- Discovery of Selective Inhibitors Targeting Acetylcholinesterase 1 from Disease-Transmitting Mosquitoes
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Vector control of disease-transmitting mosquitoes is increasingly important due to the re-emergence and spread of infections such as malaria and dengue. We have conducted a high throughput screen (HTS) of 17,500 compounds for inhibition of the essential AChE1 enzymes from the mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti. In a differential HTS analysis including the human AChE, several structurally diverse, potent, and selective noncovalent AChE1 inhibitors were discovered. For example, a phenoxyacetamide-based inhibitor was identified with a 100-fold selectivity for the mosquito over the human enzyme. The compound also inhibited a resistance conferring mutant of AChE1. Structure-selectivity relationships could be proposed based on the enzymes' 3D structures; the hits' selectivity profiles appear to be linked to differences in two loops that affect the structure of the entire active site. Noncovalent inhibitors of AChE1, such as the ones presented here, provide valuable starting points toward insecticides and are complementary to existing and new covalent inhibitors.
- Engdahl, Cecilia,Knutsson, Sofie,Ekstr?m, Fredrik,Linusson, Anna
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- (Trifluoromethylselenyl)methylchalcogenyl as Emerging Fluorinated Groups: Synthesis under Photoredox Catalysis and Determination of the Lipophilicity
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The synthesis of molecules bearing (trifluoromethylselenyl)methylchalcogenyl groups is described via an efficient two-step strategy based on a metal-free photoredox catalyzed decarboxylative trifluoromethylselenolation with good yields up to 88 %, which raised to 98 % in flow chemistry conditions. The flow methods allowed also to scale up the reaction. The mechanism of this key reaction was studied. The physicochemical characterization of these emerging groups was performed by determining their Hansch–Leo lipophilicity parameters with high values up to 2.24. This reaction was also extended to perfluoroalkylselenolation with yields up to 95 %. Finally, this method was successfully applied to the functionalization of relevant bioactive molecules such as tocopherol or estrone derivatives.
- Grollier, Kevin,De Zordo-Banliat, Arnaud,Bourdreux, Flavien,Pegot, Bruce,Dagousset, Guillaume,Magnier, Emmanuel,Billard, Thierry
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supporting information
p. 6028 - 6033
(2021/03/15)
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- Design and synthesis of α-phenoxy-N-sulfonylphenyl acetamides as Trypanosoma brucei Leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors
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Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), caused by the parasitic protozoa Trypanosoma brucei, is one of the fatal diseases in tropical areas and current medicines are insufficient. Thus, development of new drugs for HAT is urgently needed. Leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS), a recently clinically validated antimicrobial target, is an attractive target for development of antitrypanosomal drugs. In this work, we report a series of α-phenoxy-N-sulfonylphenyl acetamides as T. brucei LeuRS inhibitors. The most potent compound 28g showed an IC50 of 0.70 μM which was 250-fold more potent than the starting hit compound 1. The structure-activity relationship was also discussed. These acetamides provided a new scaffold and lead compounds for the further development of clinically useful antitrypanosomal agents.
- Xin, Weixiang,Li, Zezhong,Wang, Qing,Du, Jin,Zhu, Mingyan,Zhou, Huchen
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- N-aryl 2-aryloxyacetamides as a new class of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitors
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Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is a promising target for the development of drugs to treat neurological diseases. In search of new FAAH inhibitors, we identified 2-(4-cyclohexylphenoxy)-N-(3-(oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)acetamide, 4g, with an IC50 of 2.6 μM as a chemical starting point for the development of potent FAAH inhibitors. Preliminary hit-to-lead optimisation resulted in 2-(4-phenylphenoxy)-N-(3-(oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)acetamide, 4i, with an IC50 of 0.35 μM.
- Sunduru, Naresh,Svensson, Mona,Cipriano, Mariateresa,Marwaha, Sania,Andersson, C. David,Svensson, Richard,Fowler, Christopher J.,Elofsson, Mikael
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p. 513 - 521
(2017/11/10)
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- Radical decarboxylative fluorination of aryloxyacetic acids using N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide and a photosensitizer
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Fluorinated methoxy arenes are emerging as important motifs in both agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. A novel technique for the synthesis of monofluoromethoxy arenes through the direct fluorodecarboxylation of carboxylic acids was developed that uses photosensitizers and N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI). Utilization of the oxidatively mild fluorine transfer agent NFSI enabled the synthesis of fluoromethyl ethers that were previously inaccessible with decarboxylative fluorinations performed with Selectfluor. Mechanistic studies are consistent with the photosensitizer effecting oxidation of the aryloxyacetic acid.
- Leung, Joe C. T.,Sammis, Glenn M.
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supporting information
p. 2197 - 2204
(2015/04/14)
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- Direct C-F bond formation using photoredox catalysis
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We have developed the first example of a photoredox catalytic method for the formation of carbon-fluorine (C-F) bonds. The mechanism has been studied using transient absorption spectroscopy and involves a key single-electron transfer from the 3MLCT (triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer) state of Ru(bpy)32+ to Selectfluor. Not only does this represent a new reaction for photoredox catalysis, but the mild reaction conditions and use of visible light also make it a practical improvement over previously developed UV-mediated decarboxylative fluorinations.
- Rueda-Becerril, Montserrat,Mahe, Olivier,Drouin, Myriam,Majewski, Marek B.,West, Julian G.,Wolf, Michael O.,Sammis, Glenn M.,Paquin, Jean-Francois
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supporting information
p. 2637 - 2641
(2014/03/21)
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- Copper(II)-catalyzed hydroxylation of aryl halides using glycolic acid as a ligand
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Copper(II)-catalyzed hydroxylation of aryl halides has been developed to afford functionalized phenols. The protocol utilizes the reagent combination of Cu(OH)2, glycolic acid, and NaOH in aqueous DMSO, all of which are cheap, readily available, and easily removable after the reaction. A broad range of aryl iodides and activated aryl bromides were transformed into the corresponding phenols in excellent yields. Moreover, it has been shown that C-O(alkyl)-coupled product, instead of phenol, can be predominantly formed under similar reaction conditions.
- Xiao, Yan,Xu, Yongnan,Cheon, Hwan-Sung,Chae, Junghyun
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p. 5804 - 5809
(2013/07/25)
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- Oxadiazole-isopropylamides as potent and noncovalent proteasome inhibitors
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Screening of the 50 000 ChemBridge compound library led to the identification of the oxadiazole-isopropylamide 1 (PI-1833) which inhibited chymotrypsin-like (CT-L) activity (IC50 = 0.60 μM) with little effects on the other two major proteasome proteolytic activities, trypsin-like (T-L) and postglutamyl-peptide-hydrolysis-like (PGPH-L). LC-MS/MS and dialysis show that 1 is a noncovalent and rapidly reversible CT-L inhibitor. Focused library synthesis provided 11ad (PI-1840) with CT-L activity (IC50 = 27 nM). Detailed SAR studies indicate that the amide moiety and the two phenyl rings are sensitive toward modifications. Hydrophobic residues, such as propyl or butyl in the para position (not ortho or meta) of the A-ring and a m-pyridyl group as B-ring, significantly improve activity. Compound 11ad (IC50 = 0.37 μM) is more potent than 1 (IC50 = 3.5 μM) at inhibiting CT-L activity in intact MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer cells and inhibiting their survival. The activity of 11ad warrants further preclinical investigation of this class as noncovalent proteasome inhibitors.
- Ozcan, Sevil,Kazi, Aslamuzzaman,Marsilio, Frank,Fang, Bin,Guida, Wayne C.,Koomen, John,Lawrence, Harshani R.,Sebti, Sa?d M.
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supporting information
p. 3783 - 3805
(2013/06/27)
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- Discovery of a novel series of benzimidazole derivatives as diacylglycerol acyltransferase inhibitors
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A novel series of benzimidazole derivatives was prepared and evaluated for their diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) inhibitory activity using microsome from rat liver. Among the newly synthesized compounds, furfurylamine containing benzimidazole carboxamide 10j showed the most potent DGAT inhibitory effect (IC50= 4.4 μM) and inhibited triglyceride formation in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, compound 10j reduced body weight gain of Institute of Cancer Research mice on a high-fat diet and decreased levels of total triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol in the blood accompanied with a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol level.
- Lee, Kyeong,Goo, Ja-Il,Jung, Hwa Young,Kim, Minkyoung,Boovanahalli, Shanthaveerappa K.,Park, Hye Ran,Kim, Mun-Ock,Kim, Dong-Hyun,Lee, Hyun Sun,Choi, Yongseok
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supporting information
p. 7456 - 7460
(2013/02/22)
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- PROTEASOME CHYMOTRYPSIN-LIKE INHIBITION USING PI-1833 ANALOGS
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Focused library synthesis and medicinal chemistry on an oxadiazole- isopropylamide core proteasome inhibitor provided the lead compound that strongly inhibits CT-L activity. Structure activity relationship studies indicate the amide moiety and two phenyl rings are sensitive toward synthetic modifications. Only para-substitution in the A-ring was important to maintain potent CT-L inhibitory activity. Hydrophobic residues in the A-ring?s para-position and meta-pyridyl group at the B- ring significantly improved inhibition. The meta-pyridyl moiety improved cell permeability. The length of the aliphatic chain at the para position of the A-ring is critical with propyl yielding the most potent inhibitor, whereas shorter (i.e. ethyl, methyl or hydrogen) or longer (i.e. butyl, propyl and hexyl) chains demonstrating progressively less potency. Introduction of a stereogenic center next to the ether moiety (i.e. substitution of one of the hydrogens by methyl) demonstrated chiral discrimination in proteasome CT-L activity inhibition (the S-enantiomer was 35-40 fold more potent than the R-enantiomer)
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Page/Page column 57
(2012/10/08)
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- Boron-containing phenoxyacetanilide derivatives as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α inhibitors
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A series of boron-containing phenoxyacetanilide derivatives 8a-f, 9a-f, 15, and 16 were synthesized as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α inhibitors. Among the compounds synthesized, carboranylphenoxyacetanilide 16 (GN26361) was found to be a potent inhibitor against HIF-1α accumulation under hypoxic conditions and inhibited the hypoxia-induced HIF-1 transcriptional activity in HeLa cells (IC50 = 0.74 μM). Compound 16 suppressed hypoxia-induced HIF-1α accumulation and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting the expression of HIF-1α mRNA.
- Shimizu, Kazuki,Maruyama, Minako,Yasui, Yuka,Minegishi, Hidemitsu,Ban, Hyun Seung,Nakamura, Hiroyuki
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scheme or table
p. 1453 - 1456
(2010/07/06)
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- Ramoplanin derivatives possessing antibacterial activity
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Novel ramoplanin derivatives are disclosed. These ramoplanin derivatives exhibit antibacterial activity. As the compounds of the subject invention exhibit potent activities against gram positive bacteria, they are useful antimicrobial agents. Methods of synthesis and of use of the compounds are also disclosed.
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Page/Page column 40; 59
(2010/11/23)
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- Amine compounds, their production and use
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The present invention provides a compound of the formula: wherein Ar represents an aromatic group which may be substituted; X represents methylene, S, SO, SO2or CO; Y represents a spacer having a main chain of 2 to 5 atoms; n represents an integer of 1 to 5; i) R1and R2each represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl which may be substituted, ii) R1and R2form, taken together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring which may be substituted, or iii) R1or R2together with —(CH2)n—N═ form, bonded to a component atom of Ring B, a spiro-ring which may be substituted; Ring A represents an aromatic ring which may be substituted; Ring B represents a 4- to 7-membered nitrogen-containing non-aromatic ring which may be further substituted by alkyl or acyl, with a proviso that X represents S, SO, SO2or CO when Ring A has as a substituent a group represented by the formula: —NHCOR11 where R11represents alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl or a group represented by the formula: —NHR12 where R12represents alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl or arylalkyl, or a salt thereof; which has an excellent somatostatin receptor binding inhibition action.
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- Structure-activity relationship of orally potent tripeptide-based HIV protease inhibitors containing hydroxymethylcarbonyl isostere
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We designed and synthesized a new class of peptidomimetic human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors containing a unique unnatural amino acid, allophenylnorstatine [Apns; (2S,3S)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid], with a hydroxymethylcarbonyl isostere as the active moiety. From a structure-activity relationship study of HIV-1 protease inhibition, enzyme selectivity for other aspartyl proteases, the antiviral activity and pharmacokinetics in rats, 24c (KNI-227) and 24d (KNI-272, our first clinical candidate) were found to be selective and orally potent HIV protease inhibitors. Moreover, an improvement of the pharmacokinetic features of KNI-272 provided two long-lasting and highly bioavailable compounds (24g: JE-2178,h: JE-2179).
- Mimoto, Tsutomu,Hattori, Naoko,Takaku, Haruo,Kisanuki, Sumitsugu,Fukazawa, Tominaga,Terashima, Keisuke,Kato, Ryohei,Nojima, Satoshi,Misawa, Satoru,Ueno, Takamasa,Imai, Junya,Enomoto, Hiroshi,Tanaka, Shigeki,Sakikawa, Hiroshi,Shintani, Makoto,Hayashi, Hideya,Kiso, Yoshiaki
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p. 1310 - 1326
(2007/10/03)
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- Discovery of potent nonpeptide inhibitors of stromelysin using SAR by NMR
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With the use of an NMR-based method, potent (IC50 25 nM) nonpeptide inhibitors of the matrix metalloproteinase stromelysin (MMP-3) were discovered. The method, called SAR by NMR (for structure-activity relationships by nuclear magnetic resonance), involves the identification, optimization, and linking of compounds that bind to proximal sites on a protein. Using this technique, two ligands that bind weakly to stromelysin (acetohydroxamic acid, K(D) = 17 mM; 3-(cyanomethyl)-4'-hydroxybiphenyl, K(D) = 0.02 mM) were identified. On the basis of NMR-derived structural information, the two fragments were connected to produce a 15 nM inhibitor of this enzyme. This compound was rapidly discovered (less than 6 months) and required only a minimal amount of chemical synthesis. These studies indicate that the SAR by NMR method can be effectively applied to enzymes to yield potent lead inhibitors-an important part of the drug discovery process.
- Hajduk,Sheppard,Nettesheim,Olejniczak,Shuker,Meadows,Steinman,Carrera Jr.,Marcotte,Severin,Walter,Smith,Gubbins,Simmer,Holzman,Morgan,Davidsen,Summers,Fesik
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p. 5818 - 5827
(2007/10/03)
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