- Synthesis method of N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide
-
The invention relates to a synthesis method of N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide. By taking solid acrylamide and paraformaldehyde as raw materials, adopting a supported quaternary ammonium base catalyst, and selectively activating an amino group in the acrylamide by controlling the size of a hydrocarbyl group connected with quaternary ammonium base and utilizing the steric effect of hydrocarbyl, the self-polymerization behavior in the production process of the N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide is reduced, and the N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide monomer is efficiently obtained. The supported quaternary ammonium alkali is used as the catalyst, the reaction condition is mild, the selectivity is high, system polymerization caused by the traditional inorganic alkali liquor reaction is effectively avoided, and the reaction system can realize high-efficiency conversion of raw materials without adding a large amount of water as a reaction solvent, so that the yield is improved; and the supported quaternary ammonium base catalyst has the characteristics of large specific surface area, high reaction activity and the like, greatly reduces the use amount of solvent water in the reaction process, is convenient to remove in the post-treatment process, and reduces sewage discharge.
- -
-
Paragraph 0033-0035
(2021/06/12)
-
- Preparation of Acifluorfen-Based Ionic Liquids with Fluorescent Properties for Enhancing Biological Activities and Reducing the Risk to the Aquatic Environment
-
In this work, 12 novel herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs) based on acifluorfen were prepared by pairing with the fluorescent hydrazides or different alkyl chains for increasing activities and reducing negative impacts on the aquatic environment. The results showed that the fluorescence of coumarin hydrazide in the HILs was applied as the internal and supplementary light source to meet the requirement of light wavelength range of acifluorfen, which improved the phytotoxicity of acifluorfen to weeds by enhancing singlet oxygen generation with increased sunlight utilization. The herbicidal activities of HILs were related positively with the length of chain of cation under high light intensity and depended mainly on the fluorescence characteristic of the cation under low light intensity, and the double salt IL forms of acifluorfen containing coumarin hydrazide and n-hexadecyltrimethylammonium had enhanced efficacies against broadleaf weeds in the field. Compared with acifluorfen sodium, HILs had lower water solubility, better surface activity, weaker mobility in soils, and higher decomposition temperature. These results demonstrated that HILs containing different cations provided a wider scope for fine-tuning of the physicochemical and biological properties of herbicides and established a promising way for the development of environmentally friendly herbicidal formulations.
- Cao, Yongsong,Li, Jianqiang,Niu, Junfan,Tang, Gang,Tang, Jingyue,Tang, Rong,Yang, Jiale,Zhang, Wenbing,Zhou, Zhiyuan
-
p. 6048 - 6057
(2020/06/26)
-
- Quaternary ammonium salt type perrhenate ionic liquid and synthetic method and application thereof
-
The invention discloses quaternary ammonium salt type perrhenate ionic liquid and a synthetic method and application thereof. The method comprises the steps that alkyl ammonium bromide and KOH are reacted to obtain quaternary ammonium base, the quaternary ammonium base and perrhenate (NH4ReO4) metal salt are subjected to a replacement reaction, and quaternary ammonium salt type perrhenate ionic liquid is obtained. The synthesized quaternary ammonium salt type perrhenate ionic liquid is a pollution-free catalyst, has catalysis activity for lignocellulose, can be used as the catalyst for degrading lignocellulose to prepare reducing sugar, and the high yield is obtained.
- -
-
Paragraph 0022
(2017/06/02)
-
- Influence of alkyl chain length and temperature on thermophysical properties of ammonium-based ionic liquids with molecular solvent
-
Mixing of ionic liquids (ILs) with molecular solvent can expand the range of structural properties and the scope of molecular interactions between the molecules of the solvents. Exploiting of these phenomena essentially require a basic fundamental understanding of mixing behavior of ILs with molecular solvents. In this context, a series of protic ILs possessing tetra-alkyl ammonium cation [R4N]+ with commonly used anion hydroxide [OH]- were synthesized and characterized by temperature dependent thermophysical properties. The ILs [R4N]+[OH]- are varying only in the length of alkyl chain (R is methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl) of tetra-alkyl ammonium on the cationic part. The ILs used for the present study included tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide [(CH3) 4N]+[OH]- (TMAH), tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide [(C2H5)4N]+[OH]- (TEAH), tetrapropyl ammonium hydroxide [(C3H7)4N] +[OH]- (TPAH) and tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide [(C 4H9)4N]+[OH]- (TBAH). The alkyl chain length effect has been analyzed by precise measurements such as densities (ρ), ultrasonic sound velocity (u), and viscosity (η) of these ILs with polar solvent, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), over the full composition range as a function of temperature. The excess molar volume (VE), the deviation in isentropic compressibility (Δκs) and deviation in viscosity (Δη) were predicted using these properties as a function of the concentration of ILs. Redlich-Kister polynomial was used to correlate the results. A qualitative analysis of the results is discussed in terms of the ion-dipole, ion-pair interactions, and hydrogen bonding between ILs and NMP molecules. Later, the hydrogen bonding features between ILs and NMP were also analyzed using a molecular modeling program with the help of HyperChem 7.
- Kavitha,Attri, Pankaj,Venkatesu, Pannuru,Devi, R. S. Rama,Hofman
-
experimental part
p. 4561 - 4574
(2012/07/02)
-
- Temperature effect on the molecular interactions between ammonium ionic liquids and N, N-dimethylformamide
-
In view of the wide scope of molecular interactions between the highly polar compound of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and ammonium ionic liquids (ILs), we have measured thermophysical properties such as densities (??) and ultrasonic sound velocities (u) over the whole composition range at temperatures ranging from 25 to 50 ?°C under atmospheric pressure. To gain some insight into the several aggregations of molecular interactions present in these mixed solvents, we predicted the excess molar volume (VE) and the deviations in isentropic compressibilities (??Ks) as a function of the concentration of IL. These results are fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomials. The materials investigated in the present study included the hydroxide series of ammonium ILs of tetramethylammonium hydroxide [(CH 3)4N][OH] (TMAH), tetraethylammonium hydroxide [(C 2H5)4N][OH] (TEAH), and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide [(C2H7)4N][OH] (TPAH). The intermolecular interactions and structural effects were analyzed on the basis of the measured and the derived properties. A qualitative analysis of the results is discussed in terms of the ion-dipole and ion-pair interactions, and hydrogen bonding between ILs and DMF molecules and their structural factors. ? 2010 American Chemical Society.
- Attri, Pankaj,Venkatesu, Pannuru,Kumar, Anil
-
experimental part
p. 13415 - 13425
(2011/02/18)
-
- METHOD FOR PRODUCING QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS
-
The inventive method for producing quaternary ammonium compounds consists in reacting compounds containing an sp3 hybridised nitrogen atom with dialkyl sulphate or trialkyl phosphate and in exposing the thus obtained ammonium compound to an ion-exchange.
- -
-
Page/Page column 21
(2008/06/13)
-
- Process for preparing 4-aminodiphenylamine
-
The present invention discloses a process for preparing 4-aminodiphenylamine, which process uses nitrobenzene and aniline as raw materials, a complex base catalyst as condensation catalyst and a powdery composite catalyst as hydrogenation catalyst, and comprises five process stages: condensation; separation I; hydrogenation; separation II; and refining. The process can be continuously carried out. By selecting a complex base catalyst to catalyze the condensation reaction and separating it prior to the hydrogenation, the problem that the complex base catalysts thermally decompose in the hydrogenation reaction is avoided, the selectable range of hydrogenation catalysts is largely enlarged so that it is possible to select cheaper hydrogenation catalyst, and the selection of production process and equipment is easier and further industrialization is easier. The complex base catalysts used in the present invention are inexpensive and have higher catalytic activity. The process can be carried out at mild conditions and can adapt to broad range of water content, by-product is less and conversion and selectivity are higher. The operational strength is low, no corrosive liquid is produced, and environment pollution is reduced. The purity of 4-aminodiphenylamine prepared can exceed 99 wt.-%, and the yield in the industrial production process can be over 95%.
- -
-
Page/Page column 11
(2008/06/13)
-
- Anion Effect on the Current Efficiency During the Preparation of Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide Solution by Electrolysis
-
Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) of high quality without corrosive ions were prepared by the electrolysis of the solution containing tetramethylammonium hydrogencarbonate (TMAC).Current efficiency varies by the anion of the tetramethylammonium salts and best with hydrogencarbonate among sulfate, chloride and formate salts.
- Yagi, Osamu,Shimizu, Shumpei
-
p. 1683 - 1686
(2007/10/02)
-
- Synthesis of Pure Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide Solution Free from Chloride Ion by the Electrolysis of its Hydrogen Carbonate
-
Tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution free from chloride ion was produced by the electrolysis of tetramethylammonium hydrogen carbonate using a cation exchange membrane as a diaphragm.The hydrogen carbonate was prepared by the reaction of trimethylamine and dimethyl carbonate in methanol.
- Yagi, Osamu,Shimizu, Shumpei
-
p. 2041 - 2044
(2007/10/02)
-
- A colorimetric method and reagent for the assay of lithium in a test sample
-
A chromogenic cryptand found to be especially selective in the determination of lithium in blood of the general formula (I): where:, n = 1 or 2,R1 and R2, same or different, are hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, or lower alkylidene; and, Q is a chromogenic moiety capable of providing a detectable response upon complexation of said compound with lithium ion and has the structure: wherein:, X is CH, C-OH or N; and, Z is p-nitrophenylazo, 2,4-dinitrophenylazo,2,4,6-trinitrophenylazo, p-nitrostyryl,p-benzoquinonemonoimino,bis-(4-dimethylaminophenyl) hydroxymethyl,3-phenylisothiazolyl-5-azo, thiazolyl-5-azo; or isothiazolyl-5-azo. A reagent composition and synthesis of a preferred chromogenic cryptand are also disclosed.
- -
-
-
- Process for the preparation of penicillanic acid esters
-
A process for the preparation of chloromethyl esters of penicillanic acids, using iodochloromethane or bromochloromethane and a tetraalkylammonium salt of the penicillanic acid, and their use in processes for the synthesis of penicillanic acid esters, using a halomethyl ester and the tetraalkylammonium salt of the penicillanic acid, which readily hydrolyze in vivo to antibacterial penicillins and the beta-lactamase inhibitor penicillanic acid sulfone.
- -
-
-
- (Piperidino oxoethoxy)acetic acid compounds, compositions and methods
-
Novel (2-amino-2-oxoethoxy)acetic acid compounds and antisecretory compositions and methods employing (2-amino-2-oxoethoxy)acetic acid compounds are disclosed. The (2-amino-2-oxoethoxy)acetic acid compounds are also useful as cardiotonic agents and as clacium binding agents; certain of the compounds are also useful for their calcium transport properties. Novel 4-substituted 3,5-morpholinediones intermediates in the preparation of certain of the (2-amino-2-oxoethoxy)acetic acid compounds and further useful as antisecretory agents are also disclosed.
- -
-
-
- Preparation of high purity tetrahydrocarbylammonium tetrahydridoborates
-
High purity tetrahydrocarbylammonium tetrahydridoborates are prepared under anhydrous conditions by reacting tetrahydrocarbylammonium salts with at least 8% molar excess of an alkali metal hydroxide in the presence of ethanol to produce the corresponding tetrahydrocarbylammonium hydroxides and alkali metal salts, removing the alkali metal salts and adding an alkali metal borohydride to the solution to produce the corresponding tetrahydrocarbylammonium tetrahydridoborates and alkali metal hydroxides.
- -
-
-