- Sustainable Synthesis of a Potent and Selective 5-HT7Receptor Antagonist Using a Mechanochemical Approach
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A mechanochemical procedure was developed to obtain PZ-1361, a potent and selective 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, with antidepressant properties in rodents. The elaborated protocol offered several advantages over classical batch synthesis, including improvement of the overall yield (from 34% to 64%), reduction of reaction time (from 60 to 5.5 h), limitation of the use of toxic solvents, and the formation of byproducts. This approach represents a rare example of the synthesis of biologically active compounds exclusively performed using mechanochemical reactions.
- Canale, Vittorio,Frisi, Valeria,Bantreil, Xavier,Lamaty, Frédéric,Zajdel, Pawe?
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Read Online
- Discovery of selective dopamine D4 receptor antagonists: 1-aryloxy-3-(4-aryloxypiperidinyl)-2-propanols
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High volume screening identified 3-(4-benzylpiperidinyl)- 1-naphthoxy-2-propanol as a selective dopamine D4 receptor ligand. A systematic structure-activity study revealed that the benzyl group could be replaced with phenoxy and the naphthalene with phenyl to improve potency almost tenfold. The (R) enantiomer of this compound had a D4 affinity of 2 nM and was over 100-fold weaker at dopamine D2 and D3 receptors.
- Wright, Jon L.,Gregory, Tracy F.,Heffher, Thomas G.,MacKenzie, Robert G.,Pugsley, Thomas A.,Vander Meulen, Seth,Wise, Lawrence D.
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Read Online
- A facile and efficient method for synthesis of β-iodocarboxylates from terminal epoxides
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A facile and efficient method has been developed for synthesis of β-iodocarboxylates in the presences of Ph3P/I2. Starting from epoxides, a series of β-iodocarboxylate compounds can be directly obtained in toluene media with excellent yields. Moreover, the method was successfully applied for the late-stage modification of natural products, such as isosteviol and vincamine derivatives, achieving the corresponding β-iodocarboxylates in good yields.
- Zhu, Ye-Fu,Wei, Bo-Le,Wang, Wen-Qiong,Xuan, Li-Jiang
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- Rhenium catalysed epoxidations with hydrogen peroxide: Tertiary arsines as effective cocatalysts
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Perrhenic acid in combination with tertiary arsines gives a versatile catalytic system for epoxidation of alkenes with hydrogen peroxide. The best results are obtained with diphenylmethylarsine. A wide range of alkenes could be epoxidised with aqueous hydrogen peroxide (60%) in 60-100% yields with substrate to catalyst ratios of up to 1000. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2000.
- Van Vliet, Michiel C.A.,Arenas, Isabel W.C.E.,Sheldon, Roger A.
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- A novel method for synthesis of aryl glycidyl ethers
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A solid-liquid phase-transfer catalytic method for the synthesis of aryl glycidyl ethers has been described, and the factors affecting the reaction yield have been examined.
- Liu,Chen,Cao,Li
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Read Online
- Selective epoxidation of olefins by hydrogen peroxide in water using a polyoxometalate catalyst supported on chemically modified hydrophobic mesoporous silica gel
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A new heterogeneous catalyst prepared by immobilisation of polyoxometalates on chemically modified hydrophobic mesoporous silica gel has been successfully applied to the selective epoxidation of olefins with 15% aqueous H2O2 without the use of organic solvent. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.
- Sakamoto,Pac
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Read Online
- Microwave enhanced synthesis of epoxypropoxyphenols
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Phenols were condensed with epichlorohydrin under microwave irradiation. Dramatic reduction in reaction time was observed with excellent yields.
- Khadilkar, Bhushan M.,Bendale, Pravin M.
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Read Online
- Design, Synthesis, and Structural Analysis of Cladosporin-Based Inhibitors of Malaria Parasites
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Here we have described a systematic structure activity relationship (SAR) of a set of compounds inspired from cladosporin, a tool compound that targets parasite (Plasmodium falciparum) lysyl tRNA synthetase (KRS). Four sets of analogues, synthesized based on point changes in the chemical scaffold of cladosporin and other logical modifications and hybridizations, were assessed using high throughput enzymatic and parasitic assays along with in vitro pharmacokinetics. Co-crystallization of the most potent compound in our series (CL-2) with PfKRS revealed its structural basis of enzymatic binding and potency. Further, we report that CL-2 has performed better than cladosporin in terms of metabolic stability. It thus represents a new lead for further optimization toward the development of antimalarial drugs. Collectively, along with a lead compound, the series offers insights on how even the slightest chemical modification might play an important role in enhancing or decreasing the potency of a chemical scaffold.
- Babbar, Palak,Das, Pronay,Manickam, Yogavel,Mankad, Yash,Yadav, Swati,Parvez, Suhel,Sharma, Amit,Reddy, D. Srinivasa
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p. 1777 - 1794
(2021/05/10)
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- Discovery of a Potent and Selective Chikungunya Virus Envelope Protein Inhibitor through Computer-Aided Drug Design
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The worldwide expansion of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) into tropical and subtropical areas in the last 15 years has posed a currently unmet need for vaccines and therapeutics. The E2-E1 envelope glycoprotein complex binds receptors on the host cell and promotes membrane fusion during CHIKV entry, thus constituting an attractive target for the development of antiviral drugs. In order to identify CHIKV antivirals acting through inhibition of the envelope glycoprotein complex function, our first approach was to search for amenable druggable sites within the E2-E1 heterodimer. We identified a pocket located in the interface between E2 and E1 around the fusion loop. Then, via a structure-based virtual screening approach and in vitro assay of antiviral activity, we identified compound 7 as a specific inhibitor of CHIKV. Through a lead optimization process, we obtained compound 11 that demonstrated increased antiviral activity and low cytotoxicity (EC50 1.6 μM, CC50 56.0 μM). Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out and described a possible interaction pattern of compound 11 and the E1-E2 dimer that could be useful for further optimization. As expected from target site selection, compound 11 inhibited virus internalization during CHIKV entry. In addition, virus populations resistant to compound 11 included mutation E2-P173S, which mapped to the proposed binding pocket, and second site mutation E1-Y24H. Construction of recombinant viruses showed that these mutations conferred antiviral resistance in the parental background. Finally, compound 11 presents acceptable solubility values and is chemically and enzymatically stable in different media. Altogether, these findings uncover a suitable pocket for the design of CHIKV entry inhibitors with promising antiviral activity and pharmacological profiles.
- álvarez, Diego E.,Battini, Leandro,Bollini, Mariela,Fidalgo, Daniela M.
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p. 1503 - 1518
(2021/06/28)
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- Facile microwave-assisted synthesis and antitubercular evaluation of novel aziridine derivatives
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Novel 2-(aryloxymethyl)aziridines and 2-((3-aryl-1-phenylallyloxy)methyl)aziridine derivatives were prepared via ring-opening reaction of epoxides. The synthesized derivatives were characterized by using elemental analysis (EA), FT-IR, 13C NMR, and 1H NMR. The in vitro antitubercular activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (MTB H37Rv) strain using MTT-MABA assay. All the aziridine derivatives exhibited improved persuasive antitubercular activity against MTB H37Rv in comparison with standard drugs. Among the tested compounds, 2-(naphthalene-1-yloxy) methyl aziridine (5b), 2-(naphthalene-2-yloxy)methylaziridine (5c), 2-(m-tolyloxymethyl)aziridine (5e), 2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylalloxy)methylaziridine (12b) and 2-(3-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylallyloxy)methylaziridine (12c) revealed promising activity against MTB H37Rv. Specifically, compound 5b and 12 b showed three-times more active (MIC = 0.5 μg/mL) than the standard drugs ethambutol (MIC = 1.56 μg/mL) and ciprofloxacin (MIC = 1.56 μg/mL).
- Sarojini, Perumal,Jeyachandran, Malaichamy,Sriram, Dharmarajan,Ranganathan, Palraj,Gandhimathi
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- Chemoselective Epoxidation of Allyloxybenzene by Hydrogen Peroxide Over MFI-Type Titanosilicate
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The chemoselective synthesis of 2-(phenoxymethyl)oxirane from allyloxybenzene is achieved with over 90 % yield in a sustainable reaction system using titanium-substituted silicalite-1 (TS-1) as a catalyst, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidant, and a mixture of MeOH/MeCN as a solvent at 40 °C. No acid-catalyzed side reactions prompted by the Lewis acidity of the Ti active site in TS-1 are observed. The TS-1 catalyst can also promote the formation of oxiranes from various p-substituted allyloxybenzenes in good yields. The reaction mechanism is investigated through the reaction with other allyloxy compounds. The results, which are supported by DFT calculations, indicate that an active species of Ti peroxides formed from the reaction of TS-1 with H2O2 selectively oxidizes the allyloxybenzene to 2-(phenoxymethyl)oxirane.
- Fujitani, Tadahiro,Hong, Dachao,Ito, Satoru,Ji, Xinyi,Kon, Yoshihiro,Nakashima, Takuya,Osuga, Ryota,Sato, Kazuhiko,Yokoi, Toshiyuki
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- Visible-light assisted of nano Ni/g-C3N4 with efficient photocatalytic activity and stability for selective aerobic C?H activation and epoxidation
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A selective, economical, and ecological protocol has been described for the oxidation of methyl arenes and their analogs to the corresponding carbonyl compounds and epoxidation reactions of alkenes with molecular oxygen (O2) or air as a green oxygen source, under mild reaction conditions. The nano Ni/g-C3N4 exhibited high photocatalytic activity, stability, and selectivity in the C?H activation of methyl arenes, methylene arenes, and epoxidation of various alkenes under visible- light irradiation without the use of an oxidizing agent and under base free conditions.
- Akrami, Zahra,Hosseini-Sarvari, Mona
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supporting information
(2020/10/13)
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- Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Surface and Thermal Properties and Cytotoxicity of 2-Hydroxy-3-Phenoxypropyl Imidazolium Bola-Type Gemini Amphiphiles
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A library of imidazolium-based gemini cationic bola amphiphiles was synthesized using a regioselective ring-opening reaction of glycidyl phenyl ether with imidazole under solvent-free conditions. The corresponding hexafluorophosphate (PF6?) and tetrafluoroborate (BF4?) counterion-containing amphiphiles were also synthesized and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy. The micellar and interfacial parameters like the critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface pressure at the CMC (Пcmc), surface tension at CMC (γcmc), counterion binding (β), maximum surface excess concentration (Γmax), minimum area per molecule (Amin), standard free energy of micellization (ΔG0mic) and adsorption (ΔG0ads), and Kraft temperature were evaluated using surface tension and conductometry methods in aqueous solution as well as in buffer solution. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to determine the size of the micelles formed in the aqueous solution. Cytotoxicity tests were carried out on the C6 glioma cancerous brain cell line using the MTT assay (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) to evaluate the IC50 value of all the synthesized amphiphiles. Thermal stability of these amphiphiles was also evaluated using a thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). Economic way of synthesis, moderate thermal stability, a low value of CMC, and cytotoxicity of these amphiphiles will inspire new research in the field of nanobiotechnology and pharmaceutical industries.
- Aggarwal, Rajni,Singh, Sukhprit,Saini, Vedangana,Kaur, Gurcharan
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- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel desloratadine derivatives with anti-inflammatory and H1 antagonize activities
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To improve the anti-inflammatory activity of desloratadine, we designed and synthesized a series of novel desloratadine derivatives. All compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and H1 antagonistic activities. Among them, compound 2c showed the strongest H1 antagonistic and anti-inflammatory activity. It also exhibited promising pharmacokinetic profiles and low toxicity. All these results suggest that compound 2c as a novel anti-allergic agent is worthy of further investigation.
- Li, Feng,Xu, Qinlong,Zhu, Qihua,Chu, Zhaoxing,Lin, Gaofeng,Mo, Jiajia,Zhao, Yan,Li, Jiaming,He, Guangwei,Xu, Yungen
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- Montmorillonite K10 catalyzed highly regioselective azidolysis of epoxides: A short and efficient synthesis of phenylglycine
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A series of β‐hydroxyazides were effectively synthesized from the regioselective ring opening of epoxides by sodium azide using montmorillonite K10 as a novel heterogeneous catalyst in aqueous acetonitrile in good to excellent yields. The utility of this method has been demonstrated by achieving a short synthesis of phenylglycine in 33.5% overall yield.
- Ch Ghosh, Keshab,Banerjee, Isita,Sinha, Surajit
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supporting information
p. 2923 - 2934
(2018/12/04)
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- NBS/DMSO-mediated synthesis of (2,3-dihydrobenzo[b] [1,4]oxathiin-3-yl)methanols from aryloxymethylthiiranes
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(2,3-Dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]oxathiin-3-yl)methanols were synthesized via reactions of aryloxymethylthiiranes and N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in DMSO under microwave irradiation. The reaction mechanism was proposed as an intramolecular aromatic electrophilic substitution of 1-bromo-2-(aryloxymethyl)thiiran-1-iums, generated from aryloxymethylthiiranes and NBS, and the subsequent DMSO nucleophilic ring opening reaction of thiiran-1-iums followed by the water displacement. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in the efficient preparation of (2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]oxathiin-3-yl)methanols from readily available aryloxymethylthiiranes.
- Dong, Jun,Xu, Jiaxi
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p. 9037 - 9044
(2018/06/08)
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- Preparation method of beta-carboxyl phosphate
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The invention provides a preparation method of beta-carboxyl phosphate. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out regional selective ring-opening reaction on an epoxy compound and trialkyl phosphite to generate beta-carboxyl phosphate intermediate; and then oxidizing the beta-carboxyl phosphate intermediate to obtain the beta-carboxyl phosphate. The method is gentle in reaction condition and simple and convenient to operate without protection of an anhydrous solvent and oxygen, and is suitable for large-scale production. The beta-carboxyl phosphate synthesized by the preparation method can be used as an important intermediate synthesized by various misoprostols, such as travoprost, bimatoprost and tafluprost.
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Paragraph 0086; 0087
(2017/09/01)
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- LSD1 Inhibitors
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The present invention relates to compounds that inhibit LSD1 activity. In particular, the present invention relates to compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use, such as methods of treating cancer using the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention.
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Paragraph 0312; 0313
(2017/07/14)
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- Facile synthesis of thietanes via ring expansion of thiiranes
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Thietanes are pharmaceutically important cores of some biological compounds and intermediates of organic synthesis. Various thietanes were prepared from thiiranes via ring expansion through a reaction with trimethyloxosulfonium iodide in the presence of sodium hydride. The reaction process is a nucleophilic ring-opening reaction of thiiranes with dimethyloxosulfonium methylide, generated from trimethyloxosulfonium iodide and sodium hydride, and subsequent intramolecular displacement (cyclization) of thiolates to the dimethyloxosulfonium moiety. The current method provides a new strategy for efficient preparation of thietanes from readily available thiiranes.
- Dong, Jun,Xu, Jiaxi
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p. 836 - 844
(2017/02/05)
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- Solvent-Directed Epoxide Opening with Primary Amines for the Synthesis of β-Amino Alcohols
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An efficient synthesis of β-amino alcohols from a variety of epoxides and primary unbranched amines in the absence of any catalyst in high yields and regioselectivities is reported. A variety of polar mixed solvent systems allow for the selective formation of secondary amino alcohols over tertiary amino alcohols. The reaction scope extends to a wide variety of aromatic and aliphatic substituted epoxides and primary amines bearing complex functionality.
- Lizza, Joseph R.,Moura-Letts, Gustavo
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supporting information
p. 1231 - 1242
(2017/03/11)
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- A process for preparing phenyl glycidyl ether method (by machine translation)
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A phenyl glycidyl ether synthesis method, including ring-opening reaction, ring-closing reaction, water washing, refining, to phenyl glycidyl ether thick vacuum recovering excess of epichlorohydrin, phenyl glycidyl ether to obtain the finished product, recovery of the ech directly in the next batch of recycling. The invention comprises to phenol, epoxy chloropropane as raw material, first of all in the N, N - dimethyl ethanolamine, tetrabutylammonium hydrosulfate and polyquaternary ammonium salt - 7 ternary composite catalyst under the action of the ring-opening reaction, to produce an intermediate phenyl chlorohydrin; then with the sodium hydroxide solution to the closed-loop by the reaction of the phenyl glycidyl ether. Recovery of the ech can direct the recycling; the invention has simple process, production cycle is short, the final product has high yield, high and whose small in color and the like, is easy to realize industrial. (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0018; 0019
(2017/08/25)
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- Synthesis of 2-(phenoxymethyl)oxirane derivatives through unexpected rearrangement of oxiran-2-ylmethyl benzenesulfonates
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The synthesis of 2-(phenoxymethyl)oxirane derivatives from oxiran-2-ylmethyl benzenesulfonates was developed through a base promoted rearrangement. A new C-O bond was formed along with the unexpected cleavage of C-S bond via this process. This unusual reaction was characterized with mild reaction conditions, high efficiency, and excellent functional group tolerance. A plausible reaction mechanism was proposed on the basis of experimental results and control experiments.
- Shen, Chuang,Guo, Xiang,Yu, Jun,Zeng, Xian-Guo,Peng, Li,Zhao, Chuan-Meng,Zhang, Fu-Li
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supporting information
p. 273 - 278
(2017/02/10)
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- Rhenium complex-catalyzed Meinwald rearrangement reactions of oxiranes
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The Meinwald rearrangement reaction of oxiranes to the corresponding carbonyl compounds is efficiently catalyzed by the ReBr(CO)5 complex.
- Umeda, Rui,Muraki, Masahito,Nakamura, Yuudai,Tanaka, Tomoyuki,Kamiguchi, Kyohei,Nishiyama, Yutaka
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supporting information
p. 2393 - 2395
(2017/05/29)
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- Multivariate Metal-Organic Frameworks as Multifunctional Heterogeneous Asymmetric Catalysts for Sequential Reactions
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The search for versatile heterogeneous catalysts with multiple active sites for broad asymmetric transformations has long been of great interest, but it remains a formidable synthetic challenge. Here we demonstrate that multivariate metal-organic frameworks (MTV-MOFs) can be used as an excellent platform to engineer heterogeneous catalysts featuring multiple and cooperative active sites. An isostructural series of 2-fold interpenetrated MTV-MOFs that contain up to three different chiral metallosalen catalysts was constructed and used as efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalysts for a variety of asymmetric sequential alkene epoxidation/epoxide ring-opening reactions. Interpenetration of the frameworks brings metallosalen units adjacent to each other, allowing cooperative activation, which results in improved efficiency and enantioselectivity over the sum of the individual parts. The fact that manipulation of molecular catalysts in MTV-MOFs can control the activities and selectivities would facilitate the design of novel multifunctional materials for enantioselective processes.
- Xia, Qingchun,Li, Zijian,Tan, Chunxia,Liu, Yan,Gong, Wei,Cui, Yong
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supporting information
p. 8259 - 8266
(2017/06/28)
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- Chemical modifications of lignin for the preparation of macromers containing cyclic carbonates
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An epoxidized lignin derivative was prepared directly inserting epichlorohydrin on the phenolic functionalities. The epoxidized lignin was then converted to cyclic carbonates through the coupling reaction of CO2 with the oxirane rings. Imidazolium based ionic liquids, acting as both solvents and catalysts, were successfully employed in the carbonation reaction. Moreover, the ionic liquid was reused up to three times without significant loss in activity. Finally, an exhaustive spectroscopic characterization was carried out on the epoxidized and carbonated lignins by quantitative 31P and 13C NMR analyses.
- Salanti, Anika,Zoia, Luca,Orlandi, Marco
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p. 4063 - 4072
(2016/07/21)
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- From insertion to multicomponent coupling: Temperature dependent reactions of arynes with aliphatic alcohols
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The temperature dependent selectivity switch in the reaction of arynes with aliphatic alcohols in THF has been reported. At -20°C, arynes smoothly insert into the O-H bond of alcohols to form alkyl aryl ethers. Interestingly, at 60°C, a highly selective multicomponent coupling occurs with the solvent THF acting as the nucleophilic trigger affording (4-(alkoxy)butoxy)arenes.
- Thangaraj, Manikandan,Bhojgude, Sachin Suresh,Mane, Manoj V.,Biju, Akkattu T.
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supporting information
p. 1665 - 1668
(2016/01/30)
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- Continuous and convergent access to vicinyl amino alcohols
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Five active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) containing the vicinyl amino alcohol moiety were synthesized using a convergent chemical assembly system. The continuous system is composed of four flow reaction modules: biphasic oxidation, Corey-Chaykovsky epoxidation, phenol alkylation, and epoxide aminolysis. Judicious choice of reagents and module order allowed for two classes of β-amino alcohols, aryl and aryloxy, to be synthesized in good (27-69%) overall yields.
- Nobuta, Tomoya,Xiao, Guozhi,Ghislieri, Diego,Gilmore, Kerry,Seeberger, Peter H.
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p. 15133 - 15136
(2015/10/12)
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- Hydroxy-directed, fluoride-catalyzed epoxide hydrosilylation for the synthesis of 1,4-diols
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Abstract A novel highly regioselective, fluoride-catalyzed hydrosilylation of β-hydroxy epoxides has been developed. The reaction is modular and applicable to the synthesis of a broad range of 1,4-diols. Fluoride is crucial for two reasons: First, it promotes the formation of a silyl ether (which contains a Si-H bond) and, second, it enables ring opening by an intramolecular SN2 reaction through activation of the silane. The reaction can be performed under air. A modular, convergent, and stereoselective synthesis of 1,4-diols by epoxide hydrosilylation has been developed (see scheme). The reaction occurs under fluoride catalysis, is high yielding, highly regioselective, and can be carried out on a large scale.
- Zhang, Yong-Qiang,Funken, Nico,Winterscheid, Peter,Gans?uer, Andreas
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supporting information
p. 6931 - 6934
(2015/06/08)
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- Discovery of (phenoxy-2-hydroxypropyl)piperidines as a novel class of voltage-gated sodium channel 1.7 inhibitors
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A novel class of NaV1.7 inhibitors has been identified by high-throughput screening followed by structure activity relationship studies. Among this series of compounds, piperidine 9o showed potent human and mouse NaV1.7 inhibitory activities with fair subtype selectivity over NaV1.5. Compound 9o successfully demonstrated analgesic efficacy in mice comparable to that of the currently used drug, mexiletine, but with an expanded central nervous system safety margin.
- Suzuki, Sayaka,Kuroda, Takeshi,Kimoto, Hiroko,Domon, Yuki,Kubota, Kazufumi,Kitano, Yutaka,Yokoyama, Tomihisa,Shimizugawa, Akiko,Sugita, Ryusuke,Koishi, Ryuta,Asano, Daigo,Tamaki, Kazuhiko,Shinozuka, Tsuyoshi,Kobayashi, Hiroyuki
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p. 5419 - 5423
(2015/11/09)
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- Synthesis, radiolabeling and in vivo evaluation of [11C](R)-1- [4-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl]-3-(2-pyrazinyloxy)-2-propanol, a potential PET radioligand for the 5-HT7receptor
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In the search for a novel serotonin 7 (5-HT7) receptor PET radioligand we synthesized and evaluated a new series of biphenylpiperazine derivatives in vitro. Among the studied compounds, (R)-1-[4-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl) phenyl]piperazin-1-yl]-3-(2-pyrazinyloxy)-2-propanol ((R)-16), showed the best combination of affinity, selectivity, and lipophilicity, and was thus chosen for carbon-11 labelling and evaluation in pigs. After intravenous injection, [11C](R)-16 entered the pig brain and displayed reversible tracer kinetics. Pretreatment with the 5-HT7receptor selective antagonist SB-269970 (1) resulted in limited decrease in the binding of [11C](R)-16, suggesting that this radioligand is not optimal for imaging the brain 5-HT7receptor in vivo but it may serve as a lead compound for the design of novel 5-HT7receptor PET radioligands.
- Hansen, Hanne D.,Lacivita, Enza,Di Pilato, Pantaleo,Herth, Matthias M.,Lehel, Szabolcs,Ettrup, Anders,Andersen, Valdemar L.,Dyssegaard, Agnete,De Giorgio, Paola,Perrone, Roberto,Berardi, Francesco,Colabufo, Nicola Antonio,Niso, Mauro,Knudsen, Gitte M.,Leopoldo, Marcello
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p. 152 - 163
(2014/05/06)
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- Dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes with naphtholate-oxazoline ligands in catalytic epoxidation of olefins
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Synthesis, characterization and catalytic epoxidation experiments of two new dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes [MoO2(L)2] (3a-b) equipped with O,N-bidentate naphtholate-oxazoline ligands L = 2a-b are described. Ligands 2a-b (2a = 2-(4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)naphthalen-1-ol, 2b = 2-(4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)naphthalen-1-ol) were obtained via a two-step synthesis starting from 1-hydroxy-naphthoic acid. Complexes 3a-b were synthesized starting from [MoO2(acac)2] and obtained in good yields as air and moisture stable solids. The molecular structure of both complexes 3a-b were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, showing the expected octahedral coordination of the Mo center by two bidentate ligands of 2a or 2b and two terminal oxo ligands. Interestingly, for complex 3b two different coordination isomers with regards to the orientation of the bidentate ligands (N,N-trans 3b and N,N-cis 3b'), were obtained in the solid state. Both complexes 3a-b show high catalytic activities and selectivities in the epoxidation of various terminal and internal olefins at low catalyst loadings of 0.05 mol% with tert-butylhydroperoxide. With cyclooctene TON of 5000 could be reached, for styrene selectivities of >90% were achieved.
- Traar, Pedro,Schachner, J?rg A.,Stanje, Bernhard,Belaj, Ferdinand,M?sch-Zanetti, Nadia C.
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- A new synthesis of sultams from amino alcohols
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The base-mediated cyclization of N,O-dimesylate derivatives of cyclic and acyclic amino alcohols provides a simple access to five- and six-member sultams: isothiazolidine-1,1-dioxides and thiazinane-1,1-dioxides respectively.
- Lad, Nitin,Sharma, Rajiv,Marquez, Victor E.,Mascarenhas, Malcolm
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p. 6307 - 6309
(2013/11/06)
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- Dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complexes containing ligands with the bipyrrolidine backbone as efficient catalysts for olefin epoxidation
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Air-stable chiral dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complexes of the type [MoO 2(L)] (L = L12-; 1, L = L22-, 2) were prepared by the reaction of [MoO2Cl2] with the bis(phenol) ligands 1,4-bis(2-hydroxy-benzyl)-(S,S)-2,2′-bipyrrolidine [(S,S)-H2L1] and 1,4-bis(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl)-(S,S)-2,2′-bipyrrolidine [(S,S)-H2L2). They were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, which revealed a distorted octahedral coordination geometry around the molybdenum(VI) center with a cis-α configuration. The Mo-Ooxo bond lengths are almost equal and vary only between 1.701 and 1.7091 A. Complexes 1 and 2 were found to be efficient and selective catalysts for various olefin epoxidation reactions. Catalyst loadings of 0.5 mol-%, the use of 2 equiv. of oxidant (tert-butyl hydroperoxide), as well as unchanged catalyst performance over three consecutive catalytic runs demonstrate the excellent stability of the catalysts. Various challenging substrates including 1-octene or limonene were converted selectively to their corresponding epoxides. However, no asymmetric induction was observed. The cis-α isomers of dioxidomolybdenum complexes with a chiral backbone exhibit higher catalytic epoxidation activity than the related cis-β complexes. Copyright
- Mayilmurugan, Ramasamy,Traar, Pedro,Schachner, Joerg A.,Volpe, Manuel,Moesch-Zanetti, Nadia C.
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p. 3664 - 3670
(2013/07/26)
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- Synthesis, biological evaluation and mechanistic studies of totarol amino alcohol derivatives as potential antimalarial agents
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Herein we report on the semisynthesis and biological evaluation of β-amino alcohol derivatives of the natural product totarol and other simple aromatic systems. All β-amino alcohol derivatives of totarol exhibited higher antiplasmodial activity than totarol [IC50: 11.69 μM (K1, chloroquine and multi-drug resistant strain), and 11.78 μM (D10, chloroquine sensitive strain)] - 12e was the most active [IC50: 0.63 μM (K1), and 0.61 μM (D10)]. The phenyl and naphthyl β-amino alcohol derivatives were much less active than their corresponding totarol equivalents. The majority of the β-amino alcohol derivatives of totarol were more active against K1 than the D10 strains of Plasmodium falciparum, a trend similar to the inverse relationship observed with the established aryl-amino alcohol antimalarial mefloquine. Selected compounds were shown to affect erythrocyte morphology, inhibit erythrocyte invasion and trigger CQ accumulation.
- Tacon, Claire,Guantai, Eric M.,Smith, Peter J.,Chibale, Kelly
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experimental part
p. 893 - 902
(2012/03/22)
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- Routes for reactions of alkylene oxides with R-β-hydroxyalkyl sulfides: Unusual exchange of functional groups
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Possible routes of the previously unknown exchange reaction of alkylene oxides with R-β-hydroxyalkyl sulfides have been considered. Each route has intermediates and transition states of its own, but all the directions in the final stage lead to the formation of a single intermediate cyclic bipolar ion with intramolecular hydrogen bonding, which determines the common nature and composition of end products for all routes. The features of the reaction have been analyzed. The quantitative description of each route has been given. Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2012.
- Malievskii
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experimental part
p. 194 - 203
(2012/10/18)
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- An improved method for the conversion of oxiranes to thiiranes and the discrimination of their base peaks in EI-MS
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An efficient method for the conversion of oxiranes to thiiranes by treatment with excess ammonium thiocyanate in aqueous media under reflux or by microwave irradiation is reported. ARKAT-USA, Inc.
- Chen, Hsing-Ming,Chen, Po-Yuan,Wang, Chih-Feng,Tsai, Jui-Chi,Wang, Eng-Chi
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body text
p. 157 - 168
(2012/10/18)
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- Phosphotungstic acid supported on magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient reusable catalyst for epoxidation of alkenes
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A new magnetically separable catalyst consisting of phosphotungstic acid supported on imidazole functionalized silica coated cobalt ferrite nanoparticles was prepared. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). This immobilized phosphotungstic acid was shown to be an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the epoxidation of various alkenes using tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BuOOH) as oxidant. The catalyst is readily recovered by simple magnetic decantation and can be recycled several times with no significant loss of catalytic activity.
- Kooti,Afshari
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p. 3473 - 3478
(2012/11/07)
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- Analysis of β-amino alcohols as inhibitors of the potential anti-tubercular target N-acetyltransferase
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The synthesis and inhibitory potencies of a novel series of β-amino alcohols, based on the hit-compound 3-[3′-(4″-cyclopent-2?- en-1?-ylphenoxy)-2′-hydroxypropyl]-5,5 dimethylimidazolidine-2,4- dione as specific inhibitors of mycobacterial N-acetyltransferase (NAT) enzymes are reported. Effects of synthesised compounds on growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been determined.
- Fullam, Elizabeth,Abuhammad, Areej,Wilson, David L.,Anderton, Matthew C.,Davies, Steve G.,Russell, Angela J.,Sim, Edith
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1185 - 1190
(2011/04/16)
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- Development of β-amino alcohol derivatives that inhibit toll-like receptor 4 mediated inflammatory response as potential antiseptics
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Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) induced proinflammatory signaling has been directly implicated in severe sepsis and represents an attractive therapeutic target. Herein, we report our investigations into the structure-activity relationship and preliminary drug metabolism/pharmacokinetics study of β-amino alcohol derivatives that inhibit the TLR4 signaling pathway. Lead compounds were identified from in vitro cellular examination with micromolar potency for their inhibitory effects on TLR4 signaling and subsequently assessed for their ability to suppress the TLR4-induced inflammatory response in an ex vivo whole blood model. In addition, the toxicology, specificity, solubility, brain-blood barrier permeability, and drug metabolism of several compounds were evaluated. Although further optimizations are needed, our findings lay the groundwork for the future drug development of this class of small molecule agents for the treatment of severe sepsis.
- Chavez, Sherry A.,Martinko, Alexander J.,Lau, Corinna,Pham, Michael N.,Cheng, Kui,Bevan, Douglas E.,Mollnes, Tom E.,Yin, Hang
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 4659 - 4669
(2011/09/15)
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- A facile enantioselective synthesis of enantiomerically pure (R)-phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride using the hydrolytic kinetic resolution method
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A practical and highly efficient enantioselective synthesis of (R)-phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride has been described for the first time using Jacobsen's hydrolytic kinetic resolution of a terminal epoxide as a key step and source of chirality.
- Nikalje, Milind D.,Sasikumar, Murugesan,Muthukrishnan, Murugan
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experimental part
p. 2825 - 2829
(2011/03/23)
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- ANALGESIC THAT BINDS FILAMIN A
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A compound, composition and method are disclosed that can provide analgesia. A contemplated compound has a structure that corresponds to Formula A, wherein A, B, X, R1, R2, R7 and R8, and the dashed lines are defined within.
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Page/Page column 86
(2010/05/14)
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- Synthesis of aryloxyacetaldehydes and N-(aryloxyethyl)cyclohexanamine hydrochloroides
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Oxidation of 2-(aryloxymethyl)oxiranes with periodic acid gave a series of aryloxyacetaldehydes which reacted with cyclohexylamine in THF, and subsequent reduction of Schiff bases thus obtained with sodium tetrahydridoborate resulted in the formation of the corresponding secondary amines which were isolated and characterized as hydrochlorides.
- Shapenova,Belyatskii,Panicheva
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experimental part
p. 1017 - 1020
(2010/10/21)
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- A vHTS approach for the identification of β-adrenoceptor ligands
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Using a vHTS based on a pharmacophore alignment on known β3-adrenoceptor ligands, a set of intriguing β-adrenoceptor ligands was identified, optimization of which resulted in a selective and potent human β2-AR antagonist.
- Tasler, Stefan,Baumgartner, Roland,Aschenbrenner, Andrea,Ammendola, Astrid,Wolf, Kristina,Wieber, Tanja,Schachtner, Josef,Blisse, Marcus,Quotschalla, Udo,Ney, Peter
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scheme or table
p. 3399 - 3404
(2010/08/06)
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- Thienopyrimidines as β3-adrenoceptor agonists: Hit-to-lead optimization
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Resulting from a vHTS based on a pharmacophore alignment on known β3-adrenoceptor ligands, an aryloxypropanolamine scaffold comprising a thienopyrimidine moiety was further optimized as a human β3-AR agonist, yielding a lead compound with an excellent cellular activity of EC50 = 20 pM, selectivity over hβ1- and hβ2-adrenoceptors and a promising safety profile.
- Tasler, Stefan,Baumgartner, Roland,Ammendola, Astrid,Schachtner, Josef,Wieber, Tanja,Blisse, Marcus,Rath, Sandra,Zaja, Mirko,Klahn, Philipp,Quotschalla, Udo,Ney, Peter
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scheme or table
p. 6108 - 6115
(2010/11/19)
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- Antagonists of the calcium receptor I. Amino alcohol-based parathyroid hormone secretagogues
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Functional screening of the former SmithKline Beecham compound collection against the human calcium receptor (CaR) resulted in the identification of the amino alcohol-based hit 2 (IC50 = 11 μM). Structure-activity studies of 2 focused on the optimization of the right- and left-hand side aromatic moieties as well as the amino alcohol linker region. Critical to the optimization of this antagonist template was the discovery that the chirality of the C-2 secondary alcohol played a key role in enhancing both CaR potency as well as selectivity over the β-adrenergic receptor subtypes. These SAR studies ultimately led to the identification of 38 (NPS 2143; SB-262470A), a potent and orally active CaR antagonist. Pharmacokinetic characterization of 38 in the rat revealed that this molecule had a large volume of distribution (11 L/kg), which resulted in a prolonged systemic exposure, protracted increases in the plasma levels of PTH, and an overall lack of net bone formation effect in a rodent model of osteoporosis.
- Marquis, Robert W.,Lago, Amparo M.,Callahan, James F.,Lee Trout, Robert E.,Gowen, Maxine,DelMar, Eric G.,Van Wagenen, Bradford C.,Logan, Sarah,Shimizu, Scott,Fox, John,Nemeth, Edward F.,Yang, Zheng,Roethke, Theresa,Smith, Brian R.,Ward, Keith W.,Lee, John,Keenan, Richard M.,Bhatnagar, Pradip
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experimental part
p. 3982 - 3993
(2009/12/28)
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- Synthesis of α-aliphatic and β-aromatic substituted taurines via regioselective ring opening of thiiranes with ammonia
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Thiiranes are important starting materials for the synthesis of substituted taurines. The regioselectivity of ring-opening reactions of thiiranes with ammonia in the presence of silver nitrate was investigated. The results of the ring-opening reaction and subsequent peroxy acid oxidation indicate that alkyl-substituted thiiranes give rise to 1-monoalkyl- and 1,1-dialkyltaurines, whereas aryl-substituted thiiranes produce 2-aryl-, 2-alkyl-2-aryl-, and 2,2-diaryltaurines. This shows that alkyl-substituted thiiranes were attacked on their less-substituted ring carbon atoms, while aryl-substituted thiiranes were attacked on their more substituted ring carbon atoms. The current method is an effective and atom-economic route for the synthesis of mono- and disubstituted α-alkyl-and β-aryl-substituted taurines. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Yu, Hao,Cao, Shengli,Zhang, Leilei,Liu, Gang,Xu, Jiaxi
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experimental part
p. 2205 - 2209
(2010/02/27)
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- Shifting the equilibrium of a biocatalytic cascade synthesis to enantiopure epoxides using anion exchangers
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Hydroxide-loaded anion exchangers have been successfully employed to shift the equilibrium of a one-pot, two-step, two-enzyme cascade reaction affording enantiopure epoxides starting from prochiral α-chloroketones. The α-chloroketones were asymmetrically reduced employing an alcohol dehydrogenase and then transformed further to the corresponding epoxides employing halohydrin dehalogenases. Each epoxide enantiomer could be obtained with up to 93% conversion in enantiomerically pure form (>99% ee). In contrast to previous studies the amount of hydride donor (2-propanol) could be reduced due to favoured halohydrin formation in the reduction of α-chloroketones.
- Schrittwieser, Joerg H.,Lavandera, Ivan,Seisser, Birgit,Mautner, Barbara,Lutje Spelberg, Jeffrey H.,Kroutil, Wolfgang
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experimental part
p. 483 - 488
(2009/07/25)
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- Biocatalytic cascade for the synthesis of enantiopure β-azidoalcohols and β-hydroxynitriles
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A three-step, two-enzyme, one-pot reaction sequence starting from prochiral a-chloroketones leading to enantiopure (3- azidoalcohols and (3-hydroxynitriles is described. Asymmetric bioreduction of a-chloroketones by hydrogen transfer catalysed by an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) established the stereogenic centre in the first step to furnish enantiopure chlorohydrin intermediates. Subsequent biocatalysed ring closure to the epoxide and nucleophilic ring opening with azide, N3-, or cyanide, CN-, both catalysed by a nonselective halohydrin dehalogenase (Hhe) proceeded with full retention of configuration to give enantiopure (-azidoalcohols and (3-hydroxynitriles, respectively. Both enantiomers of various optically pure (-azidoalcohols and (-hydroxynitriles were synthesised.
- Schrittwieser, Joerg H.,Lavandera, Ivan,Seisser, Birgit,Mautner, Barbara,Kroutil, Wolfgang
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experimental part
p. 2293 - 2298
(2009/08/17)
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- Rhodium nanoparticles supported on carbon nanofibers as an arene hydrogenation catalyst highly tolerant to a coexisting epoxido group
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Rhodium nanoparticles supported on a carbon nanofiber (Rh/CNF-T) show high catalytic activity toward arene hydrogenation under mild conditions in high turnover numbers without leaching the Rh species; the reaction is highly tolerant to epoxido groups, which often undergo ring-opening hydrogenation with conventional catalysts.
- Motoyama, Yukihiro,Takasaki, Mikihiro,Yoon, Seong-Ho,Mochida, Isao,Nagashima, Hideo
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 5042 - 5045
(2009/12/28)
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- An expedient chemo-enzymatic method for the synthesis of optically active masked 1,2-amino alcohols
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The expedient synthesis of enantiopure masked 1,2-amino alcohols (ee >99%) including their alkyl substituted analogues has been achieved by the regioselective ring opening of epoxides using phthalimide, followed by highly efficient kinetic resolution under mild and environmentally friendly conditions. The addition of co-solvents during kinetic resolution significantly improved the enantioselectivity with reduction in time.
- Gupta, Pankaj,Taneja, Subhash C.,Shah, Bhahwal A.,Mukherjee, Debaraj,Parshad, Rajinder,Chimni, Swapandeep S.,Qazi, Ghulam N.
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p. 1898 - 1903
(2008/12/22)
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- Regioselectivity and diasteroselectivity in Pt(II)-mediated "green" catalytic epoxidation of terminal alkenes with hydrogen peroxide: Mechanistic insight into a peculiar substrate selectivity
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Recently developed electron-poor Pt(II) catalyst 1 with the "green" oxidant 35% hydrogen peroxide displays high activity and complete substrate selectivity in the epoxidation of terminal alkenes because of stringent steric and electronic requirements. In the presence of isolated dienes bearing terminal and internal double bonds, epoxidation is completely regioselective toward the production of terminal epoxides. Insight into the mechanism is gained by means of a reaction progress kinetic analysis approach that underlines the peculiar role of 1 in activating both the alkene and H 2O2 in the rate-determining step providing a rare example of nucleophilic oxidation of alkenes by H2O2.
- Colladon, Marco,Scarso, Alessandro,Sgarbossa, Paolo,Michelin, Rino A.,Strukul, Giorgio
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p. 7680 - 7689
(2008/02/05)
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- Improvement and simplification of synthesis of 3-aryloxy-1,2-epoxypropanes using solvent-free conditions and microwave irradiations. Relation with medium effects and reaction mechanism
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Some 3-aryloxy-1,2-epoxypropanes, interesting as potential synthons in β-adrenergic receptor antagonists preparation, were obtained in excellent yields (65-96% within 2-17 min) by microwave activation (monomode system) using solid-liquid solvent-free phase transfer catalysis (PTC). The best results for the O-alkylation of some phenols with epichlorohydrin were obtained using TBAB and NaOH/K2CO3 (1:4 mol/mol) as phase transfer catalyst and more acceptable basic system, respectively. These new procedure is compared with classical methods. Significant specific microwave effect (non-purely thermal) was evidenced in all cases. They were discussed in terms of reaction medium and mechanism, taking into account the variations in polarity of the systems.
- Pchelka, Beata K.,Loupy, Andre,Petit, Alain
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p. 10968 - 10979
(2007/10/03)
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- Conversion of epoxides to β-chlorohydrins with thionyl chloride and β-cyclodextrin in water
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Several epoxides are efficiently converted to the corresponding β-chlorohydrins in impressive yields with thionyl chloride in the presence of β-cyclodextrin using water as solvent at room temperature. Copyright Taylor & Francis, Inc.
- Surendra,Srilakshmi Krishnaveni,Nageswar,Rama Rao
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p. 2195 - 2201
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis, anorexigenic activity and QSAR of substituted aryloxypropanolamines
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Substituted aryloxypropanolamines (6-20) were synthesized and evaluated for their anorexigenic activity. Among them 4-cyanoaryloxy (7), 2-methylaryloxy (9), 2-methoxyl aryloxy (10), 4-acetamidoaryloxy (15), 4-bromoaryloxy (16) and 4-ethylaminoaryloxy (20) exhibited potent anorexigenic activity. According to QSAR studies, the electronic parameter 'σ' plays an important role in describing the variance in activity. Birkhaeuser Boston 2004.
- Srivastava, Shipra,Bhandari, Kalpana,Shankar, Girija,Singh,Saxena, Anil K.
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p. 631 - 642
(2007/10/03)
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