- Metal- And solvent-free synthesis of aniline- And phenol-based triarylmethanes: Via Br?nsted acidic ionic liquid catalyzed Friedel-Crafts reaction
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A beneficial, scalable and efficient methodology for the synthesis of aniline-based triarylmethanes has been established through the double Friedel-Crafts reaction of commercial aldehydes and primary, secondary or tertiary anilines using Br?nsted acidic ionic liquid as a powerful catalyst, namely [bsmim][NTf2]. This protocol was successfully performed under metal- and solvent-free conditions with a broad range of substrates, giving the corresponding aniline-based triarylmethane products in good to excellent yields (up to 99%). In addition, alternative aromatic nucleophiles such as phenols and electron-rich arenes were also studied using this useful approach to achieve a diversity of triarylmethane derivatives in high to excellent yields. This journal is
- Jaratjaroonphong, Jaray,Saeeng, Rungnapha,Senapak, Warapong,Sirion, Uthaiwan,ponpao, nipaphorn
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p. 22692 - 22709
(2021/07/21)
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- Br?nsted acid ionic liquids catalyzed Friedel-Crafts Alkylations of electron-rich arenes with aldehydes
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Triarylmethanes (TRAMs) and diarylalkanes (DIAAs) are valuable intermediates with wide applications in many fields. TRAMs are usually obtained from the acid-catalysed bisarylation of activated aryl aldehydes. However, the synthesis poses many problems, such as harsh reaction conditions, and the disposal of the excess solvents and/or toxic metal waste. In this study, some functionalized ionic liquids including Br?nsted acid ionic liquids (BAILs) and traditional ionic liquids were designed and synthesized. BAILs catalyzed Friedel-Crafts (F-C) alkylation was applied in this specific reaction for the first time. And the BAILs showed bifunctional properties acting as catalyst and solvent. Research shows that BAILs can be used for catalyzing F-C alkylations of electron-rich arenes with aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes successfully under mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, BAILs containing triflic anion has higher activity than other BAILs and traditional ionic liquids. [HSO 3-pmim][OTf] gets the highest yields in the presence of 20 mol% of BAILs at 40 °C to give the corresponding TRAMs derivatives. After five cycles, the yields remain about 93-97%. Finally, according to IR spectrum and the experimental validation, the aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction was considered to be the possible catalysis mechanisms.
- Wang, Ailing,Zheng, Xueliang,Zhao, Zhuangzhi,Li, Changping,Cui, Yingna,Zheng, Xuefang,Yin, Jingmei,Yang, Guang
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p. 198 - 204
(2014/07/08)
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- Ruthenium porphyrin catalyzed friedel-crafts type reaction of arenes with imines
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Cationic ruthenium porphyrin complex was found to be an efficient catalyst for the Friedel-Crafts type reaction of arenes with imines. The use of a structurally rigid tetradentate porphyrin as the equatorial ligand and weakly coordinating axial ligand is the key to bring out the catalytic reactivity of ruthenium for the reaction.
- Terada, Takuma,Kurahashi, Takuya,Matsubara, Seijiro
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p. 2415 - 2419
(2012/11/13)
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- A new practical synthesis of triaryl and trisindolylmethanes under solvent-free reaction conditions
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An efficient and practical synthesis of triaryl and trisindolylmethanes is reported via the bisarylation of aryl aldehydes with activated arenes. The new method features mild solvent-free reaction conditions, in most cases nearly stoichiometric reagent ra
- Barbero, Margherita,Cadamuro, Silvano,Dughera, Stefano,Magistris, Claudio,Venturello, Paolo
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 8393 - 8399
(2012/04/04)
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- Friedel-crafts arylation reactions of N -sulfonyl aldimines or sulfonamidesulfones with electron-rich arenes catalyzed by FeCl 3·6H2O: Synthesis of triarylmethanes and bis-heteroarylarylmethanes
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(Figure presented) The FeCl3·6H2O-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts arylation reactions of N-sulfonyl aldimines or sulfonamidesulfones with electron-rich arenes and heteroarenes, which lead to the formation of triarylmethanes and bis-heteroar
- Thirupathi, Ponnaboina,Soo Kim, Sung
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experimental part
p. 5240 - 5249
(2010/10/03)
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- Efficient synthesis of triarylmethanes via bisarylation of aryl aldehydes with arenes catalyzed by silica gel-supported sodium hydrogen sulfate
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An efficient synthesis of triarylmethanes has been developed via bisarylation of aryl aldehydes with arenes catalyzed by silica gel-supported sodium hydrogen sulfate in a solvent-free system. The new method features high yield, mild reaction conditions, a
- Leng, Yixin,Chen, Fang,Zuo, Li,Duan, Wenhu
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experimental part
p. 2370 - 2373
(2010/06/13)
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- Acidities and Homolytic Bond Dissociation Energies (BDEs) of Benzyl-Type C-H Bonds in Sterically Congested Substrates
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Equilibrium acidities in DMSO and BDEs for the benzylic C-H bonds are reported for 19 triphenylmethanes, three 9,10-dihydroanthracenes, and nine xanthenes.The phenyl groups in triphenylmethane, 9-phenyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene, and 9-phenylxanthene are shown to be constrained in their ability to delocalize either the negative charges in the anions formed by loss of a proton or the odd electrons released by loss of hydrogen atom.Analysis of the pKHA values showed, however, that strong solvation of para electron-withdrawing substituents in a phenyl ring of each of these substrates caused the corresponding anion to adopt a conformation where effective conjugative overlap occured between the substituent and the carbanion via the phenyl ring.In other words a conformational change was induced via a substituent solvation assisted resonance (SSAR) effect.In sharp contrast to these large solvation-induced substituent effects on anion stabilities, remote substituent effects on radical stabilities in these congested species were found to be negligible.Substitution of either a p-toluenesulfonyl or CN group into the 9-position of xanthene caused a large increase in acidity, but the p-CH3C6H4SO2 group caused an increase in the BDE of the acidic C-H bond, whereas the CN group caused a small decrease.
- Bordwell, F. G.,Cheng, Jin-Pei,Satish, A. V.,Twyman, Cary L.
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p. 6542 - 6546
(2007/10/02)
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