- Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a novel dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/delta agonist for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease through anti-inflammatory mechanisms
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Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major feature of the final stage of nearly all cause types of diabetes mellitus (DM). To date, few safe and effective drugs are available to treat. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), comprised of three members: PPAR-α, PPAR-δ and PPAR-γ, play a protective role in the DKD through glycemic control and lipid metabolism, whereas systemic activation of PPAR-γ causes serious side-effects in clinical trials. GFT505 is a dual PPAR-α/δ agonist, and the selectivity against PPAR-γ is still to be improved. Sulfuretin has been shown to suppress the expression of PPAR-γ and improve the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. In this study, by hybridizing the carboxylic acid of GFT505 and the parent nucleus of sulfuretin, we pioneeringly designed and synthetized a series of novel dual PPAR-α/δ agonists, expecting to provide a better benefit/risk ratio for PPARs. Of all the synthesized compounds, compound 12 was identified with highly activity on PPAR-α/δ and higher selectivity against PPAR-γ than that of GFT505 (EC50: hPPAR-α: 0.26 μM vs.0.76 μM; hPPAR-δ: 0.50 μM vs.0.73 μM; hPPAR-γ: 4.22 μM vs.2.79 μM). The molecular docking studies also depicted good binding affinity of compound 12 for PPAR-α and PPAR-δ compared to GFT505. Furthermore, compound 12 exhibited an evidently renoprotective effect on the DKD through inhibiting inflammatory process, which might at least partly via JNK/NF-κB pathways in vivo and in vitro. Overall, compound 12 hold therapeutic promise for DKD.
- Liu, Kai,Zhao, Xing,Qi, Xue,Hou, Dong-Liang,Li, Hao-Bin,Gu, Yu-Hao,Xu, Qing-Long
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- Drug design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of substituted benzofurans as hsp90 inhibitors
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Background: Heat shock protein 90 is a molecular chaperone required for the stability and function of several client proteins that promote cancer cell growth and/or survival. Discovery of Hsp90 inhibitors has emerged as an attractive target of research in cancer therapeutics. Natural products like geldanamycin and radicicol are established Hsp90 inhibitors, but face limitations with toxicity and inactivity, by in vivo studies respectively. However, they lay the logical starting point for the design of novel synthetic or semi-synthetic congeners as Hsp90 inhibitors. Objective: In this article, the structure based drug design of substituted 2-aryl/heteroarylidene-6- hydroxybenzofuran-3(2H)-one analogues to optimize and mimic the pharmacophoric interactions of the valid Hsp90 inhibitor radicicolis focused. Method: In silico docking study was performed by Surflex dock-Geom (SYBYL- X 1.2 drug discovery suite) and the designed ligands were chemically synthesized by conventional method using resorcinol and chlororesorcinol as starting materials. Two dimensional chemical similarity search was carried out to identify the chemical space of 'SY' series in comparison with reported Hsp90 inhibitors. The in vitro cell proliferation assay (resazurin reduction method) and proteomic investigation (DARTS) was carried out on whole cell lysate to evaluate anticancer activity. Results: The chemical structures of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR and Mass spectral analysis. The results of chemical similarity search show that SY series fit it in the chemical space defined by existing Hsp90 inhibitors. In vitro cell proliferation assay, against human melanoma and breast cancer cell lines, identified 'SY3' as the promising anticancer agent amongst the series. Conclusion: Docking studies, 2D chemical similarity search, resazurin reduction assay and qualitative proteomic analysis identify 'SY3'as a promising Hsp90 inhibitor amongst the series.
- Kadasi, Sundeep,Costa, Thadeu E.M.M.,Arukala, Neha,Toshakani, Mallika,Duggineti, Chaitanya,Thota, Sreekanth,Gupta, Sayan D.,Raj, Shiva,Penido, Carmen,Henriques, Maria G.,Raghavendra, Nulgumnalli M.
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- Discovery and structure-activity relationship studies of 2-benzylidene-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one and benzofuran-3(2H)-one derivatives as a novel class of potential therapeutics for inflammatory bowel disease
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To develop effective therapeutics for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), 2-benzylidene-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one and benzofuran-3(2H)-one derivatives, were designed and synthesized and their structure-activity relationships (SAR) were investigated. Compounds 7, 25, 26, 32, 39, 41, 52, 54, and 55 showed potent inhibitory effect (>70%) on the TNF-α-induced adhesion of monocytes to colon epithelial cells, which is one of the hallmark events leading to IBD. Such inhibitory activity of the compounds correlated with their suppressive activities against the TNF-α-induced production of ROS; ICAM-1 and MCP-1 expression, critical molecules involved in monocyte-epithelial adhesion; and NF-κB transcriptional activity. In addition, compounds 41 and 55 significantly suppressed the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of the TNF-α gene, with compound 55 showing better efficacy. This inhibition of TNF-α expression by compounds 41 and 55 corresponded to their additional inhibitory activity against AP-1 transcriptional activity, which is another transcription factor required for high level TNF-α expression. The strong inhibitory activity of compound 55 against an in vivo colitis model was confirmed by its dose-dependent inhibitory activity in a rat model of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis, demonstrating compound 55 as a new potential candidate for the development of therapeutics against IBD.
- Kadayat, Tara Man,Banskota, Suhrid,Gurung, Pallavi,Bist, Ganesh,Thapa Magar, Til Bahadur,Shrestha, Aarajana,Kim, Jung-Ae,Lee, Eung-Seok
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supporting information
p. 575 - 597
(2017/06/23)
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- Functionalized aurones as inducers of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 that activate AhR/XRE and Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways: Synthesis, evaluation and SAR
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The chemopreventive potential of functionalized aurones and related compounds as inducers of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1, EC 1.6.99.2) are described. Several 4,6-dimethoxy and 5-hydroxyaurones induced NQO1 activity of Hepa1c1c7 cells by 2-fold at submicromolar concentrations, making these the most potent inducers to be identified from this class. Mechanistically, induction of NQO1 was mediated by the activation of AhR/XRE and Nrf2/ARE pathways, indicating that aurones may be mixed activators of NQO1 induction or agents capable of exploiting the proposed cross-talk between the AhR and Nrf2 gene batteries. QSAR analysis by partial least squares projection to latent structures (PLS) identified size parameters, in particular those associated with non-polar surface areas, as an important determinant of induction activity. These were largely determined by the substitution on rings A and B. A stereoelectronic role for the exocyclic double bond as reflected in the E LUMO term was also identified. The electrophilicity of the double bond or its effect on the conformation of the target compound are possible key features for induction activity.
- Lee, Chong-Yew,Chew, Eng-Hui,Go, Mei-Lin
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experimental part
p. 2957 - 2971
(2010/09/03)
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- Synthesis of 2-(p-Chlorobenzyl)-3-aryl-6-methoxybenzofurans as Selective Ligands for Antiestrogen-Binding Sites. Effects on Cell Proliferation and Choresterol Synthesis
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A series of nonsteroidal compounds, 2-(p-chlorobenzyl)-3-aryl-6-methoxybenzofurans derived from the 2-(p-chlorobenzyl)-6-methoxy-3(2H)-benzofuranones has been synthesized.The key steps in the synthesis were reactions of 2-(p-chlorobenzyl)-6-methoxy-3(2H)-benzofuranones with the arylorganometallic reagents followed by dehydration of the resulting carbinols.The benzofurans are ligands for antiestrogen-binding sites (AEBS) and display no significant interaction with the estrogen receptor (ER).All bind to AEBS with equivalent or greater affinity than tamoxifen.These compounds decrease thymidine incorporation in AEBS-containing EL4 lymphoid cells and MCF7 breast cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner between 10-8 and 10-6 M and are generally more inhibitory than tamoxifen.In contrast, they have no effect on thymidine incorporation by an AEBS-deficient variant of the MCF7 cell line, RTx6.The present findings of (1) selective and high affinity binding of the benzofurans to AEBS, (2) their concentration-dependent inhibition of thymidine incorporation in AEBS-containing cells, and (3) their lack of antiproliferative effect in an AEBS-deficient cell line suggest a functional role for AEBS in mediating the antigrowth effect of these compounds.Two of the more active benzofuran compounds also significantly inhibited de novo cholesterol biosynthesis in EL4 cells which lack ER.This effect could be obtained after 5 h of treatment and preceded significant loss of cell viability.This is the first demonstration that selective ligands of AEBS (other than the known nonsteroidal antiestrogens) interfere with cholesterol biosynthesis - an action that may contribute to their antigrowth effect.
- Teo, Chin Chin,Kon, Oi Lian,Sim, Keng Yeow,Ng, Siu Choon
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p. 1330 - 1339
(2007/10/02)
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