- Method for selectively synthesizing halogenated arylamine through copper catalysis (by machine translation)
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The method comprises the following steps: reacting a substrate with a halogenating reagent (III) in an organic solvent to obtain a catalyst. The reaction 0 - 80 °C is reacted at 0.5 - 6h under the action of an oxidizing agent, and after the reaction is finished, the reaction liquid is subjected to post-treatment to obtain the product halogenated aromatic amine compound. To the invention, direct synthesis of the halogenated aromatic amine compounds is achieved for the first time, and the problems that in the traditional method, the metal catalyst is expensive, the halogenated reagent toxicity is large, byproducts are large and the like are solved. At the same time, the product can take off the pyridine guide group through simple hydrolysis, and further functional groups can be combined into an aromatic heterocyclic compound. The method is simple and convenient to operate, mild in reaction conditions, high in selectivity, high in product yield and wide in substrate applicability, and is an efficient organic synthesis means. : Substrate: Halogenating agent: Product: (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0083-0086
(2020/12/30)
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- Synthesis of pyrazinamide analogues and their antitubercular bioactivity
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The Yamaguchi reaction is widely and generally applied to synthesize esters and lactones. It involves 2,4,6-trichlorobenzoyl chloride as the Yamaguchi reagent, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and triethylamine. Pyrazinamide is a crucial first-line drug for tuberculosis treatment, therefore their analogues are interesting in organic synthesis. In general, the synthesis pyrazinamide analogues involve reaction of pyrazine-2-carboxylic acids with thionyl chloride to yield the corresponding acyl chlorides, which on treatment with amines gave pyrazine-2-carboxamides. However, thionyl chloride is listed under the Chemical Weapons Convention and releases toxic sulfur oxide when react with carboxylic acid. We successfully synthesized series of pyrazinamide analogues using the Yamaguchi reaction. The synthesis involved reaction of pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid with various aliphatic and aromatic amines in the presence of Yamaguchi reagent and 4-dimethylaminopyridine. The yield of the pyrazine-2-carboxamides and the reaction time depended on the type of the amine (aliphatic vs aromatic), substitution pattern, and number of substituents on the aromatic amines. N-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamides can be prepared by this method in 81% yield; N-(2-ethylhexyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide and N-(4-fluorobenzyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide showed the best activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (6.25 μg/mL). This result could lead to find more active pyrazinamide analogues.
- Wati, First A.,Adyarini, Prisna U.,Fatmawati, Sri,Santoso, Mardi
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p. 2157 - 2163
(2020/10/02)
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- Halogen bonding synthon modularity in coordination compounds
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In this Communication, the modulation of halogen bonding synthons in the crystal structure of [HgBr2(L3,4-diCl)] from [HgBr2(L3-Cl)] and [HgBr2(L4-Cl)], as single components, where L is a N
- Khavasi, Hamid Reza,Norouzi, Fataneh,Azhdari Tehrani, Alireza
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p. 2579 - 2583
(2015/06/16)
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- Strengthening N...X halogen bonding via nitrogen substitution in the aromatic framework of halogen-substituted arylpyrazinamides
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The importance of N...X halogen bonding in a series of N-(5-halo-2-pyridinyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamides has been investigated by different methods. The results show that when nitrogen is substituted for carbon in the aryl backbone of the parent compound, it can affect the electron accepting ability of bromine and iodine substituents. Thus, a stronger halogen bond can be formed. This journal is the Partner Organisations 2014.
- Khavasi, Hamid Reza,Hosseini, Mahdieh,Tehrani, Alireza Azhdari,Naderi, Soheila
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p. 4546 - 4553
(2014/05/20)
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- Effect of halogen bonding interaction on supramolecular assembly of halogen-substituted phenylpyrazinamides
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A series of halogen-substituted phenylpyrazinamides have been synthesized and crystallographically characterized in order to investigate the effect of halogen bonding interaction on supramolecular assembly of N-phenylpyrazine-2- carboxamide derivatives. The notable feature in crystal structures of meta- and para-iodinated, brominated and chlorinated compounds is that there is a tendency to form a halogen bonding synthon between adjacent halophenyl and prazine/halophenyl rings. Influence of these halogen bonding interactions on supramolecular assemblies have been discussed with the help of geometrical analysis and theoretical calculations. The X...N halogen bonding distances are 2.2-7.7% shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii of the nitrogen and halogen atoms. Also, theoretical methods show the N...X halogen bonding energies within a range of -9.43 to -23.67 kJ mol-1. Our studies show that the selection of halogen atom as well as the position of substitution on phenylpyrazinamide compound may be important for crystal design based on halogen bonding.
- Khavasi, Hamid Reza,Tehrani, Alireza Azhdari
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p. 3222 - 3235
(2013/06/27)
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- Synthesis and antitubercular evaluation of N-Arylpyrazine and N,Na-Alkyl-diylpyrazine-2-carboxamide derivatives
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Two series of pyrazinamide (PZA) derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Some compounds exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration activity of 50-100 μg/mL, greater than the first line antituberculosis drug PZA in Alamar Blue assay (>100 μg/mL). The obtained activities can be considered promising results, which characterizes these compounds as good start points to development of new antitubercular agents.
- Bispo, Marcelle De Lima Ferreira,Goncalves, Raoni Schroeder Borges,Lima, Camilo Henrique Da Silva,Cardoso, Laura Nogueira De Faria,Lourenco, Maria Cristina Silva,De Souza, Marcus Vinicius Nora
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p. 1317 - 1322
(2013/02/22)
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- Synthesis, antimycobacterial, antifungal and photosynthesis-inhibiting activity of chlorinated N-phenylpyrazine-2-carboxamides
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A series of sixteen pyrazinamide analogues with the -CONH- linker connecting the pyrazine and benzene rings was synthesized by the condensation of chlorides of substituted pyrazinecarboxylic acids with ring-substituted (chlorine) anilines. The prepared compounds were characterized and evaluated for their antimycobacterial and antifungal activity, and for their ability to inhibit photosynthetic electron transport (PET). 6-Chloro-N-(4-chlorophenyl) pyrazine-2-carboxamide manifested the highest activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv (65% inhibition at 6.25 μg/mL). The highest antifungal effect against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, the most susceptible fungal strain tested, was found for 6-chloro-5-tert-butyl-N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) pyrazine-2-carboxamide (MIC = 62.5 μmol/L). 6-Chloro-5-tert-butyl-N-(4- chlorophenyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide showed the highest PET inhibition in spinach chloroplasts (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts (IC50 = 43.0 μmol/L). For all the compounds, the relationships between the lipophilicity and the chemical structure of the studied compounds as well as their structureactivity relationships are discussed.
- Dolezal, Martin,Zitko, Jan,Osicka, Zdenek,Kunes, Jiri,Vejsova, Marcela,Buchta, Vladimir,Dohnal, Jiri,Jampilek, Josef,Kralova, Katarina
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experimental part
p. 8567 - 8581
(2011/03/20)
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