- Primary amides. A general nitrogen source for catalytic asymmetric aminohydroxylation of olefins
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(equation presented) N-Bromo,N-lithio salts of primary carboxamides have been shown to be efficient nitrogen sources for catalytic asymmetric aminohydroxylation of olefins, behaving much like the parent N-bromoacetamide in these reactions. α-Chloro-N-brom
- Demko, Zachary P.,Bartsch, Michael,Sharpless, K. Barry
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- N-Type Water/Alcohol-Soluble Naphthalene Diimide-Based Conjugated Polymers for High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells
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With the demonstration of small-area, single-junction polymer solar cells (PSCs) with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over the 10% performance milestone, the manufacturing of high-performance large-area PSC modules is becoming the most critical issue for commercial applications. However, materials and processes that are optimized for fabricating small-area devices may not be applicable for the production of high-performance large-area PSC modules. One of the challenges is to develop new conductive interfacial materials that can be easily processed with a wide range of thicknesses without significantly affecting the performance of the PSCs. Toward this goal, we report two novel naphthalene diimide-based, self-doped, n-type water/alcohol-soluble conjugated polymers (WSCPs) that can be processed with a broad thickness range of 5 to 100 nm as efficient electron transporting layers (ETLs) for high-performance PSCs. Space charge limited current and electron spin resonance spectroscopy studies confirm that the presence of amine or ammonium bromide groups on the side chains of the WSCP can n-dope PC71BM at the bulk heterojunction (BHJ)/ETL interface, which improves the electron extraction properties at the cathode. In addition, both amino functional groups can induce self-doping to the WSCPs, although by different doping mechanisms, which leads to highly conductive ETLs with reduced ohmic loss for electron transport and extraction. Ultimately, PSCs based on the self-doped WSCP ETLs exhibit significantly improved device performance, yielding PCEs as high as 9.7% and 10.11% for PTB7-Th/PC71BM and PffBT4T-2OD/PC71BM systems, respectively. More importantly, with PffBT4T-2OD/PC71BM BHJ as an active layer, a prominent PCE of over 8% was achieved even when a thick ETL of 100 nm was used. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest efficiency demonstrated for PSCs with a thick interlayer and light-harvesting layer, which are important criteria for eventually making organic photovoltaic modules based on roll-to-roll coating processes.
- Wu, Zhihong,Sun, Chen,Dong, Sheng,Jiang, Xiao-Fang,Wu, Siping,Wu, Hongbin,Yip, Hin-Lap,Huang, Fei,Cao, Yong
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p. 2004 - 2013
(2016/03/01)
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- Synthesis of tetraalkyl naphthalene bisanhydride and its model condensations with amines
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To improve the solubility of naphthalene bisanhydride (NTCA), four alkyl groups are incorporated to the naphthalene core via a five-step procedure. The new naphthalene bisanhydride derivative (TO-NTCA) shows much higher reactivity than the parent NTCA in the model condensations with ortho-diaminobenzene and 2-ethylhexylamine and gives corresponding soluble molecules with excellent yields. Hence, TO-NTCA is a potential monomer for condensations.
- Xiong, Kai,Xiao, Yi
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supporting information
p. 3171 - 3175
(2013/06/27)
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