- From Oxadiazole to Triazole Analogues: Optimization toward a Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist with Improved in vivo Efficacy in Dogs
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The orexin system is responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle. Suvorexant, a dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) is approved by the FDA for the treatment of insomnia disorders. Herein, we report the optimization efforts toward a DORA, where our starting point was (5-methoxy-4-methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-{(S)-2-[5-(2-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-pyrrolidin-1-yl}methanone (6), a compound which emerged from our in-house research program. Compound 6 was shown to be a potent, brain-penetrating DORA with in vivo efficacy similar to suvorexant in rats. However, shortcomings from low metabolic stability, high plasma protein binding (PPB), low brain free fraction (fu brain), and low aqueous solubility, were identified and hence, compound 6 was not an ideal candidate for further development. Our optimization efforts addressing the above-mentioned shortcomings resulted in the identification of (4-chloro-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-{(S)-2-methyl-2-[5-(2-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]-pyrrolidin-1-yl}l-methanone (42), a DORA with improved in vivo efficacy compared to 6.
- Bolli, Martin H.,Boss, Christoph,Brotschi, Christine,Gatfield, John,Heidmann, Bibia,Jenck, Francois,Roch, Catherine,Sifferlen, Thierry,Treiber, Alexander,Williams, Jodi T.
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- Highly efficient organocatalysts for the asymmetric aldol reaction
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A new class of bifunctional organocatalysts containing both thiazolidine/pyrrolidine and imidazole cycles was prepared via a readily available synthetic route. The highly efficient five step methodology did not require intermediary purification and provid
- Jacoby,Vontobel,Bach,Schneider
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supporting information
p. 7416 - 7421
(2018/05/04)
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- A Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable HCV NS5A Inhibitor for Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus: (S)-1-((R)-2-(Cyclopropanecarboxamido)-2-phenylacetyl)-N-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide
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Starting from the initial lead 4-phenylthiazole 18, a modest HCV inhibitor (EC50 = 9440 nM), a series of structurally related thiazole derivatives has been identified as a novel chemical class of potent and selective HCV NS5A inhibitors. The introduction of a carboxamide group between the thiazole and pyrrolidine ring (42) of compound 18 resulted in a dramatic increase in activity (EC50 = 0.92 nM). However, 42 showed only moderate pharmacokinetic properties and limited oral bioavalability of 18.7% in rats. Further optimization of the substituents at the 4-position of the thiazole ring and pyrrolidine nitrogen of the lead compound 42 led to the identification of compound 57, a highly potent and selective NS5A inhibitor of HCV (EC50 = 4.6 nM), with greater therapeutic index (CC50/EC50 > 10000). Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that compound 57 had a superior oral exposure and desired bioavailability of 45% after oral administration in rats.
- Kang, Iou-Jiun,Hsu, Sheng-Ju,Yang, Hui-Yun,Yeh, Teng-Kuang,Lee, Chung-Chi,Lee, Yen-Chun,Tian, Ya-Wen,Song, Jen-Shin,Hsu, Tsu-An,Chao, Yu-Sheng,Yueh, Andrew,Chern, Jyh-Haur
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p. 228 - 247
(2017/04/26)
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- Design and synthesis of chiral 2H-chromene-N-imidazolo-amino acid conjugates as aldose reductase inhibitors
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Aldose reductase (ALR2) inhibitors provide a viable mode to fight against diabetic complications. ALR2 exhibit plasticity in the active site vicinities and possible shifts in the nearby two supporting alpha helices. Therefore, a novel series of amino acid conjugates of chromene-3-imidazoles (13–15) were designed and synthesized based on natural isoflavonoids. The compounds were identified on the basis of spectral (1H NMR,13C NMR and MS) data and tested in vitro for ALR2 inhibitory activity with an IC50value ranges from 0.031 ± 0.082 μM to 4.29 ± 0.55 μM. Our in silico and biochemical studies confirmed that 15e has the best inhibition activity among the synthesized compounds with a high selective index against the Aldehyde reductase (ALR1). Supplementation of 15e to STZ induced rats decreased the blood glucose levels and delayed the progression of cataract in a dose-dependent manner. The present study thus provides novel series of compounds with a promising inhibitor to prevent or delay the cataract progression.
- Gopinath, Gudipudi,Sankeshi, Venu,perugu, Shaym,Alaparthi, Malini D.,Bandaru, Srinivas,Pasala, Vijay K.,Chittineni, Prasad Rao,Krupadanam, G.L.David,Sagurthi, Someswar R.
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p. 750 - 762
(2016/09/23)
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- Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of unprotected haloimidazoles
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An efficient protocol for the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of unprotected haloimidazoles is reported. The relatively mild reaction conditions allow for ready access to a wide array of functionalized imidazole derivatives in good to excellent yields. The synthetic utility of this method is demonstrated by the total synthesis of nortopsentin D.
- Tan, Jiajing,Chen, Yonggang,Li, Hongmei,Yasuda, Nobuyoshi
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p. 8871 - 8876
(2015/01/08)
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- NOVEL BETULINIC ACID PROLINE DERIVATIVES AS HIV INHIBITORS
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The invention relates to novel betulinic acid derivatives and related compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions useful for the therapeutic treatment of viral diseases and particularly HIV mediated diseases. These compounds are esterified in position 3 and are substituted in position 17 of the betulinic acid structure, via a linking group W, by a saturated 5-7 membered nitrogen-heterocycle.
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- SUBSTITUTED AZOLES, ANTIVIRAL ACTIVE COMPONENT, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION, METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND USE THEREOF
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The present invention relates to novel azoles, novel antiviral active components of the general formulas 1A and 1B, pharmaceutical composition, antiviral medicament, method for prophylaxis and treatment of viral diseases, particularly caused by hepatitis C viruses (HCV). In general formulas 1A and 1B wherein: solid lines with accompanying dotted lines () represent ordinary bond or double bond, provided that one of them is an ordinary bond, the other one is double bond; X and Y accept various meanings, one of them is—nitrogen, the other—oxygen, sulfur or NH group; R1 and R2—optionally the same radicals selected from 2-(R)- and (S)-substituted N-acyl pyrrolidine derivatives; N-methyl-N-[2-(R) and (S)-substituted 2,2-disubstituted acetamides; methyl[2-(R) and (S)-substituted ((methyl)amino)-(1-oxobutan-2-yl)-2-(R)-] and (S)-iso-propyl)-carbamates. A represents aliphatic C2-C8 biradical; dioxane, cyclo- and bicycloaliphatic, alkyloxyalkyl, alkyloxyalkylenoxyalkyl, alkenyloxyalkyl, alkynyloxyalkyl biradicals and their thioanaloges; aryl and thiophene alkynylcycloalkyl, alkynyldioxane, alkynylaryl, alkylthiophene, alkenylthiophene and alkynylthiophene, alkyloxyaryl, alkenyloxyaryl, alkynyloxyaryl, alkylthioaryl, alkenylthioaryl, alkynylthioaryl, cycloalkylthiophene, aryldioxane and thiophenyldioxane biradicals. B represents: aliphatic C2-C8 radical, including 1, 2 or 3 triple C≡C bonds; aryl and thiophene, alkynylcycloalkyl, alkynyldioxane, alkynylaryl, alkylthiophene, alkenylthiophene and alkynylthiophene, cycloalkylbenzene, 4-cycloalkylbiphenyl, bicycloalkylbenzene, 4-bicycloalkylbiphenyl, cycloalkylthiophene, aryldioxane and thiophenyldioxane radicals.
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Paragraph 0236; 0237
(2013/10/07)
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- Synthesis and evaluation of non-dimeric HCV NS5A inhibitors
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Based on the symmetrical bidentate structure of the NS5A inhibitor BMS-790052, a series of new monodentate molecules were designed. The synthesis of 36 new non-dimeric NS5A inhibitors is reported along with their ability to block HCV replication in an HCV 1b replicon system. Among them compound 5a showed picomolar range activity along with an excellent selectivity index (SI > 90,000).
- Amblard, Franck,Zhang, Hongwang,Zhou, Longhu,Shi, Junxing,Bobeck, Drew R.,Nettles, James H.,Chavre, Satish,McBrayer, Tamara R.,Tharnish, Philip,Whitaker, Tony,Coats, Steven J.,Schinazi, Raymond F.
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p. 2031 - 2034
(2013/05/09)
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- Design and synthesis of prolylcarboxypeptidase (PrCP) inhibitors to validate PrCP as a potential target for obesity
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Prolylcarboxypeptidase (PrCP) is a serine protease that may have a role in metabolism regulation. A class of reversible, potent, and selective PrCP inhibitors was developed starting from a mechanism based design for inhibiting this serine protease. Compound 8o inhibits human and mouse PrCP at IC 50 values of 1 and 2 nM and is not active (IC50 > 25 μM) against a panel of closely related proteases. It has lower serum binding than its close analogues and is bioavailable in mouse. Subchronic dosing of 8o in PrCP-/- and WT mice at 100 mg/kg for 5 days resulted in a 5% reduction in body weight in WT mice and a 1% reduction in PrCP KO mice.
- Zhou, Changyou,Garcia-Calvo, Margareta,Pinto, Shirly,Lombardo, Matthew,Feng, Zhe,Bender, Kate,Pryor, Kellyann D.,Bhatt, Urmi R.,Chabin, Renee M.,Geissler, Wayne M.,Shen, Zhu,Tong, Xinchun,Zhang, Zhoupeng,Wong, Kenny K.,Roy, Ranabir Sinha,Chapman, Kevin T.,Yang, Lihu,Xiong, Yusheng
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scheme or table
p. 7251 - 7263
(2010/12/25)
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