydrogen sulfates with the formation of arylamines and sulfuric acid and subsequent direct sulfonation of the arylamines by the sulfuric acid.
- Khelevin, R. N.
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p. 1173 - 1178
(2007/10/02)
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- KINETICS OF THE SULFONATION OF AMINES OF THE BENZENE SERIES BY OLEUM IN THE PRESENCE OF MERCURIC SULFATE
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Sulfonated mixtures with increased contents of the meta isomers are formed during the sulfonation of amine sulfates of the benzene series with oleum containing mercuric sulfate.The following mechanism is proposed for the sulfonation of the amines by oleum in the presence of mercuric sulfate.Two fast reactions take place initially, i.e., sulfonation of the unprotonated molecules of the amines of the benzene series and electrophilic mercuration of the protonated molecules of the amines with the formation of the meta-mercurio derivatives.Electrophilic substitution of the mercury by the sulfo group with formation of the meta-mercuric derivatives then occurs under the influence of the oleum.
- Khelevin, R. N.
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p. 1723 - 1726
(2007/10/02)
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- ISOMERIZATION OF AMINOSULFONIC ACIDS OF THE BENZENE SERIES
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The isomerization of aminosulfonic acids of the benzene series was investigated in 85, 90, and 95percent sulfuric acid at 180, 190, and 200 deg C.It was established that the transformation of the ortho and para isomers into the meta isomers takes place almost irreversibly.The effective rate constants for the isomerisation of the aminosulfonic acids and the activation energies of the reactions were calculated.It was shown that in 85-95percent sulfuric acid the protonated molecules of the aminosulfonic acids undergo hydrolysis in addition to the unprotonated molecules.
- Khelevin, R. N.
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p. 1651 - 1656
(2007/10/02)
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- Process for monoacylating water-soluble organic amino compounds
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A process for the monoacylation of water-soluble organic amino compounds with 2,4,6-trifluoro-s-triazine, which comprises introducing all reactants simultaneously and continuously in the amounts necessary for the required throughput into the reaction space and removing the resultant reaction products continuously therefrom.
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- Process for dyeing nylon with lower alkyl ether-containing diazo dyes and product thereof
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Compounds of the formula STR1 wherein A is hydrogen, lower alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, butyl or lower alkoxy, such as methoxy, ethoxy, butoxy, or chlorine; B is hydrogen, lower alkyl such as methyl, ethyl or butyl or lower alkoxy, such as methoxy, ethoxy or butoxy; B1 is lower alkoxy such as methoxy, ethoxy or butoxy; E1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, butyl or lower alkoxy such as methoxy, ethoxy or butoxy, E2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl such as methyl or ethyl, lower alkoxy such as methoxy or ethoxy; R is lower alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl and OR is either ortho or para to the azo linkage; and --SO3 H is either meta or para to A, provide yellow to scarlet dyeings of very good fastness and dyeing properties and excellent leveling characteristics on natural and synthetic polyamide fibers.
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- Barium laked phenylazonaphthalene dye containing sulfonic acid groups
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Azo dyes containing sulfonic acid groups laked with barium and derived from an anilinesulfonic acid as diazo component and a β-naphtholsulfonic acid as coupling component for example a dye of the formula STR1 The dyes are eminently suitable as pigments for coloring surface coating compositions, printing inks and particlarly resins.
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- 2'-(4,6-Disubstituted)-s-triazin-2-yl)amino-6'-dialkylamino flurans
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Fluorans useful as color precursors, particularly in the art of carbonless duplicating are normally colorless and are represented by the structural formula STR1 wherein R represents non-tertiary alkyl of one to four carbon atoms; R1 and R2 represent hydrogen or non-tertiary alkyl of one to four carbon atoms; R3 and R4 represent chlorine, NH2 or one of the groups --NR5 -(lower-alkylene)-N(R6)(R7), --NR5 -(lower-alkylene-N(R8)(R9)(R10) An, -NR5 -(lower-alkylene)-OH, -NR5 -(lower-alkylene) STR2 --NR5 -(HSO3 -C6 H4) or --O-(lower-alkylene)-N(R8)(R9) in which R5, R6 and R7 represent hydrogen or non-tertiary alkyl of one to four carbon atoms; R8 and R9 represent non-tertiary alkyl of one to four carbon atoms; R10 represents non-tertiary alkyl of one to four carbon atoms, benzyl or benzyl substituted in the benzene ring by one or two of halo or alkyl of one to three carbon atoms; and An represents an anion.
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