- Size-Driven Inversion of Selectivity in Esterification Reactions: Secondary Beat Primary Alcohols
-
Relative rates for the Lewis base-mediated acylation of secondary and primary alcohols carrying large aromatic side chains with anhydrides differing in size and electronic structure have been measured. While primary alcohols react faster than secondary ones in transformations with monosubstituted benzoic anhydride derivatives, relative reactivities are inverted in reactions with sterically biased 1-naphthyl anhydrides. Further analysis of reaction rates shows that increasing substrate size leads to an actual acceleration of the acylation process, the effect being larger for secondary as compared to primary alcohols. Computational results indicate that acylation rates are guided by noncovalent interactions (NCIs) between the catalyst ring system and the DED substituents in the alcohol and anhydride reactants. Thereby stronger NCIs are formed for secondary alcohols than for primary alcohols.
- Mayr, Stefanie,Marin-Luna, Marta,Zipse, Hendrik
-
p. 3456 - 3489
(2021/03/01)
-
- Electrochemical Synthesis of Biaryls via Oxidative Intramolecular Coupling of Tetra(hetero)arylborates
-
We report herein versatile, transition metal-free and additive-free (hetero)aryl-aryl coupling reactions promoted by the oxidative electrocoupling of unsymmetrical tetra(hetero)arylborates (TABs) prepared from ligand-exchange reactions on potassium trifluoroarylborates. Exploiting the power of electrochemical oxidations, this method complements the existing organoboron toolbox. We demonstrate the broad scope, scalability, and robustness of this unconventional catalyst-free transformation, leading to functionalized biaryls and ultimately furnishing drug-like small molecules, as well as late stage derivatization of natural compounds. In addition, the observed selectivity of the oxidative coupling reaction is related to the electronic structure of the TABs through quantum-chemical calculations and experimental investigations.
- Music, Arif,Baumann, Andreas N.,Spie?, Philipp,Plantefol, Allan,Jagau, Thomas C.,Didier, Dorian
-
supporting information
p. 4341 - 4348
(2020/03/04)
-
- POLYMERIZABLE COMPOUND AND OPTICAL ANISOTROPIC BODY
-
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a polymerizable compound that has a high refractive index anisotropy, prevents the occurrence of crystal deposition or the like when added to a polymerizable liquid crystal composition and has high storage stability, also
- -
-
Paragraph 0173; 0175
(2016/10/08)
-
- ANTI-MALIGNANT TUMOR AGENT COMPOSITION
-
To provide a satisfactory anticancer agent composition suppressing the growth of cancer (malignant tumor) reliably and hardly causing side effects, the present invention is directed to an anticancer agent composition including the following agents as active ingredient; a LAT1 inhibitor, and one or more agents selected from the group consisting of an alkylating agent, a platinum-based antineoplastic agent, an anti-metabolite, a topoisomerase inhibitor, an anti-microtubule polymerizing agent, a hormonal agent, an anti-microtubule depolymerizing agent, an anticancer antibiotic, and a molecular targeted agent.
- -
-
Paragraph 0087
(2016/01/25)
-
- NOVEL ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR COMPOUND, AND ORGANIC THIN FILM TRANSISTOR USING THE SAME
-
The present invention relates to novel mono- molecular organic semiconductor compounds and organic thin film transistors comprising the same. The organic semiconductor compounds according to the present invention are characterized by a structure of an acene derivative substituted with acetylene groups at both ends, a structure of anthracene derivative substituted with acetylene groups, or a structure of a multi-nuclear aromatic derivative functionalized by naphthalene having an electron-donor substituent at both ends.
- -
-
Page/Page column 47-48
(2008/12/04)
-
- ERβ ligands. 3. Exploiting two binding orientations of the 2-phenylnaphthalene scaffold to achieve ERβ selectivity
-
The 2-phenylnaphthalene scaffold was explored as a simplified version of genistein in order to identify ER selective ligands. With the aid of docking studies, positions 1, 4, and 8 of the 2-phenylnaphthalene template were predicted to be the most potentially influential positions to enhance ER selectivity using two different binding orientations. Both orientations have the phenol moiety mimicking the A-ring of genistein. Several compounds predicted to adopt orientations similar to that of genistein when bound to ERβ were observed to have slightly higher ER affinity and selectivity than genistein. The second orientation we exploited, which was different from that of genistein when bound to ERβ, resulted in the discovery of several compounds that had superior ER selectivity and affinity versus genistein. X-ray structures of two ER selective compounds (i.e., 15 and 47) confirmed the alternate binding mode and suggested that substituents at positions 1 and 8 were responsible for inducing selectivity. One compound (i.e., 47, WAY-202196) was further examined and found to be effective in two models of inflammation, suggesting that targeting ER may be therapeutically useful in treating certain chronic inflammatory diseases.
- Mewshaw, Richard E.,Edsall Jr., Richard J.,Yang, Cuijian,Manas, Eric S.,Xu, Zhang B.,Henderson, Ruth A.,Keith Jr., James C.,Harris, Heather A.
-
p. 3953 - 3979
(2007/10/03)
-
- Synthesis and photochromic properties of 2H,9H-indeno[1,2-f]- and 3H,7H-indeno[2,1-i]-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrans
-
Expedient syntheses of the 3-hydroxy- and 6-hydroxy- derivatives of 11H-benzo[a]-fluoren-11-one, obtained via Suzuki-Miyaura couplings are described. Reactions of these phenols with 1,1-diarylprop-2-yn-1-ols give indeno[2,1-i]- and indeno[1,2-f]-naphtho[2
- Gabbutt, Christopher D.,Heron, B. Mark,Mars, Craig A.,Partington, Steven M.
-
p. 167 - 172
(2007/10/03)
-
- SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS
-
The present invention provides a compound represented by the following formula (I); [wherein T represents a single bond, a C1-C4 alkylene group which may have a substituent and the like; formula (I-1) represents a single bond or a double bond; A represents a single bond, a bivalent 5- to 14-membered heterocyclic group which may have a substituent and the like; Y represents a single bond and the like; Z represents a methylene group and the like; ring G represents a phenylene group and the like which may condense with a 5- to 6-membered ring and may have a heteroatom; Ra and Rb are the same as or different from each other and represent a hydrogen atom and the like; W represents a single bond and the like; R' represents 1 to 4 independent hydrogen atoms and the like; and R" represents 1 to 4 independent hydrogen atoms and the like] or a salt thereof, or a hydrate thereof.
- -
-
Page/Page column 126
(2008/06/13)
-
- AROMATIC AMINO ACID DERIVATIVES AND MEDICINAL COMPOSITIONS
-
An aromatic amino acid derivative represented by the formula ( I ) or its pharmacologically acceptable salt: wherein,R1 is a hydrogen atom or an amino-protecting group,R2 is a halogen atom or an alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group,R3 is 1○ a hydrogen atom, 2○ an aroylamino group, 3○ a phenyl group substituted with lower alkyl, phenyl, phenoxy, etc. 4○ a naphthyl or tetrahydronaphthyl group optionally substituted with hydroxy, lower alkoxy or di(lower)alkylamino, 5○ an unsaturated mono-cyclic heterocyclic group containing N, O and/or S substituted with lower alkyl, phenyl, naphthyl or tetrahydroquinolyl, 6○ an unsaturated or partially saturated condensed heterocyclic group containing N, O and/or S, optionally substituted with oxo, carboxy, amino, lower alkyl, etc.; X is a halogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group; Y is oxygen atom or nitrogen atom; 1 is 0 or 1; m is 0, 1 or 2; n is an integer of 0-5. This compound can inhibit a transporter (LAT1) of essential amino acid which is one of main nutrition for cancer cells and accordingly cause drain of the essential amino acid on the cancer cells and finally can prohibit the multiplication of cancer cells.
- -
-
-
- Inhibitors of factor Xa
-
Novel compounds, their salts and compositions related thereto having activity against mammalian factor Xa are disclosed. The compounds are useful in vitro or in vivo for preventing or treating coagulation disorders.
- -
-
-
- Inhibitors of factor Xa
-
Novel compounds, their salts and compositions related thereto having activity against mammalian factor Xa are disclosed. The compounds are useful in vitro or in vivo for preventing or treating coagulation disorders.
- -
-
-
- Palladium-Catalysed Cross Coupling of Arylboronic Acids with 2-Chloro-1,4-naphthoquinones: The Synthesis of 2-Aryl- and 2,3-Bisaryl-1,4-naphthoquinones
-
2-Chloro-1,4-naphthoquinones underwent palladium-catalysed cross coupling reactions with arylboronic acids to give the corresponding 2-aryl-1,4-naphthoquinones. Similarly, 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone underwent efficient cross coupling reactions with arylboronic acids to give mono or bis adducts. The required 2-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinones were conveniently prepared from the corresponding 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinones by treatment with oxalyl chloride.
- Best, Wayne M.,Sims, Colette G.,Winslade, Merilyn
-
p. 401 - 404
(2007/10/03)
-