- Azobenzene-based chloride transporters with light-controllable activities
-
Synthetic chloride transporters containing two urea groups linked through a diazobenzene spacer have been prepared and the trans-to-cis isomerization by light stimulation results in dramatic changes in the chloride transport activities across lipid and ce
- Choi, Ye Rin,Kim, Gyu Chan,Jeon, Hae-Geun,Park, Jinhong,Namkung, Wan,Jeong, Kyu-Sung
-
-
Read Online
- AGONISTS THAT ENHANCE BINDING OF INTEGRIN-EXPRESSING CELLS TO INTEGRIN RECEPTORS
-
A method of enhancing binding of cells to an integrin-binding ligand comprises treating integrin-expressing cells in vitro with an agonist of integrin, wherein the integrin is selected from the group consisting of α4β1, α5β1, α4β7, αvβ3 and αLβ2, and contacting the treated cells with an integrin-binding ligand; integrin agonist compounds having the general formula I; methods of treating integrin-expressing cells with such agonists to enhance binding; and therapeutic methods comprising administering agonist-treated cells or agonist compounds to a mammal.
- -
-
Page/Page column 45-45
(2012/06/01)
-
- COMPOUNDS THAT MODULATE EGFR ACTIVITY AND METHODS FOR TREATING OR PREVENTING CONDITIONS THEREWITH
-
Provided are compounds and methods for treating or preventing kinase-mediated disorders therewith.
- -
-
Page/Page column 60
(2011/11/30)
-
- INHIBITORS OF PROTEIN KINASES
-
The present invention is directed to compounds of formula (I)-(II) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, and prodrugs thereof which are inhibitors of syk and/or JAK kinase. The present invention is also directed to intermediates used in making such compounds, the preparation of such a compound, pharmaceutical compositions containing such a compound, methods of inhibition syk and/or JAK kinase activity, methods of inhibition the platelet aggregation, and methods to prevent or treat a number of conditions mediated at least in part by syk and/or JAK kinase activity, such as undesired thrombosis and Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma.
- -
-
Page/Page column 159
(2009/12/05)
-
- Integrin receptors antagonists
-
The invention relates to novel compounds which bind to integrin receptors, and to the preparation thereof and the use thereof as drugs.
- -
-
Page/Page column 71
(2010/11/23)
-
- Synthesis of N-benzyl- and N-phenyl-2-amino-4,5-dihydrothiazoles and thioureas and evaluation as modulators of the isoforms of nitric oxide synthase
-
Inhibition of the isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has important applications in therapy of several diseases, including cancer. Using 1400W [N-(3-aminomethylbenzyl)acetamidine], thiocitrulline and N δ-(4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)ornithine as lead compounds, series of N-benzyl- and N-phenyl-2-amino-4,5-dihydrothiazoles and thioureas were designed as inhibitors of NOS. Ring-substituted benzyl and phenyl isothiocyanates were synthesised by condensation of the corresponding amines with thiophosgene and addition of ammonia gave the corresponding thioureas in high yields. The substituted 2-amino-4,5-dihydrothiazoles were approached by two routes. Treatment of simple benzylamines with 2-methylthio-4,5-dihydrothiazole at 180 °C afforded the corresponding 2-benzylamino-4,5-dihydrothiazoles. For less nucleophilic amines and those carrying more thermally labile substituents, the 4,5-dihydrothiazoles were approached by acid-catalysed cyclisation of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)thioureas. This cyclisation was shown to proceed by an SN2-like process. Modest inhibitory activity was shown by most of the thioureas and 4,5-dihydrothiazoles, with N-(3-aminomethylphenyl)thiourea (IC50=13 μM vs rat neuronal NOS and IC50=23 μM vs rat inducible NOS) and 2-(3-aminomethylphenylamino)-4,5-dihydrothiazole (IC50=13 μM vs rat neuronal NOS and IC50=19 μM vs human inducible NOS) being the most potent. Several thioureas and 4,5-dihydrothiazoles were found to stimulate the activity of human inducible NOS in a time-dependent manner.
- Goodyer, Claire L. M.,Chinje, Edwin C.,Jaffar, Mohammed,Stratford, Ian J.,Threadgill, Michael D.
-
p. 4189 - 4206
(2007/10/03)
-
- Aniline derivatives possessing an inhibitory effect of nitric oxide synthase
-
Compounds represented by the general formula (1): ? (where R1is SR6or NR7R8, where R6is typically an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, R7is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms or a nitro group, and R8is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms; R2and R3are each typically a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms; R4is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms or an amidino group of which the amine portion may be substituted by an alkyl or nitro group; R5is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms; Y1, Y2, Y3and Y4which may be the same or different are each typically a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkoxy group having 1-6 carbon atoms; n and m are each an integer of 0 or 1), or possible stereoisomers or optically active forms of the compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds possess a potent nitric oxide synthase inhibiting activity and are useful as therapeutics of cerebrovascular diseases.
- -
-
-
- N-aryl N′-hydroxyguanidines, a new class of NO-donors after selective oxidation by nitric oxide synthases: Structure-activity relationship
-
The formation of nitric oxide (NO) was followed during the oxidation of 37 N-hydroxyguanidines or related derivatives, including 18 new N-aryl N′ -hydroxyguanidines, by recombinant inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS II). Several N-aryl N′-hydroxyguanidines bearing a relatively small, electron-donating para subtituent, such as H, F, Cl, CH3, OH, OCH3, and NH2, led to NO formation rates between 8 and 41% of that of NO formation from the natural NOS substrate, Nω-hydroxy-L-arginine (NOHA). The characteristics of these reactions were very similar to those previously reported for the oxidation of NOHA by NOS: (i) the strict requirement of NOS containing (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L-biopterin, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, and O2 for the oxidation to occur, (ii) the formation of NO and the corresponding urea in a 1:1 molar ratio, and (iii) a strong inhibitory effect of the classical NOS inhibitors such as Nω-nitro-L-arginine and S-ethyl-iso-thiourea. Structure-activity relationship studies showed that two structural factors are crucial for NO formation from compounds containing a C=NOH function. The first one is the presence of a monosubstituted N-hydroxyguanidine function, since disubstituted N-hydroxyguanidines, amidoximes, ketoximes, and aldoximes failed to produce NO. The second one is the presence of a N-phenyl ring bearing a relatively small, not electron-withdrawing para substituent that could favorably interact with a hydrophobic cavity close to the NOS catalytic site. The kcat value for NOS II-catalyzed oxidation of N-parafluorophenyl N′-hydroxyguanidine was 80% of that found for NOHA, and its kcat/Km value was only 9-fold lower than that of NOHA. Interestingly, the Km value found for NOS II-catalyzed oxidation of N-(3-thienyl) N′-hydroxyguanidine was 25 μM, almost identical to that of NOHA. Recombinant NOS I and NOS III also oxidize several N-aryl N′-hydroxyguanidines with the formation of NO, with a clearly different substrate specificity. The best substrates of the studied series for NOS I and NOS III were N-(para-hydroxyphenyl) and N-(meta-aminophenyl) N′-hydroxyguanidine, respectively. Among the studied compounds, the para-chlorophenyl and paramethylphenyl derivatives were selective substrates of NOS II. These results open the way toward a new class of selective NO donors after in situ oxidation by each NOS family.
- Renodon-Cornière, Axelle,Dijols, Sylvie,Perollier, Céline,Lefevre-Groboillot, David,Boucher, Jean-Luc,Attias, Roger,Sari, Marie-Agnes,Stuehr, Dennis,Mansuy, Daniel
-
p. 944 - 954
(2007/10/03)
-
- Methods for inhibiting mrp1
-
The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I), which is useful for inhibiting resistant neoplasms where the resistance is conferred in part or in total by MRP1.
- -
-
-
- Anomals Schmidt reaction products of phenylacetic acid and derivatives
-
Treatment of carboxylic acids with sodium azide in sulfuric acid normally results in decarboxylation with conversion of the carboxylic acid to an amine (the Schmidt reaction). However, many side reactions have been reported to occur, particulary in the case of α-aryl carboxylic acids, such as sulfonation, direct amination of the phenyl ring, cyclization to a lactam, and elimination of side chains to give aniline. In this study, the reactions of a variety of analogues of phenylacetic acid under given reaction conditions are examined to determine which characteristics are important in the competing side reactions. Some reactions were carried out with TEMPO free radical as a radical scavenger to investigate whether direct amination proceeds by a radical intermediate. Phenylacetic acid is shown to give an ortho-aminated diamine product instead of the para-aminated one expected from direct amination. A mechanism for this side reaction, involving cyclization to a lactam intermediate followed by further cleavage, is proposed; an analogue of the hypothetical intermediate has been isolated for biphenylacetic acids.
- Woodroofe, Carolyn C.,Zhong, Boyu,Lu, Xingliang,Silverman, Richard B.
-
-
- Acetamidine derivatives and their use as inhibitors for the nitric oxide synthase
-
A class of acetamidine derivatives of general formula (I) STR1 wherein R1 is hydrogen, C1-6 hydrocarbyl group optionally substituted by halo, halo, nitro, cyano or a group XR3 wherein X is oxygen, C(O)m wherein m is 1 or 2, S(O)n wherein n is 0, 1 or 2, or a group NR4 wherein R4 is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl; and R3 is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, or a group NR5 R6 wherein R5 and R6 are independently hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl, provided that R3 is not NR5 R6 when X is oxygen or S(O)n; R1a and R1b are independently selected from hydrogen and halo; R2 is a C1-14 hydrocarbyl group which may optionally contain one or two heteroatoms, the group R2 being optionally substituted by one or more groups independently selected from halo; N3 ; nitro; CF3 ; ZR7 wherein Z is oxygen, C(O)m' wherein m' is 1 or 2, S(O)n' wherein n' is 0, 1 or 2, or a group NR8 wherein R8 is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl and R7 is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl or a group NR9 R10 wherein R9 and R10 are independently hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl; or R2 is substituted by a group (a) STR2 wherein R11 has a definition the same as for R1 ; with the proviso that when R1 is a C1-6 alkyl group and R2 is a C1-14 hydrocarbyl substituted by two groups ZR7 wherein one group ZR7 is CO2 H, the other group ZR7 is not NH2; and salts thereof, methods for the manufacture thereof, and therapies, particularly inhibtion of nitric oxide synthase, is disclosed.
- -
-
-
- N-phenylamidines as selective inhibitors of human neuronal nitric oxide synthase: Structure-activity studies and demonstration of in vivo activity
-
Selective inhibition of the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) compared to the endothelial and inducible isoforms may be required for treatment of neurological disorders caused by excessive production of nitric oxide. Recently, we described N-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine (13) as a slow, tight-binding inhibitor, highly selective for human inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Removal of a single methylene bridge between the amidine nitrogen and phenyl ring to give N-(3- (aminomethyl)phenyl)acetamidine (14) dramatically altered the selectivity to give a neuronal selective nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor. Part of this large shift in selectivity was due to 14 being a rapidly reversible inhibitor of iNOS in contrast to the essentially irreversible inhibition of iNOS observed with 13. Structure-activity studies revealed that a basic amine functionality tethered to an aromatic ring and a sterically compact amidine are key pharmacophores for this class of NOS inhibitors. Maximal nNOS inhibition potency was achieved with N-(3-(aminomethyl)phenyl)-2- furanylamidine (77) (K(i-nNOS) = 0.006 μM; K(i-eNOS) = 0.35 μM; K(i-iNOS) = 0.16 μM). Finally, α-fluoro-N-(3-(aminomethyl)phenyl)acetamidine (74) (K(i- nNOS) = 0.011 μM; K(i-eNOS) = 1.1 μM; K(i-iNOS) = 0.48 μM) had excellent brain penetration and inhibited nNOS in a rat brain slice assay as well as in the rat brain (cerebellum) in vivo. Thus, N-phenylamidines should be useful in validating the role of nNOS in neurological disorders.
- Collins, Jon L.,Shearer, Barry G.,Oplinger, Jeffrey A.,Lee, Shuliang,Garvey, Edward P.,Salter, Mark,Duffy, Claire,Burnette, Thimysta C.,Furfine, Eric S.
-
p. 2858 - 2871
(2007/10/03)
-
- Bicyclic fibrinogen antagonists
-
This invention relates to compounds of the formula: STR1 wherein A1 to A5 form an accessible substituted seven-membered ring, which may be saturated or unsaturated, optionally containing up to two heteroatoms chosen from the group of O, S and N wherein S and N may be optionally oxidized; D1 to D4 form an accessible substituted six membered ring, optionally containing up to two nitrogen atoms; R is at least one substituent chosen from the group of R7, or Q--C1-4 alkyl, Q--C2-4 alkenyl, Q--C2-4 alkynyl, preferably substituted by an acidic function; R* is H, Q--C1-6 alkyl, Q--C1-6 oxoalkyl, Q--C2-6 alkenyl or Q--C2-4 alkynyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, Ar or Het, optionally substituted by one or more substitutents; and R6 is preferably a substituent containing a basic nitrogen moiety; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which are effective for inhibiting platelet aggregation, pharmaceutical compositions for effecting such activity, and a method for inhibiting platelet aggregation.
- -
-
-