133909-96-3

(matrix presented) A Pd(OAc)2/diazabutadiene system has been developed for the catalytic cross-coupling of aryl halides with arylboronic acids. A combination of the diazabutadiene DAB-Cy (1, N,N′-dicyclohexyl-1,4-dizabutadiene) and Pd(OAc)2 was found to form an excellent catalyst for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of various aryl bromides and activated aryl chlorides with arylboronic acids.

The invention relates to a synthesis method of a substituted biphenyl compound, which comprises the steps of under the catalysis of 1, 3-bis (2, 6-diisopropyl benzene) imidazole-2-yl subunit] (3-chloropyridyl) palladium dichloride (I I), coupling a Knochel metal reagent and halogenated benzene to obtain the substituted biphenyl compound. Based on the method, the Knochel metal reagent and halogenated benzene are taken as a substrate, PEPPSI-IPr is taken as a catalyst of a coupling reaction, the reaction is rapid, the activity is high, the efficiency and the yield of the coupling reaction are remarkably improved, sensitive groups such as cyano groups and ester groups have good tolerance to the metal reagent, and then the range of the substrate is greatly widened.

A highly efficient catalyst for the direct C-H arylation of simple arenes was developed on the basis of a palladium-diimine complex. The developed catalyst exhibited the highest turnover number reported to date for the direct arylation of benzene due to increased stability provided by the diimine ligand. The reaction was also performed using only 2-3 equiv of simple arenes. Mechanistic studies in combination with kinetic measurements, isotope effect experiments, synthesis of possible intermediates, and stoichiometric reactions suggested that this reaction follows a cooperative bimetallic mechanism.

Pd-catalyzed highly para-selective arylations of monosubstituted simple arenes with arylboronic acids to widely existed biaryls have been developed. Inspired by requisite amide-directing groups in reported selective oxidative couplings, amide ligands, especially DMF, are designed and found to be critical for the selectivity control in current arylations.

A variety of functionalised biaryls were synthesised on the 20-30 mmol scale by using Knochel type organozinc reagents (organozinc reagents prepared from aryl halides, Zn powder and LiCl) catalysed by PEPPSI (a pyridine enhanced palladium catalyst). The protocol enabled the Negishi reactions to proceed in a smooth, rapid and mild way to give the corresponding products in excellent yields (80 ～ 96%). Sensitive functional groups, such as CN and COOEt groups, were tolerated in the coupling reaction.

We report the synthesis of 2-(anthracen-9-yl)-1H-inden-3-yl dicyclohexylphosphine and its use in palladium-catalyzed borylation/Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction to prepare a variety of symmetrical and unsymmetrical biaryl compounds in excellent yield. This journal is

The restriction of decarboxylative cross-coupling reactions to ortho-substituted or heterocyclic carboxylate substrates was overcome by holistic optimization of a bimetallic Cu/Pd catalyst system. The combination of a CuI/Me4phen decarboxylation catalyst and a [(MeCN)4Pd](OTf)2/XPhos cross-coupling catalyst enables the synthesis of biaryls from inexpensive aryl chlorides and potassium benzoates regardless of their substitution pattern. Lifting the restriction: A combination of a CuI/Me4phen decarboxylation catalyst and a [(MeCN)4Pd](OTf)2/XPhos cross-coupling catalyst enables the synthesis of biaryls from inexpensive aryl chlorides and potassium benzoates regardless of their substitution pattern (see scheme; FG=functional group). This approach lifts the restriction of decarboxylative cross-coupling reactions to ortho-substituted or heterocyclic carboxylate substrates.

A highly efficient nickel/triarylphosphine catalyst system, Ni[P(4-MeOPh)3]2Cl2/2P(4-MeOPh)3, has been developed for cross-coupling of diarylborinic acids with a wide range of aryl chlorides. A variety of unsymmetrical biaryl and heterobiaryl compounds with various functional groups and steric hindrance could be obtained in good to excellent yields using 0.5-2 mol % catalyst loadings in the presence of K 3PO4·3H2O in toluene. The high atom economy of diarylborinic acids and cost-effectiveness of the nickel/phosphine catalyst system make the cross-coupling truly practical in the production of biaryl fine chemicals. Usefulness of the nickel/phosphine catalyzed cross-coupling of diarylborinic acids with aryl chlorides has been demonstrated in the development of a scalable and economical process for synthesis of 4′-methyl-2-cyanobiphenyl, Sartan biphenyl.

Efficient bis(phosphine)nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings of diarylborinic acids with aryl chlorides, tosylates, and sulfamates have been effected with an assistance of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) generated in situ from N,N′-dialkylimidazoliums, e.g., N-butyl-N′-methylimidazolium bromide ([Bmim]Br), in toluene using K3PO4·3H2O as base. In contrast to bis(NHC)nickel-catalyzed conventional Suzuki coupling of arylboronic acids, mono(NHC)bis(phosphine)nickel species generated in situ from Ni(PPh3)2Cl2/[Bmim]Br displayed high catalytic activities in the cross-couplings of diarylborinic acids. The structural influences from diarylborinic acids were found to be rather small, while electronic factors from aryl chlorides, tosylates, and sulfamates affected the couplings remarkably. The couplings of electronically activated aryl chlorides, tosylates, and sulfamates could be efficiently effected with 1.5 mol % NiCl2(PPh3)2/[Bmim]Br as catalyst precursor to give the biaryl products in excellent yields, while 3-5 mol % loadings had to be used for the couplings of non- and deactivated ones. A small ortho-substitutent on the aromatic ring of aryl chlorides, tosylates, and sulfamates was tolerable. Applicability of the nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings in practical synthesis of fine chemicals has been demonstrated in process development for a third-generation topical retinoid, Adapalene.

A ligand-free Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl sulfinates with aryl bromides has been developed. A variety of aryl bromides and aryl sulfinates undergo this transformation to yield the desired biaryl in a practical and economical manner. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart New York.

The latest scientific findings concerning PDE7 and PDE4 inhibition suggest that selective small-molecule inhibitors of both enzymes could provide a novel approach to treat a variety of immunological diseases. In this context, we describe a new series of quinazoline derivatives from quinazolin-4-thiones which include a substituted biphenyl fragment. Some of these compounds show inhibitory potencies at sub-micromolar levels against the catalytic domain of PDE7.

Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) induces neuroprotective effects, e.g. decreases β-amyloid production and reduces tau hyperphosphorylation, which are both associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The two isoforms of GSK-3 in mammalians are GSK-3α and β, which share 98% homology in their catalytic domains. We investigated GSK-3 inhibitors based on 2 different scaffolds in order to elucidate the demands of the ATP-binding pocket [1]. Particularly, the oxadiazole scaffold provided potent and selective GSK-3 inhibitors. For example, the most potent inhibitor of the present series, the acetamide 26d, is characterized by an IC50 of 2 nM for GSK-3α and 17 nM for GSK-3β. In addition, the benzodioxane 8g showed up to 27-fold selectivity for GSK-3α over GSK-3β, with an IC 50 of 35 nM for GSK-3α. Two GSK-3 inhibitors were further profiled for efficacy and toxicity in the wild-type (wt) zebrafish embryo assay to evaluate simultaneously permeability and safety.

Reactions of 1,3-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium hexafluorophosphate, ([HL1](PF6), L1 = 1,3-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl) imidazolylidene) and 1,3-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-3-ium hexafluorophosphate ([HL2](PF6), L2 = 1,3-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl) benzoimidazolylidene) with cuprous oxide in acetonitrile readily yielded trinuclear complexes [Cu3(L1)3(PF6) 3] (1) and [Cu3(L2)3(PF6) 3] (2). Treatment of 1 with Ni(PPh3)2Cl 2 and Pd(cod)Cl2 gave [Ni(L1)Cl](PF6) (3) and [Pd(L1)Cl](PF6) (4), respectively, due to transmetalation. [Ni(L1)2](PF6)2 (5) was obtained from the reaction of [Cu3(L1)3(PF6)3] and Raney nickel in acetonitrile. All these complexes have been fully characterized. Both 1 and 2 consist of a triangular Cu3 core with each Cu-Cu bond capped by an imidazolylidene group. Each imidazolylidene acts as a bridging ligand in a μ2 mode and is bonded equally to two Cu(I) ions. The pincer nickel and palladium complexes are square-planar and contain a tridentate NCN ligand. Complexes 3 and 4 are efficient catalyst precursors for Kumada-Corriu and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions of aryl halides with organometallic reagents.

Let it flow: An efficient and modular synthesis of biaryls under continuous-flow conditions has been realized by a lithiation/borylation/Suzuki- Miyaura cross-coupling sequence under ambient conditions. Aryl bromides and heteroaromatic precursors can be t

The Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of aryl bromides using 3-(2-aminoethylamino) propyl-functionalized MCM-41-immobilized palladium(II) complex [MCM-41-2N-Pd(II)] as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst is described. Developed catalytic system is found to be effective for the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of aryl bromides with arylboronic acids providing good to excellent yield of the desired products. This heterogeneous palladium catalyst can be reused at least 10 times without any decrease in activity. Our system not only avoids the use of phosphine ligands, but also solves the basic problem of palladium catalyst recovery and reuse.

Sodium tert-butoxide mediates the coupling of aryl halides with benzene derivatives without the aid of transition metal catalysts but with a catalytic 1,10-phenanthroline derivative.

(Figure presented) The first general examples of palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-type cross-coupling of aryl and heteroaryl mesylates with potassium aryl and heteroaryltrifluoroborates are presented. In addition to biaryl couplings, the cross-coupling reactions of aryl mesylates with alkyl and vinyltrifluoroborate salts have also been successfully accomplished.

Competition experiments have been performed to determine the relative reactivities of substituted bromobenzenes and of different arylzinc reagents in the [Pd(PPh3)4]-catalyzed Negishi cross-coupling reaction in THF at 25 °C. The crosscoupling reactions are accelerated by electron acceptors in the bromobenzenes, the effect of which increases in the order ortho a larger effect than substituent variations in the arylzinc halides (ρ = -0.98).

A bimetallic catalyst system has been developed that for the first time allows the decarboxylative crosscoupling of aryl and acyl carboxylates with aryl triflates. In contrast to aryl halides, these electrophiles give rise to non-coordinating anions as byproducts, which do not interfere with the decarboxylation step that leads to the generation of the carbon nucleophilic crosscoupling partner. As a result, the scope of carboxylate substrates usable in this transformation was extended from ortho-substituted or otherwise activated derivatives to a broad range of ortho-, meta-, and para-substituted aromatic carboxylates. Two alternative protocols have been optimized, one involving heating the substrates in the presence of CuI/1,10- phenanthroline (10-15 mol %) and PdI2/phosphine (23 mol%) in NMP for 1-24 h, the other involving CuI/l,10-phenanthroline (615mol%) and PdBr2/Tol-BINAP (2 mol % ) in NMP using microwave heating for 5-10 min. While most products are accessible using standard heating, the use of microwave irradiation was found to be beneficial especially for the conversion of non-activated carboxylates with functionalized aryl triflates. The synthetic utility of the transformation is demonstrated with 48 examples showing the scope and limitations of both protocols. In mechanistic studies, the special role of microwave irradiation is elucidated, and further perspectives of decarboxylase crosscouplings are discussed.

(Chemical Equation Presented) We describe the first nickel-N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed Negishi cross-coupling reaction of a variety of unactivated aryl chlorides, heterocyclic chlorides, aryl dichlorides, and vinyl chloride. The mononuclear and binuclear nickel-NHC complexes supported by heteroarene-functionalized NHC ligands are found to be highly efficient for the coupling of unactivated aryl chlorides and organozinc reagents, leading to biaryls and terphenyls in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. For all aryl chlorides, the binuclear nickel catalysts show activities higher than those of mononuclear nickel complexes because of possible bimetallic cooperative effect.

A new catalyst system, generated in situ from Cu2O, 1,10-phenanthroline, PdI2, and Tol-BINAP, for the first time allows the decarboxylative coupling of carboxylic acids with aryl triflates. In contrast to previous decarboxylative couplings that remained limited to certain activated carboxylates, e.g., ortho-substituted benzoates, this halide-free protocol is generally applicable to aromatic carboxylic acid salts regardless of their substitution pattern. Copyright

A new palladium catalyzed protocol for an atom-efficient cross-coupling reaction of triarylbismuths with aryl halides and triflates has been described. The palladium catalytic system with Cs2CO3 base was found to be very efficient in DMA solvent to furnish excellent yields of cross-coupled functionalized biaryls in short reaction times.

(Chemical Equation Presented) The Kumada cross-coupling reaction of a variety of unactivated aryl chlorides, vinyl chlorides, and heteroaryl chlorides catalyzed by nickel(II) complexes containing pyridine-functionalized NHC ligands is described. The catalysts are so active that the reactions proceed at room temperature in excellent yields.

The catalyst composed of 0.25-0.025 mol % of [Pd(allyl)Cl]2 and 0.5-0.05 mol % of the thioether-imidazolium chloride 3c was proven to be efficient in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of aryl bromides with arylboronic acids.

A series of well-defined, air- and moisture-stable (NHC)Pd(allyl)CI (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) complexes has been used in several catalytic reactions: Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling, catalytic dehalogenation of aryl halides, and aryl amination. The scope of the three processes using various substrates was examined. A general system involving the use of (IPr)Pd(allyl)Cl as catalyst and NaOtBu as base has proven to be highly active for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of activated and unactivated aryl chlorides and bromides, for the catalytic dehalogenation of aryl chlorides, and for the catalytic aryl amination of aryl triflates. All reactions proceed in short reaction times and at mild temperatures. The system has also proven to be compatible with the microwave-assisted Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and catalytic dehalogenation processes, affording yields similar to those of the conventionally heated analogous reactions.

A series of benzoxazinone derivatives was designed and synthesized as factor Xa inhibitors. We demonstrated that the naphthyl moiety in the aniline-based compounds 1 and 2 can be replaced with benzene-fused heterobicycles and biaryls to give factor Xa inh

Optimization of the benzimidazole-based fXa inhibitors for selectivity versus thrombin and trypsin was achieved by substitution on the benzimidazole ring and replacement of the naphthylamidine group. Substitution of a nitro group at the 4-position on the benzimidazole improves both potency against fXa and selectivity versus thrombin. Alternatively, replacement of the naphthylamidine with either a biphenylamidine or propenylbenzamidine not only improves fXa potency and selectivity versus thrombin, but selectivity versus trypsin as well.

In THF, a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of organomanganese reagents with various aryl bromides including unreactive deactivated or hindered aryl bromides was performed successfully in the presence of a new catalytic system 1% PdCl2(dppp)-four equivalents DME. The scope of the reaction is very broad since many functional groups are tolerated, moreover, even hindered O,O′-di- or trisubstituted diaryls were obtained in high yields. It is interesting to note that hindered aryl bromides are more reactive than the corresponding aryl iodides. Alkyl, alkenyl and alkynylmanganese chlorides also react under similar conditions.

Cleavage conditions are described which allow resin bound secondary amides to be liberated from Sieber or Rink resin as nitriles. The method has been applied to the synthesis of a series of cyanobiaryls. Published by 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd.

PCT No. PCT/IB97/00266 Sec. 371 Date Sep. 29, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date Sep. 29, 1998 PCT Filed Feb. 24, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO97/30970 PCT Pub. Date Aug. 28, 1997The invention concerns a method for the production of unsymmetrically substituted cyanobiphenyls by the slow addition of an aryl Grignard compound to an optionally substituted bromobenzonitrile in the presence of a palladium complex catalyst.

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A new series of nonpeptide angiotensin II (AII) receptor antagonists has been prepared.These N-(biphenylylmethyl)imidazoles, e.g. 2-butyl-1--4-chloro-5-(hydroxymethyl)imidazole, differ from the previously reported N-(benzamidobenzyl)imidazoles and related compounds in that they produce a potent antihypertensive effect upon oral administration; the earlier series generally were active only when administered intravenously.It has been found that the acidic group at the 2'-position of the biphenyl is essential.Only ortho-substituted acids possess both high affinity for the AII receptor and good oral antihypertensive potency.The carboxylic acid group has been replaced with a variety of acidic isosteres, and the tetrazole ring has been found to be the most effective.The tetrazole derivative, DuP 753, is currently in development for the treatment of hypertension.