- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of macrocyclic derivatives as TRK inhibitors
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Tropomyosin receptor kinases (TRKA, TRKB, TRKC) are transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases, which are respectively encoded by NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3 genes. Herein, we reported the design, synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) investigation of a series of macrocyclic derivatives as new TRK inhibitors. Among these compounds, compound 9e exhibited strong kinase inhibitory activity (TRKG595R IC50 = 13.1 nM) and significant antiproliferative activity in the Ba/F3-LMNA-NTRK1 cell line (IC50 = 0.080 μM) and compound 9e has shown a better inhibitory effect (IC50 = 0.646 μM) than control drug LOXO-101 in Ba/F3-LMNA-NTRK1-G595R cell line. These results indicate that compound 9e is a potential TRK inhibitor for further investigation.
- Cai, Shi,Guan, Dezhong,Li, Jinruo,Li, Pei,Xu, Lin,Zhang, Huibin,Zhao, Tong,Zhou, Jinpei
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- Discovery of a Highly Potent, Selective, and Metabolically Stable Inhibitor of Receptor-Interacting Protein 1 (RIP1) for the Treatment of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
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On the basis of its essential role in driving inflammation and disease pathology, cell necrosis has gradually been verified as a promising therapeutic target for treating atherosclerosis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and ischemia injury, among other diseases. Most necrosis inhibitors targeting receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) still require further optimization because of weak potency or poor metabolic stability. We conducted a phenotypic screen and identified a micromolar hit with novel amide structure. Medicinal chemistry efforts yielded a highly potent, selective, and metabolically stable drug candidate, compound 56 (RIPA-56). Biochemical studies and molecular docking revealed that RIP1 is the direct target of this new series of type III kinase inhibitors. In the SIRS mice disease model, 56 efficiently reduced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-induced mortality and multiorgan damage. Compared to known RIP1 inhibitors, 56 is potent in both human and murine cells, is much more stable in vivo, and is efficacious in animal model studies.
- Ren, Yan,Su, Yaning,Sun, Liming,He, Sudan,Meng, Lingjun,Liao, Daohong,Liu, Xiao,Ma, Yongfen,Liu, Chunyan,Li, Sisi,Ruan, Hanying,Lei, Xiaoguang,Wang, Xiaodong,Zhang, Zhiyuan
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p. 972 - 986
(2017/02/19)
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- Phenyl ether- and aniline-containing 2-aminoquinolines as potent and selective inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase
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Excess nitric oxide (NO) produced by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is implicated in neurodegenerative disorders. As a result, inhibition of nNOS and reduction of NO levels is desirable therapeutically, but many nNOS inhibitors are poorly bioavailable. Promising members of our previously reported 2-aminoquinoline class of nNOS inhibitors, although orally bioavailable and brain-penetrant, suffer from unfavorable off-target binding to other CNS receptors, and they resemble known promiscuous binders. Rearranged phenyl ether- and aniline-linked 2-aminoquinoline derivatives were therefore designed to (a) disrupt the promiscuous binding pharmacophore and diminish off-target interactions and (b) preserve potency, isoform selectivity, and cell permeability. A series of these compounds was synthesized and tested against purified nNOS, endothelial NOS (eNOS), and inducible NOS (iNOS) enzymes. One compound, 20, displayed high potency, selectivity, and good human nNOS inhibition, and retained some permeability in a Caco-2 assay. Most promisingly, CNS receptor counterscreening revealed that this rearranged scaffold significantly reduces off-target binding.
- Cinelli, Maris A.,Li, Huiying,Pensa, Anthony V.,Kang, Soosung,Roman, Linda J.,Martásek, Pavel,Poulos, Thomas L.,Silverman, Richard B.
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p. 8694 - 8712
(2015/11/25)
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- 4-Phenyl tetrahydroisoquinolines as dual norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors
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Novel 4-phenyl tetrahydroisoquinolines that inhibit both dopamine and norepinephrine transporters were designed and prepared. In this Letter, we describe the synthesis, in vitro activity and associated structure-activity relationships of this series. We also report the ex vivo NET occupancy of a representative compound, 41.
- Pechulis, Anthony D.,Beck, James P.,Curry, Matt A.,Wolf, Mark A.,Harms, Arthur E.,Xi, Ning,Opalka, Chet,Sweet, Mark P.,Yang, Zhicai,Vellekoop, A. Samuel,Klos, Andrew M.,Crocker, Peter J.,Hassler, Carla,Laws, Mia,Kitchen, Douglas B.,Smith, Mark A.,Olson, Richard E.,Liu, Shuang,Molino, Bruce F.
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p. 7219 - 7222
(2013/01/15)
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- Dual serotonin transporter inhibitor/histamine H3 antagonists: Development of rigidified H3 pharmacophores
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A series of tetrahydroisoquinolines acting as dual serotonin transporter inhibitor/histamine H3 antagonists is described. The introduction of polar aromatic spacers as part of the histamine H3 pharmacophore was explored. A convergent synthesis of the final products allowing late stage introduction of the aromatic side chain was developed. In vitro and in vivo data are discussed.
- Keith, John M.,Barbier, Ann J.,Wilson, Sandy J.,Miller, Kirstin,Boggs, Jamin D.,Fraser, Ian C.,Mazur, Curt,Lovenberg, Timothy W.,Carruthers, Nicholas I.
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p. 5325 - 5329
(2008/03/18)
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- N-Nitrosobenzylmethylamine hydroxylation and coumarin 7-hydroxylation: Catalysis by rat esophageal microsomes and cytochrome P450 2A3 and 2A6 enzymes
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N-Nitrosobenzylmethylamine (NBzMA) is a potent and selective esophageal carcinogen in the rat and may be a causative agent for human esophageal cancer. This nitrosamine, like most, must be metabolically activated to exert its carcinogenic potential. NBzMA may be metabolized by P450-catalyzed methyl or methylene hydroxylation; the latter is believed to be the activation pathway. The sensitivity of the esophagus to NBzMA-induced tumorigenesis is believed to be due, at least in part, to the presence of efficient P450 catalysts in this tissue. However, while it was reported almost 20 years ago that the rat esophagus catalyzes the methylene hydroxylation of NBzMA, the P450 that catalyzes this reaction has yet to be identified. We report here that human P450 2A6 and the closely related extrahepatic rat enzyme P450 2A3 both efficiently catalyze NBzMA methylene hydroxylation, characterized as benzaldehyde formation. The catalytic efficiency of P450 2A3 in this reaction was 3-fold greater than that of P450 2A6, 7.6 (K(m) = 0.63 ± 0.18 μM and the V(max) = 4.8 nmol min-1 nmol of P450-1) versus 2.3 (K(m) = 6.7 ± 2.9 μM and the V(max) = 15.7 nmol min-1 nmol of P450-1), respectively. Both enzymes catalyzed methylene hydroxylation at least 4-fold more efficiently than methyl hydroxylation. In addition, P450 2A6, but not P450 2A3, catalyzed benzyl ring hydroxylation, generating N-(p-hydroxybenzyl)methylamine. The identity of this metabolite was confirmed by synthesis of a standard and LC/MS and LC/MS/MS analysis. P450 2A6 is an efficient coumarin 7-hydroxylase, and we report here that P450 2A3 is an equally good catalyst of this reaction (K(m) = 1.7 ± 0.41 μM and V(max) = 1.7 ± 0.08 nmol min-1 nmol of P450- 1). Rat esophageal microsomes (REM), like P450 2A3, were efficient catalysts of NBzMA methylene hydroxylation. However, in contrast to P450 2A3, the major product of this reaction was the product of benzaldehyde oxidation, benzoic acid. Antibody to the closely related mouse P450, 2A5, did not inhibit REM- catalyzed NBzMA metabolism, and most importantly, REM did not catalyze the 7- hydroxylation of coumarin. Therefore, P450 2A3 does not appear to be the P450 in the rat esophagus responsible for catalyzing the methylene hydroxylation of NBzMA.
- Von Weymarn, Linda B.,Felicia, Nadia D.,Ding, Xinxin,Murphy, Sharon E.
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p. 1254 - 1261
(2007/10/03)
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- Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of ω-[N-methyl-N-(3-alkylcarbamoyloxyphenyl)- methyl]aminoalkoxyheteroaryl derivatives
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Acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) inhibitors are one of the most actively investigated classes of compounds in the search for an effective treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This work describes the synthesis, AChE inhibitory activity, and structure-activity relationships of some compounds related to a recently discovered series of AChE inhibitors: the ω-[N-methyl-N-(3- alkylcarbamoyloxyphenyl)methyl]aminoalkoxyxanthen-9-ones. The influence of structural variations on the inhibitory potency was carefully investigated by modifying different parts of the parent molecule, and a theoretical model of the binding of one representative compound to the enzyme was developed. The biological properties of the series were investigated in some detail by considering not only the activity on isolated enzyme but the selectivity with respect to butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and the in vitro inhibitory activity on rat cerebral cortex as well. Some of the newly synthesized derivatives, when tested on isolated and/or AChE-enriched rat brain cortex fraction, displayed a selective inhibitory activity and were more active than physostigmine. In particular, compound 13, an azaxanthone derivative, displayed the best rat cortex AChE inhibition (190-fold higher than physostigmine), as well as a high degree of enzyme selectivity (over 60-fold more selective for AChE than for BuChE). When tested in the isolated enzyme, compound 13 was less active, suggesting some differences either in drug availability/biotransformation or in the inhibitor-sensitive residues of the enzyme when biologically positioned in rat brain membranes.
- Rampa, Angela,Bisi, Alessandra,Valenti, Piero,Recanatini, Maurizio,Cavalli, Andrea,Andrisano, Vincenza,Cavrini, Vanni,Fin, Lorena,Buriani, Alessandro,Giusti, Pietro
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p. 3976 - 3986
(2007/10/03)
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- Substituted alkylamine derivatives
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The substituted alkylamine derivatives represented by formula (I) STR1 wherein R1 represents (a) substituted or unsubstituted C2-6 alkenyl group, (b) substituted or unsubstituted C3-6 cycloalkenyl group, (c) substituted or unsubstituted C2-6 alkynyl group, (d) substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, (e) substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, (f) fused heterocyclic group which may be substituted, or (g) group represented by the formula Ru11 -Ar wherein R11 is a heterocyclic group and Ar is a 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring which may contain a hetero N, O or S atom, and which may be substituted; STR2 represents a 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring which may contain a hetero N, O or S atom, and may be substituted by R7, X and Y are linking groups, R2 is H or lower alkyl, R3 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl or lower cycloalkyl, R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen or halogen atoms, R6 represents (a) substituted or unsubstituted acyclic hydrocarbon group which may be unsaturated, (b) substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, or (c) substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, or non-toxic salts thereof. (E)-N-(6-6-dimethyl-2-hepten-4-ynyl)-N-ethyl-3-[4-(3-thienyl)-2-thienyl-methyloxy]benzylamine hydrochloride is a representative example. The substituted alkylamine derivatives are useful as pharmaceuticals, particularly for the treatment and prevention of hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipemia and arteriosclerosis.
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