- N-hydroxyformamidine derivative as well as preparation method and application thereof
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The invention discloses an N-hydroxyformamidine derivative, shown in a formula (I), as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The compound provided by the invention can be used for preparing related medicines for treating breast cancer and inhibiting CYP4Z1 protein activity.
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- Mechanical metal activation for Ni-catalyzed, Mn-mediated cross-electrophile coupling between aryl and alkyl bromides
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Liquid-assisted grinding has been successfully applied to eliminate the requirements of chemical activators and anhydrous solvents in nickel-catalyzed, manganese-mediated cross-electrophile coupling between aryl and alkyl bromides. In addition to the traditional reaction parameters, mechanical ones,e.g.the rotational speed of mill, the filling degree of jar and ball size, have been found to affect the catalytic efficiency remarkably, implying the involvement of the regeneration of nickel(0) species in the rate-determining steps. A combined evaluation of the reaction and mechanical parameters led to an optimal condition under which a variety ofn-alky aromatics with various functional groups could be readily obtained in good yields with a 1 mol% catalyst loading. The practical application of liquid-assisted grinding-enabled aryl/alkyl cross-electrophile coupling has been demonstrated in the gram-scale synthesis of 6-methoxytetralone.
- Wu, Sisi,Shi, Weijia,Zou, Gang
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supporting information
p. 11269 - 11274
(2021/07/02)
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- Preparation method of substituted butyrate derivatives
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The invention discloses a preparation method of substituted butyrate derivatives. The method specifically comprises the following steps: by taking compounds shown in a formula 1, a formula 2 and a formula 3 as raw materials, carrying out an illumination reaction process in the presence of a photocatalyst and a hydrogen transfer catalyst to obtain a target compound shown in a formula I through one-step reaction. The invention discloses a free radical-mediated olefin bifunctional reaction without a cyclopropanation intermediate. The reaction can realize a product which can be obtained through cyclopropanation and cyclopropane ring opening processes traditionally in one step. Meanwhile, the preparation method of the compound is simple, uses cheap and easily available compounds as raw materials, and has the beneficial effects of one-step synthesis, mild reaction conditions, fast reaction, low cost, less generated waste, simple and safe operation, high atom economy, high selectivity, extremely wide substrate applicability, high yield and the like.
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Paragraph 0101-0104
(2020/07/15)
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- Radical-Mediated Strategies for the Functionalization of Alkenes with Diazo Compounds
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One of the most common reactions of diazo compounds with alkenes is cyclopropanation, which occurs through metal carbene or free carbene intermediates. Alternative functionalization of alkenes with diazo compounds is limited, and a methodology for the addition of the elements of Z-CHR2 (with Z = H or heteroatom, and CHR2 originates from N2 CR2) across a carbon-carbon double bond has not been reported. Here we report a novel reaction of diazo compounds utilizing a radical-mediated addition strategy to achieve difunctionalization of diverse alkenes. Diazo compounds are transformed to carbon radicals with a photocatalyst or an iron catalyst through PCET processes. The carbon radical selectively adds to diverse alkenes, delivering new carbon radical species, and then forms products through hydroalkylation by thiol-assisted hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), or forms azidoalkylation products through an iron catalytic cycle. These two processes are highly complementary, proceed under mild reaction conditions, and show high functional group tolerance. Furthermore, both transformations are successfully performed on a gram-scale, and diverse γ-amino esters, γ-amino alcohols, and complex spirolactams are easily prepared with commercially available reagents. Mechanistic studies reveal the plausible pathways that link the two processes and explain the unique advantages of each.
- Su, Yong-Liang,Liu, Geng-Xin,Liu, Jun-Wen,Tram, Linh,Qiu, Huang,Doyle, Michael P.
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supporting information
p. 13846 - 13855
(2020/09/21)
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- Novel enmein-type diterpenoid hybrids coupled with nitrogen mustards: Synthesis of promising candidates for anticancer therapeutics
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Natural derived enmein-type diterpenoids exert cytotoxicity against a wide range of human cancer cells. Yet their medicinal applications are hindered by insufficient potency for chemotherapy. Hence, a series of novel enmein-type diterpenoid hybrids coupled with nitrogen mustards were designed and synthesized to increase antitumor efficacy while reducing systemic toxicity. Most conjugates exhibited stronger antiproliferative activities than parent diterpenoids and nitrogen mustards, especially for multidrug-resistant tumor cell line Bel-7402/5-FU. Among them, compound E2 showed the most potent inhibitory activities in human leukemia HL-60 cells, human prostate cancer PC-3 cells, human liver cancer Bel-7402 cells and drug-resistant human liver cancer Bel-7402/5-FU cells with IC50 values of 7.83 μM, 3.97 μM, 0.77 μM and 2.07 μM, respectively. Additionally, high selectivity with selectivity index over 130 was also observed from cytotoxic evaluation between L-02 human normal liver cells and Bel-7402 malignant liver cells. Further studies on mechanism of action indicated that E2 induced both apoptosis and G1 phase cell cycle arrest in Bel-7402 hepatoma cells. Moreover, the dysfunction in mitochondrial pathway was also involved in E2 initiated apoptotic activation, which entailed the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential followed by upregulating the bax/bcl-2 ratio and increasing the expression of cytochrome c, p53, caspase-3 and -9. Overall, E2 has the potential to emerge as a promising drug candidate for cancer therapy.
- Gao, Xiang,Li, Jia,Wang, Mingying,Xu, Shengtao,Liu, Weiwei,Zang, Linghe,Li, Zhanlin,Hua, Huiming,Xu, Jinyi,Li, Dahong
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p. 588 - 598
(2018/02/09)
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- Improving the Potency of Cancer Immunotherapy by Dual Targeting of IDO1 and DNA
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Herein we report the first exploration of a dual-targeting drug design strategy to improve the efficacy of small-molecule cancer immunotherapy. New hybrids of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors and DNA alkylating nitrogen mustards that respectively target IDO1 and DNA were rationally designed. As the first-in-class examples of such molecules, they were found to exhibit significantly enhanced anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo with low toxicity. This proof-of-concept study has established a critical step toward the development of a novel and effective immunotherapy for the treatment of cancers.
- Fang, Kun,Dong, Guoqiang,Wang, Hongyu,He, Shipeng,Wu, Shanchao,Wang, Wei,Sheng, Chunquan
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supporting information
p. 30 - 36
(2017/12/26)
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- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel sesquiterpene mustards as potential anticancer agents
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Several novel series of sesquiterpene mustards (SMs) bearing nitrogen mustard and glutathione (GSH)-reactive α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone groups were successfully prepared for the first time and showed excellent antiproliferative activities in vitro. Among them, compounds 2e and 2g displayed the highest antiproliferative properties with IC50 values ranging from 2.5 to 8.7 μM. The selectivity of these two compounds was evaluated by SRB method against human cancer and normal hepatic cells (HepG2 and L02). The induction of apoptosis and effects on the cell cycle distribution with compounds 2e and 2g were investigated by Hoechst 33,258 staining and flow cytometry, which exhibited that they could induce selective cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HepG2 and L02 cells. In addition, further investigation showed that compounds 2e and 2g could obviously inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells by inducing significant DNA cross-linking and depleting GSH in cell media. The good cytotoxicity and selectivity of compounds 2e and 2g pointed them as promising leads for anticancer drug design.
- Xu, Yuan-Zhen,Gu, Xue-Yan,Peng, Shou-Jiao,Fang, Jian-Guo,Zhang, Ying-Mei,Huang, De-Jun,Chen, Jian-Jun,Gao, Kun
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p. 284 - 297
(2015/03/30)
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- Synthesis and activity of small molecule GPR40 agonists
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The first report on the identification and structure-activity relationships of a novel series of GPR40 agonists based on a 3-(4-{[N-alkyl]amino}phenyl) propanoic acid template is described. Structural modifications to the original screening hit yielded co
- Garrido, Dulce M.,Corbett, David F.,Dwornik, Kate A.,Goetz, Aaron S.,Littleton, Thomas R.,McKeown, Steve C.,Mills, Wendy Y.,Smalley Jr., Terrence L.,Briscoe, Celia P.,Peat, Andrew J.
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p. 1840 - 1845
(2007/10/03)
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- Method for treating glaucoma
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Methods of using prostaglandin agonists for the reduction of intraocular pressure, and accordingly glaucoma.
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- Prevention of loss and restoration of bone mass by certain prostaglandin agonists
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Prostaglandin agonists of formula (I), in which, for example, A is a sulphonyl or acyl group, B is N or CH, M contains a ring and K and Q are linking groups, methods of using such prostaglandin agonists, pharmaceutical compositions containing such prostaglandin agonists and kits useful for the treatment of bone disorders including osteoporosis. STR1
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- Glutamine derivatives
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Glutamine derivatives and non-toxic salts thereof have been found to have immunomodulating activities.
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