- Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Alginate Synthesis by Ebselen Oxide and Its Analogues
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that is frequently found in the airways of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients due to the dehydrated mucus that collapses the underlying cilia and prevents mucociliary clearance. During this life-long chronic infection, P. aeruginosa cell accumulates mutations that lead to inactivation of the mucA gene that results in the constitutive expression of algD-algA operon and the production of alginate exopolysaccharide. The viscous alginate polysaccharide further occludes the airways of CF patients and serves as a protective matrix to shield P. aeruginosa from host immune cells and antibiotic therapy. Development of inhibitors of alginate production by P. aeruginosa would reduce the negative impact from this viscous polysaccharide. In addition to transcriptional regulation, alginate biosynthesis requires allosteric activation by bis (3′-5′)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) binding to an Alg44 protein. Previously, we found that ebselen (Eb) and ebselen oxide (EbO) inhibited diguanylate cyclase from synthesizing c-di-GMP. In this study, we show that EbO, Eb, ebsulfur (EbS), and their analogues inhibit alginate production. Eb and EbS can covalently modify the cysteine 98 (C98) residue of Alg44 and prevent its ability to bind c-di-GMP. However, P. aeruginosa with Alg44 C98 substituted with alanine or serine was still inhibited for alginate production by Eb and EbS. Our results indicate that EbO, Eb, and EbS are lead compounds for reducing alginate production by P. aeruginosa. Future development of these inhibitors could provide a potential treatment for CF patients infected with mucoid P. aeruginosa.
- Kim, Soo-Kyoung,Ngo, Huy X.,Dennis, Emily K.,Thamban Chandrika, Nishad,Deshong, Philip,Garneau-Tsodikova, Sylvie,Lee, Vincent T.
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Read Online
- A practical and sustainable protocol for direct amidation of unactivated esters under transition-metal-free and solvent-free conditions
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In this paper, a NaOtBu-mediated synthesis approach was developed for direct amidation of unactivated esters with amines under transition-metal-free and solvent-free conditions, affording a series of amides in good to excellent yields at room temperature. In particular, an environmentally friendly and practical workup procedure, which circumvents the use of organic solvents and chromatography in most cases, was disclosed. Moreover, the gram-scale production of representative products3a,3wand3auwas efficiently realized by applying operationally simple, sustainable and practical procedures. Furthermore, this approach was also applicable to the synthesis of valuable molecules such as moclobemide (a powerful antidepressant), benodanil and fenfuram (two commercial agricultural fungicides). These results demonstrate that this protocol has the potential to streamline amide synthesis in industry. Meanwhile, quantitative green metrics of all the target products were evaluated, implying that the present protocol is advantageous over the reported ones in terms of environmental friendliness and sustainability. Finally, additional experiments and computational calculations were carried out to elucidate the mechanistic insight of this transformation, and one plausible mechanism was provided on the basis of these results and the related literature reports.
- Chen, Cheng,Cheng, Hua,Du, Min-Chen,Qian, Liang,Qin, Xin,Sang, Wei,Yao, Wei-Zhong,Yuan, Ye,Zhang, Rui
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supporting information
p. 3972 - 3982
(2021/06/17)
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- Manganese Catalyzed Direct Amidation of Esters with Amines
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The transition metal catalyzed amide bond forming reaction of esters with amines has been developed as an advanced approach for overcoming the shortcomings of traditional methods. The broad scope of substrates in transition metal catalyzed amidations remains a challenge. Here, a manganese(I)-catalyzed method for the direct synthesis of amides from a various number of esters and amines is reported with unprecedented substrate scope using a low catalyst loading. A wide range of aromatic, aliphatic, and heterocyclic esters, even in fatty acid esters, reacted with a diverse range of primary aryl amines, primary alkyl amines, and secondary alkyl amines to form amides. It is noteworthy that this approach provides the first example of the transition metal catalyzed amide bond forming reaction from fatty acid esters and amines. The acid-base mechanism for the manganese(I)-catalyzed direct amidation of esters with amines was elucidated by DFT calculations.
- Fu, Zhengqiang,Wang, Xinghua,Tao, Sheng,Bu, Qingqing,Wei, Donghui,Liu, Ning
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p. 2339 - 2358
(2021/02/03)
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- Visible-light-induced direct construction of amide bond from carboxylic acids with amines in aqueous solution
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A novel visible-light-promoted N-acylation for the synthesis of amides from easily available carboxylic acids with amines in the presence of I2 within 2.5 h in aqueous solution has been developed. Using sunlight as the visible light source greatly reduces the cost of experiments and produces almost no toxic effects. Hence, this study provides an alternative catalytic system for the construction of a wide range of amides with readily available materials. Moreover, the strategy was successfully applied in the preparation of N-(3-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)-7-nitroquinoxalin-2-yl)benzohydrazide, which displayed a signification anti-proliferation effect on A549, MCF-7 and HCT116 cell lines.
- Wang, Jin,Hou, Huiqing,Hu, Yongzhi,Lin, Jin,Wu, Min,Zheng, Zhiqiang,Xu, Xiuzhi
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supporting information
(2021/02/09)
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- The Mpro structure-based modifications of ebselen derivatives for improved antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 virus
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The main protease (Mpro or 3CLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 virus is a cysteine enzyme critical for viral replication and transcription, thus indicating a potential target for antiviral therapy. A recent repurposing effort has identified ebselen, a multifunctional drug candidate as an inhibitor of Mpro. Our docking of ebselen to the binding pocket of Mpro crystal structure suggests a noncovalent interaction for improvement of potency, antiviral activity and selectivity. To test this hypothesis, we designed and synthesized ebselen derivatives aimed at enhancing their non-covalent bonds within Mpro. The inhibition of Mpro by ebselen derivatives (0.3 μM) was screened in both HPLC and FRET assays. Nine ebselen derivatives (EBs) exhibited stronger inhibitory effect on Mpro with IC50 of 0.07–0.38 μM. Further evaluation of three derivatives showed that EB2-7 exhibited the most potent inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 viral replication with an IC50 value of 4.08 μM in HPAepiC cells, as compared to the prototype ebselen at 24.61 μM. Mechanistically, EB2-7 functions as a noncovalent Mpro inhibitor in LC-MS/MS assay. Taken together, our identification of ebselen derivatives with improved antiviral activity may lead to developmental potential for treatment of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- Jin, Lin,Luo, Jiajie,Qiao, Zhen,Wang, KeWei,Wei, Ningning,Zhang, Hongyi,Zhang, Yanru
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- Convenient synthesis of benziodazolone: New reagents for direct esterification of alcohols and amidation of amines
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Hypervalent iodine heterocycles represent one of the important classes of hypervalent iodine reagents with many applications in organic synthesis. This paper reports a simple and convenient synthesis of benziodazolones by the reaction of readily available iodobenzamides with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid in acetonitrile at room temperature. The structure of one of these new iodine heterocycles was confirmed by X-ray analysis. In combination with PPh3 and pyridine, these benziodazolones can smoothly react with alcohols or amines to produce the corresponding esters or amides of 3-chlorobenzoic acid, respectively. It was found that the novel benziodazolone reagent reacts more efficiently than the analogous benziodoxolone reagent in this esterification.
- Postnikov, Pavel S.,Rohde, Gregory T.,Saito, Akio,Shea, Michael T.,Vlasenko, Yulia A.,Yoshimura, Akira,Yusubov, Mekhman S.,Zhdankin, Viktor V.
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- A facile and versatile electro-reductive system for hydrodefunctionalization under ambient conditions
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A general electrochemical system for reductive hydrodefunctionalization is described, employing the inexpensive and easily available triethylamine (Et3N) as a sacrificial reductant. This protocol is characterized by facile operation, sustainable conditions, and exceptionally wide substrate scope covering the cleavage of C-halogen, N-S, N-C, O-S, O-C, C-C and C-N bonds. Notably, the selectivity and capability of reduction can be conveniently switched by simple incorporation or removal of an alcohol as a co-solvent.
- Huang, Binbin,Guo, Lin,Xia, Wujiong
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supporting information
p. 2095 - 2103
(2021/03/26)
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- α-Oxocarboxylic Acids as Three-Carbon Insertion Units for Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cascade Synthesis of Diverse Fused Heteropolycycles
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A novel palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative cascade cyclization for the assembly of diverse fused heteropolycycles by employing α-oxocarboxylic acids as three-carbon insertion units is reported. This protocol enables the synthesis of isoquinolinedione- and indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolinone-fused benzocycloheptanones in moderate to good yields by the use of different aryl iodides, including alkene-tethered 2-iodobenzamides and 2-(2-iodophenyl)-1H-indoles. Notably, the approach achieves simultaneous construction of both six- and seven-membered rings via sequential intramolecular carbopalladation, C-H activation, and decarboxylation.
- Zhou, Liwei,Qiao, Shujia,Zhou, Fengru,Xuchen, Xinyu,Deng, Guobo,Yang, Yuan,Liang, Yun
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supporting information
p. 2878 - 2883
(2021/05/05)
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- Discovery and Mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors
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The emergence of a new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), presents an urgent public health crisis. Without available targeted therapies, treatment options remain limited for COVID-19 patients. Using medicinal chemistry and rational drug design strategies, we identify a 2-phenyl-1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one class of compounds targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). FRET-based screening against recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Mpro identified six compounds that inhibit proteolysis with nanomolar IC50 values. Preincubation dilution experiments and molecular docking determined that the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro can occur by either covalent or noncovalent mechanisms, and lead E04 was determined to inhibit Mpro competitively. Lead E24 inhibited viral replication with a nanomolar EC50 value (844 nM) in SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero E6 cells and was further confirmed to impair SARS-CoV-2 replication in human lung epithelial cells and human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived 3D lung organoids. Altogether, these studies provide a structural framework and mechanism of Mpro inhibition that should facilitate the design of future COVID-19 treatments.
- Bray, William,Carlin, Aaron F.,Clark, Alex E.,Endsley, Mark,Huante, Matthew B.,Huff, Sarah,Kummetha, Indrasena Reddy,Rana, Tariq M.,Smith, Davey,Tiwari, Shashi Kant,Wang, Shaobo
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supporting information
(2021/10/20)
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- Phenylselanyl group incorporation for "glutathione peroxidase-like" activity modulation
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The ability of organoselenium molecules to mimic the activity of the antioxidant selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) allows for their use as antioxidant or prooxidant modulators in several diseases associated with the disruption of the cell redox homeostasis. Current drug design in the field is partially based on specific modifications of the known Se-therapeutics aimed at achieving more selective bioactivity towards particular drug targets, accompanied by low toxicity as the therapeutic window for organoselenium compounds tends to be very narrow. Herein, we present a new group of Se-based antioxidants, structurally derived from the well-known group of GPx mimics-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones. A series of N-substituted unsymmetrical phenylselenides with an o-amido function has been obtained by a newly developed procedure: a copper-catalyzed nucleophilic substitution by a Se-reagent formed in situ from diphenyl diselenide and sodium borohydride. All derivatives were tested as antioxidants and anticancer agents towards breast (MCF-7) and leukemia (HL-60) cancer cell lines. The highest H2O2-scavenging potential was observed for N-(3-methylbutyl)-2-(phenylselanyl)benzamide. The best antiproliferative activity was found for (-)-N-(1S,2R,4R)-menthyl-2-(phenylselanyl)benzamide (HL-60) and ((-)-N-(1S,2R,3S,6R)-(2-caranyl))benzamide (MCF-7). The structure-activity correlations, including the differences in reactivity of the obtained phenyl selenides and corresponding benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones, were performed.
- ?cianowski, Jacek,Capoccia, Lucia,Drogosz-Stachowicz, Joanna,Janecka, Anna,Obieziurska-Fabisiak, Magdalena,Pacu?a, Agata J.,Santi, Claudio
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- N-Phenylbenzamide derivatives as alternative oxidase inhibitors: Synthesis, molecular properties, 1H-STD NMR, and QSAR
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In the present work, 117 N-phenylbenzamides (NPDs) were prepared and evaluated against recombinant AOX from the fungal pathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa. 1H, 13C NMR, FTIR, and mass spectra provided structural information on NPDs. The library compounds were tested as Alternative Oxidase inhibitors in two different assays using the model yeast Pichia pastoris: cell growth and oxygen consumption assays. The most active compound, 3FH, was further characterized by DRX and 1H-NMR-STD. Single crystal X-ray diffraction showed intra- and intermolecular interactions of 3FH in solid-state and elucidated its 3D structural configuration. 1H-NMR-STD allowed us to derive protein-ligand interactions in a membrane-mimetic system and evidenced an outstanding interaction of 3FH with this enzyme. Results of both biological assays were used as input to Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship models, which highlighted the more important molecular fragments contributions for protein-ligand interaction.
- Barsottini, Mario R. O.,Carazzolle, Marcelo F.,Costa, Paulo C. S.,Evangelista, Joel S.,Miranda, Paulo C. M. L.,Nascimento, Andrey F. Z.,Pereira, Gon?alo A. G.,Pires, Bárbara A.,Rocco, Silvana A.,Sfor?a, Maurício L.,Silva, Jaqueline S.,Vieira, Maria L. L.,Zeri, Ana C. M.
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- Phosphazene Superbase-Mediated Regio- and Stereoselective Iodoaminocyclization of 2-(1-Alkynyl)benzamides for the Synthesis of Isoindolin-1-ones
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Phosphazene superbase P4-t-Bu mediated iodoaminocyclization of 2-(1-alkynyl)benzamides is reported. The reaction works under ambient conditions and instantaneously results in the synthesis of isoindolin-1-ones in 65-97% yields, in a regio- and stereoselective manner. The exclusive formation of products with Z-geometry (across the exo C?C bond) has been confirmed through X-ray crystallography. The methodology also provides an easy access to aristolactams, an important class of natural products. This has been successfully demonstrated by synthesizing two aristolactam derivatives (including Cepharanone B).
- Mehta, Saurabh,Brahmchari, Dhirendra
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supporting information
p. 5492 - 5503
(2019/05/10)
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- Electrochemical: N-acylation synthesis of amides under aqueous conditions
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An electrochemical N-acylation of carboxylic acids with amines was reported. The sustainable TBAB electrocatalysis proceeded with excellent chemoselectivity and positional selectivity, and with ample scope, allowing electrochemical N-acylation under mild reaction conditions at room temperature in water. Moreover, the synthetic utility of the current method is demonstrated by the synthesis of melatonin.
- Ke, Fang,Xu, Yiwen,Zhu, Suning,Lin, Xiaoyan,Lin, Chen,Zhou, Sunying,Su, Huimin
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supporting information
p. 4329 - 4333
(2019/08/21)
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- PPh3/I2/HCOOH: An efficient CO source for the synthesis of phthalimides
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A straightforward and general method has been developed for the synthesis of phthalimide derivatives from 2-iodobenzamides and PPh3/I2/HCOOH in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd(OAc)2. The reaction results demonstrate that PPh3/I2/HCOOH is a facile, efficient and safe CO source. The whole process is carried out in toluene at 80 °C and furnishes the desired products in good to excellent yields.
- Wang, Yingying,Zhou, Yang,Lei, Min,Hou, Jinjun,Jin, Qinghao,Guo, Dean,Wu, Wanying
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supporting information
p. 1180 - 1185
(2019/01/26)
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- NaNO2/I2 as an alternative reagent for the synthesis of 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-ones from 2-aminobenzamides
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An efficient transformation of 2-aminobenzamides to 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-ones in the presence of sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and Iodine (I2) is described. The reaction is proposed to proceed via formation of nitrosyl halide that induces nitrosylation of the amino group of 2-aminobenzamide leading to diazotization followed by intramolecular cyclization.
- Barak, Dinesh S.,Mukhopadhyay, Sushobhan,Dahatonde, Dipak J.,Batra, Sanjay
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supporting information
p. 248 - 251
(2019/01/04)
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- Method for synthesizing amide compound through photocatalysis in water phase
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The invention discloses a method for synthesizing an amide compound through photocatalysis in a water phase. The method comprises the following steps: putting catalysis amounts of a free radical initiator, an amine derivative, a carboxylic acid derivative, a phase transfer catalyst, an inorganic base and water into a reaction container, carrying out a reaction in a photocatalysis reaction instrument at certain power under a room temperature condition, after a certain time, carrying out extraction by using a small amount of ethyl acetate, and carrying out recrystallization, so as to obtain theamide compound, wherein the free radical initiator is eosin, methyl orange, sodium persulfate, ammonium persulfate or potassium peroxodisulfate, the phase transfer catalyst is tetrabutylammonium bromide, and the power of the photocatalytic reaction instrument is 5W. By adopting the method disclosed by the invention, toxic thionyl chloride or phosphorus oxychloride is not needed for a chlorinationreaction, water is adopted as a solvent, a novel photocatalysis method is used, and the amide compound with a high yield can be prepared through a room-temperature reaction for 2-5 hours with an incandescent light bulb of 5W, and in addition, the method is simple in aftertreatment, and low in cost and is an ideal green synthesis method of amide compounds.
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Paragraph 0018-0029
(2019/10/01)
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- Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of Isoindolin-1-ones through BuLi-Mediated Iodoaminocyclization of 2-(1-Alkynyl)benzamides
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A simple and straightforward synthesis of isoindolin-1-ones is reported. Exclusive N-cyclization of the amide functional group, an ambident nucleophile, was accomplished for the cyclization of 2-(1-alkynyl)benzamides using n-BuLi-I2/ICl. The methodology works with the primary amide and affords the desired isoindolinones in yields of 38-94%. Interestingly, the isolated products exhibit a Z-stereochemistry across the C=C double bond. The reaction mechanism involving the formation of either a vinylic anion or an intimate ion pair intermediate is proposed.
- Brahmchari, Dhirendra,Verma, Akhilesh K.,Mehta, Saurabh
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p. 3339 - 3347
(2018/03/23)
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- Palladium-catalyzed intramolecular C-H arylation of 2-halo-: N -Boc- N -arylbenzamides for the synthesis of N-H phenanthridinones
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A palladium catalyzed synthesis of N-H phenanthridinones was developed via C-H arylation. The protocol gives phenanthridinones regioselectively by one-pot reaction without deprotection. It exhibits broad substrate scope and affords targets in up to 95% yields. Importantly, it could be applied for the less reactive o-chlorobenzamides.
- Hu, Quan-Fang,Gao, Tian-Tao,Shi, Yao-Jie,Lei, Qian,Yu, Luo-Ting
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p. 13879 - 13890
(2018/04/25)
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- Copper-catalyzed domino reaction of carbodiimides and benzoic acid derivatives for the synthesis of quinazolinediones
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Quinazolinediones were obtained from 2-iodobenzoic acids and carbodiimide derivatives under mild reaction conditions via a copper-catalyzed domino reaction. The absence of an external base was essential to avoid the generation of amide by-products. Both alkyl- and aryl-substituted carbodiimides gave the corresponding quinazolinediones. However, the use of aryl-substituted carbodiimides resulted in low yields due to an undesired elimination process.
- Duangjan, Chanikan,Rukachaisirikul, Vatcharin,Saithong, Saowanit,Kaeobamrung, Juthanat
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p. 3537 - 3540
(2018/08/29)
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- Synthesis of 2-(1,2,3-Triazolyl)benzamide Derivatives by a Copper(I)-Catalyzed Multicomponent Reaction
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The copper-catalyzed multicomponent reaction of 2-iodobenzamides, NaN3, and terminal alkynes for the synthesis of 2-(1,2,3-triazolyl)benzamide derivatives was achieved in a one-step process over a short period of time under mild conditions. The transformation involved a C(aryl)–N bond formation process followed by an azide–alkyne cycloadditon reaction. The absence of external base was crucial for the preferred reaction pathway to occur.
- Hayeebueraheng, Abdulhakim,Kaewmee, Benyapa,Rukachaisirikul, Vatcharin,Kaeobamrung, Juthanat
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p. 6714 - 6721
(2017/12/07)
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- Stable and Reusable Binaphthyl-Supported Palladium Catalyst for Aminocarbonylation of Aryl Iodides
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A binaphthyl-supported Pd nanoparticles (Pd-BNP)-catalyzed aminocarbonylation of aryl iodides in the presence of carbon monoxide and amines for the synthesis of amides has been developed. This methodology provides an efficient route for the synthesis of a COX-2 enzyme inhibitor having anti-inflammatory activity.
- Sharma, Nidhi,Sekar, Govindasamy
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supporting information
p. 314 - 320
(2016/02/14)
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- Detection of weak hydrogen bonding to fluoro and nitro groups in solution using H/D exchange
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Hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange can be a sensitive technique for measuring the strength of hydrogen bonding to neutral organic nitro and fluoro groups. The slower rates of reaction in comparison to suitable controls suggest that hydrogen bonding is present, albeit rather weak.
- Shugrue,Defrancisco,Metrano,Brink,Nomoto,Linton
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supporting information
p. 2223 - 2227
(2016/03/01)
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- Amine Activation: Synthesis of N-(Hetero)arylamides from Isothioureas and Carboxylic Acids
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A novel method for N-(hetero)arylamide synthesis based on rarely explored amine activation, rather than classical acid activation, is reported. The activated amines are easily prepared using a three-component reaction with commercial reagents. The new method shows a broad scope including challenging amides not (efficiently) accessible via classical protocols.
- Zhu, Yan-Ping,Sergeyev, Sergey,Franck, Philippe,Orru, Romano V. A.,Maes, Bert U. W.
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supporting information
p. 4602 - 4605
(2016/09/28)
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- Structure-activity relationship-guided development of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγ)-selective inverse agonists with a phenanthridin-6(5H)-one skeleton from a liver X receptor ligand
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Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs), which belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily, regulate many physiological processes, including hepatic gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, immune function and circadian rhythm. Since RORs resemble liver X receptors (LXRs) in the fold structure of their ligand-binding domains, we speculated that ROR-mediated transcription might be modulated by LXR ligands, in line with the multi-template hypothesis. Therefore, we screened our LXR ligand library for compounds with ROR ligand activity and identified a novel ROR ligand with a phenanthridin-6(5H)-one skeleton. Structure-activity relationship studies aimed at separating ROR inverse agonistic activity from LXR-agonistic activity enabled us to develop a series of ROR inverse agonists based on the phenanthridin-6(5H)-one skeleton, including a RORγ-selective inverse agonist.
- Nishiyama, Yuko,Nakamura, Masahiko,Misawa, Takashi,Nakagomi, Madoka,Makishima, Makoto,Ishikawa, Minoru,Hashimoto, Yuichi
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p. 2799 - 2808
(2014/05/06)
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- Syntheses of quinazolinones from 2-iodobenzamides and enaminones via copper-catalyzed domino reactions
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N-Substituted 2-iodobenzamides and enaminones undergo cascade transformations to achieve quinazolinones via a copper-catalyzed Ullmann-type coupling, a Michael addition and a retro-Mannich reaction. A unique stereochemical feature of this domino process was that Z-enaminones reacted without external ligands, whereas E-enaminones required the assistance of ligands. This journal is
- Songsichan, Teerawat,Promsuk, Jaturong,Rukachaisirikul, Vatcharin,Kaeobamrung, Juthanat
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supporting information
p. 4571 - 4575
(2014/06/24)
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- Divergent palladium iodide catalyzed multicomponent carbonylative approaches to functionalized isoindolinone and isobenzofuranimine derivatives
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2-Alkynylbenzamides underwent different reaction pathways when allowed to react under PdI2-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation conditions, depending on the nature of the external nucleophile and reaction conditions. Thus, oxidative carbonylation of 2-ethynylbenzamides, bearing a terminal triple bond, carried out in the presence of a secondary amine as external nucleophile, selectively led to the formation of 3-[(dialkylcarbamoyl)methylene]isoindolin-1- ones through the intermediate formation of the corresponding 2-ynamide derivatives followed by intramolecular nucleophilic attack by the nitrogen of the benzamide moiety on the conjugated triple bond. On the other hand, 3-[(alkoxycarbonyl)methylene]isobenzofuran-1(3H)imines were selectively obtained when the oxidative carbonylation of 2-alkynylbenzamides, bearing a terminal or an internal triple bond, was carried out in the presence of an alcohol R′OH (such as methanol or ethanol) as the external nucleophile and HC(OR′)3 as a dehydrating agent, necessary to avoid substrate hydrolysis. In this latter case, the reaction pathway leading to the isobenzofuranimine corresponded to the 5-exo-dig intramolecular nucleophilic attack of the oxygen of the benzamide moiety on the triple bond coordinated to the metal center followed by alkoxycarbonylation. The structures of representative products have been confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
- Mancuso, Raffaella,Ziccarelli, Ida,Armentano, Donatella,Marino, Nadia,Giofrè, Salvatore V.,Gabriele, Bartolo
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p. 3506 - 3518
(2014/05/06)
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- A simple access to N-(un)substituted isoquinolin-1(2H)-ones: Unusual formation of regioisomeric isoquinolin-1(4H)-ones
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A ligand/additive/Pd-free Cu-mediated coupling/cyclization strategy afforded the first practical, one-pot and general approach towards synthesis of N-(un)substituted isoquinolin-1(2H)-ones. Both the catalyst and the solvent used are recyclable. The use of the Cu reagent in excess led to the unusual formation of regioisomeric and uncommon isoquinolin-1(4H)-ones. This journal is the Partner Organisations 2014.
- Chary, R. Gangadhara,Dhananjaya,Prasad, K. Vara,Vaishaly,Ganesh,Dulla, Balakrishna,Kumar, K. Shiva,Pal, Manojit
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supporting information
p. 6797 - 6800
(2014/06/23)
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- Synthesis of dibenzodiazepinones via tandem copper(I)-catalyzed C-N bond formation
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An efficient, one-pot method for the synthesis of dibenzodiazepinone derivatives involving copper-catalyzed tandem C-N bond formation is reported. The use of various halo amide and 2-iodoaniline derivatives permitted the synthesis of an array of dibenzodiazepinone derivatives in moderate to good yields. Moreover, a dibenzodiazepinone derivative {2-(11-oxo-5H-dibenzo[b,e][1, 4]diazepin-10(11H)-yl)benzonitrile} was utilized to synthesize the triazapentacyclic ring derivative {12-chloro- 8,15,22-triazapentacyclo[13.7.0. 02,7.09,14.016,21]docosa-1(22),2,4,6,9(14),10, 12,16(21),17,19-decaene}.
- Gawande, Sachin D.,Kavala, Veerababurao,Zanwar, Manoj R.,Kuo, Chun-Wei,Huang, Wen-Chang,Kuo, Ting-Shen,Huang, Hsiu-Ni,He, Chiu-Hui,Yao, Ching-Fa
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supporting information
p. 2599 - 2608
(2014/09/17)
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- A practical in situ generation of the schwartz reagent. reduction of tertiary amides to aldehydes and hydrozirconation
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A new, highly efficient in situ protocol (Cp2ZrCl2/LiAlH(OBu-t)3) is described for the generation of the Schwartz reagent which provides a convenient method for the amide to aldehyde reduction and the regioselective hydrozirconation-iodination of alkynes and alkenes. Highlighted are chemoselective reductions of benzamides derived by directed ortho metalation (DoM) chemistry, allowing the synthesis of valuable 1,2,3-substituted benzaldehydes. The single-step, three-component process proceeds in a very short reaction time, shows excellent functional group compatibility, and uses inexpensive and long-storage stable reducing reagents.
- Zhao, Yigang,Snieckus, Victor
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supporting information
p. 390 - 393
(2014/04/03)
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- Synergistic effect of palladium and copper catalysts: Catalytic cyclizative dimerization of ortho-(1-alkynyl)benzamides leading to axially chiral 1,3-butadienes
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Two is better than one: In the presence of Pd(OAc)2 and Cu(OAc)2, o-(1-alkynyl)benzamides 1 were converted into bis-iminobenzoisofurans with an axially chiral 1,3-diene 2 unit. The coexistence of both Pd and Cu catalysts was found to be essential for both the cyclizative dimerization process and for the observed unusual cyclization mode. Copyright
- Yao, Bo,Jaccoud, Carole,Wang, Qian,Zhu, Jieping
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 5864 - 5868
(2012/06/15)
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- THERAPEUTIC AGENT FOR HEPATITIS C
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This invention provides a therapeutic agent for hepatitis C comprising, as an active ingredient, a compound having anti-HCV activity useful in treatment of hepatitis C. The therapeutic agent for hepatitis C comprises, as an active ingredient, a compound represented by formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
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Page/Page column 17
(2013/02/27)
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- Palladium-catalyzed C-C coupling of aryl halides with isocyanides: An alternative method for the stereoselective synthesis of (3E)-(Imino)isoindolin- 1-ones and (3E)-(imino)thiaisoindoline 1,1-dioxides
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A palladium-catalyzed, one-pot cyclization reaction to construct (3E)-(imino)isoindolin-1-ones and (3E)-(imino)thiaisoindoline 1,1-dioxides by introducing ortho-reactive functional groups on aryl halides is reported. Under optimal conditions, the cyclization reaction afforded the corresponding products in good to excellent yields (up to 93%) with high stereoselectivity. Notably, this transformation successfully extends its application for the synthesis of phenanthridines and dibenzooxazepines. This new synthetic protocol not only extends the application platform for palladium-catalyzed C-C coupling of aryl halides with isocyanides, but also opens atom-economic and step-economic synthetic routes for nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds with wide functional group compatibility. Copyright
- Liu, Bifu,Li, Yibiao,Jiang, Huanfeng,Yin, Meizhou,Huang, Huawen
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p. 2288 - 2300
(2012/11/07)
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- Copper(II)chloride-mediated cyclization reaction of N-alkoxy- orthoalkynylbenzamides
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A regioselective intramolecular cyclization/halogenation reaction of N-alkoxy-o-alkynylbenzamides with CuCl2/NCS was developed. The corresponding 3-(chloromethylene)isobenzofuran-1-ones were exclusively obtained via 5-exo-dig cyclization in moderate to excellent yields within 0.5-1 h. This approach has been successfully used to synthesize a biaryl compound by the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction.
- Jithunsa, Manita,Ueda, Masafumi,Miyata, Okiko
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 518 - 521
(2011/04/16)
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- Structural development studies of anti-hepatitis C virus agents with a phenanthridinone skeleton
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A phenanthridinone skeleton was derived from our previous researches on thalidomide and retinoids as a multi-template for generation of anti-viral lead compounds. Structural development studies focusing on anti-hepatitis C virus activity afforded 5-butyl-2-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenanthridin-6(5H)-one (10) and 5-butylbenzo[b]phenanthridin-6(5H)-one (39), which showed EC50 values of approximately 3.7 and 3.2 μM, respectively.
- Nakamura, Masahiko,Aoyama, Atsushi,Salim, Mohammed T.A.,Okamoto, Mika,Baba, Masanori,Miyachi, Hiroyuki,Hashimoto, Yuichi,Aoyama, Hiroshi
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scheme or table
p. 2402 - 2411
(2010/06/20)
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- Silver-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of o-(1-Alkynyl)benzamides: Efficient synthesis of (1H)-isochromen-1-imines
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An efficient avenue for the facile and atom-economic synthesis of (1H)-isochromen-1imines has been developed, and a broad spectrum of substrates can participate in the process effectively to produce the desired products in good yields. Significantly, this is the first report of the synthesis of (1H)-isochromen-l-imines that involves a silver(I)-catalyzed, regiocontrolled intramolecular addition of the carbonyl group of the amide moiety towards an alkyne.
- Liu, Guannan,Zhou, Yu,Ye, Deju,Zhang, Dengyou,Ding, Xiao,Jiang, Hualiang,Liu, Hong
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 2605 - 2610
(2009/12/29)
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- SUBSTITUTED SPIROCYCLIC KETOENOLS
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The present invention relates to novel substituted spirocyclic ketoenols of the formula (I) in which W, X, Y, Z, A, B, D and G are as defined in the disclosure, to a plurality of processes for their preparation and to their use as pesticides, microbicides and herbicides.
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- A convenient palladium catalyzed synthesis of symmetric biaryls, biheterocycles and biaryl chiral diamides
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A series of symmetrical diamido biaryls has been synthesized in good yield by direct homocoupling of iodoarylbenzamides by palladium-catalysis. No cross product has been isolated from the reaction mixture of two different iodoarylbenzamides under similar conditions. However, only in the case of 2-iodo-N-phenylbenzamide, the intramolecularly coupled product phenanthridone has been isolated as a minor product along with the major intermolecularly coupled product. Biphenyl chiral diamides have been synthesized by this coupling method. This coupling reaction also works well with the reductive dimerization of functionalized heterocyclic compounds. Thus 6,6′-dipivaloylamino-3, 3′-bipyridine and 6,6′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine have been efficiently synthesized. In two cases, the X-ray crystal structures have been solved to establish the structures of symmetrical and chiral diamido biaryls and their supramolecular networks.
- Goswami, Shyamaprosad,Adak, Avijit Kumar,Mukherjee, Reshmi,Jana, Subrata,Dey, Swapan,Gallagher, John F.
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p. 4289 - 4295
(2007/10/03)
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- Palladium mediated synthesis of isoindolinones and isoquinolinones
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The palladium-catalyzed reactions of 2-iodo-N-substituted benzamides 5-10 with acrylic esters 11-14 led to N-substituted-3-alkylisoindolinone esters 15-22 in good yields. The esters of isoindolinones 15-22 underwent hydrolysis reactions yielding the N-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-oxoisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid 26-31 in good yields.
- Wahab Khan,Masud Reza
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p. 11204 - 11210
(2007/10/03)
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- Glyoxyl acid amides, method for producing them and their use for controlling harmful organisms
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The invention relates to novel gloyoxylic acid amides, to a process for their preparation and to their use for controlling harmful organisms.
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- Use of oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane derivatives as pesticidal agents
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7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane derivatives of formula (I) in which X, R1, R2, R3 and R4 have the meanings set forth in the specification, are very suitable for controlling undesired microorganisms and animal pests. New 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane derivatives of formula (Ia) in which X, R1, R2, R3 and R14 have the meanings set forth in the specification, and a process for the preparation of the new compounds.
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- Triazolopyrimidines
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The invention relates to novel triazolopyrimidines of the formula 1wherein X represents halogen, Y represents a hydrogen atom or halogen, and R has the meanings given in the disclosure, to a process for the preparation of the new compounds, and to their use as microbicides.
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- Heterocyclic fluoroalkenyl thioethers and the use thereof as pesticides(III)
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The present invention relates to novel heterocyclic fluoroalkenyl thioethers of the formula (I) in which X represents hydrogen, halogen or alkyl, m represents integers from 3 to 10, n represents 0, 1 or 2, Y represents sulphur or oxygen, R1 represents halogen, represents in each case optionally halogen-substituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkenylthio or alkylcarbonyl, represents optionally substituted cycloalkyl, represents optionally substituted aryl or represents optionally substituted heterocyclyl and R2 represents hydrogen, halogen, represents in each case optionally halogen-substituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkenylthio or alkylcarbonyl, represents optionally substituted cycloalkyl, represents optionally substituted aryl or represents optionally substituted heterocyclyl, ?except for compounds where R1=alkyl, Y=oxygen and X=hydrogen, and to processes for their preparation and to their use as pesticides.
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- Heterocyclic fluoroalkenyl thioethers and the use thereof as pesticides (I)
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The present invention relates to novel heterocyclic fluoroalkenyl thioethers of the formula (I) in which X represents hydrogen, halogen or alkyl, m represents integers from 2 to 10, n represents 0, 1 or 2, Y represents unsubstituted or substituted methylene and p represents 1, 2 or 3. and to processes for their preparation and to their use as pesticides.
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- Control of the fading properties of photochromic 3,3-diaryl-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrans
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The synthesis and spectroscopic properties of some novel photochromic 3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrans are reported. Varying the size of an ortho-substituent on one of the geminal aryl rings allows the rate of fade of the photogenerated color to be controlled.
- Gabbutt, Christopher D.,Heron, B. Mark,Instone, Alicia C.
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p. 843 - 855
(2007/10/03)
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- Substituted imide derivatives
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The present invention relates to novel substituted imide derivatives of the general formula (I) in which R1 represents optionally substituted cycloalkyl, R2 represents optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted cycloalkyl, R3 represents alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, amino, alkylamino or dialkylamino and R4 represents cyano or nitro, and to processes for their preparation and to their use for controlling animal pests and as herbicides.
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- Substituted 3-thiocarbamoylpyrazoles
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The invention relates to novel substituted 3-thiocarbamoylpyrazoles of general formula (I), wherein m, n, R1, R2, R3and Ar have the meanings cited in the description. The invention further relates to methods for the production and use thereof as pesticides.
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- Isothiazolecarboxylic acid derivatives and their use as microbicides
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Novel isothiazolecarboxylic acid derivatives of the formula (I), in which A, Q, Z and k have the meanings mentioned in the specification, processes for the preparation of the new compounds and their use as microbicides.
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- Heterocylic fluoroalkenyl thioethers and the use thereof as pesticides (IV)
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The present invention relates to novel heterocyclic fluoroalkenyl thioethers of the formula (I) in which m represents integers from 3 to 10, n represents 0, 1 or 2 and Het represents the following, in each case optionally substituted, groupings: and to processes for their preparation and to their use as pesticides.
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- Heterocyclic fluoroalkenyl thioethers (II)
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The present invention relates to novel heterocyclic fluoroalkenyl thioethers of the formula (I) in which X represents hydrogen, halogen or alkyl, m represents integers from 3 to 10, n represents 0, 1 or 2, Het represents the groupings, where R1 represents hydrogen, mercapto, represents in each case optionally halogen-substituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulphinyl, alkylsulphonyl or alkenyl, represents optionally substituted aryl or represents optionally substituted heterocyclyl, Y represents oxygen or sulphur, and R2 represents hydrogen, alkyl or optionally substituted aryl, and to processes for their preparation and to their use as pesticides.
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