- Discovery of Novel Benzothiazepinones as Irreversible Covalent Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Inhibitors for the Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
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Recently, irreversible inhibitors have attracted great interest in antitumors due to their advantages of forming covalent bonds to target proteins. Herein, some benzothiazepinone compounds (BTZs) have been designed and synthesized as novel covalent GSK-3β inhibitors with high selectivity for the kinase panel. The irreversible covalent binding mode was identified by kinetics and mass spectrometry, and the main labeled residue was confirmed to be the unique Cys14 that exists only in GSK-3β. The candidate 4-3 (IC50 = 6.6 μM) showed good proliferation inhibition and apoptosis-inducing ability to leukemia cell lines, low cytotoxicity on normal cell lines, and no hERG inhibition, which hinted the potential efficacy and safety. Furthermore, 4-3 exhibited decent pharmacokinetic properties in vivo and remarkably inhibited tumor growth in the acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) mouse model. All the results suggest that these newly irreversible BTZ compounds might be useful in the treatment of cancer such as APL.
- Zhang, Peng,Min, Zhihui,Gao, Yang,Bian, Jiang,Lin, Xin,He, Jie,Ye, Deyong,Li, Yilin,Peng, Chao,Cheng, Yunfeng,Chu, Yong
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p. 7341 - 7358
(2021/06/28)
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- Photo-Promoted Decarboxylative Alkylation of α, β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids with ICH2CN for the Synthesis of β, γ-Unsaturated Nitriles
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An efficient, catalyst/photocatalyst-free, and cost-effective methodology for the decarboxylative alkylation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids to synthesize β,γ-unsaturated nitriles has been developed. The reaction proceeded in an environmentally benign atmosphere of blue light-emitting diode irradiation with K2CO3 and water at room temperature. The methodology worked for a wide range of substrates (22 examples) with up to 83% yield. The protocol is also compatible for gram-scale synthesis.
- Pan, Chunxiang,Yang, Chunhui,Li, Kangkui,Zhang, Keyang,Zhu, Yuanbin,Wu, Shiyuan,Zhou, Yongyun,Fan, Baomin
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supporting information
p. 7188 - 7193
(2021/10/01)
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- Metal-Free Hydropyridylation of Thioester-Activated Alkenes via Electroreductive Radical Coupling
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An electrochemical hydropyridylation of thioester-activated alkenes with 4-cyanopyridines has been developed. The reactions experience a tandem electroreduction of both substrates on the cathode surface, protonation, and radical cross-coupling process, resulting in a variety of valuable pyridine variants, which contain a tertiary and even a quaternary carbon at the α-position of pyridines, in high yields. The employment of thioesters to the conjugated alkenes enables no requirement of catalyst and high temperature, representing a highly sustainable synthetic method.
- Xu, Hehuan,Liu, Jiayu,Nie, Feiyun,Zhao, Xiaowei,Jiang, Zhiyong
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p. 16204 - 16212
(2021/10/25)
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- Meta-substituted piperlongumine derivatives attenuate inflammation in both RAW264.7 macrophages and a mouse model of colitis
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Piperlongumine (PL) has been showed to have multiple pharmacological activities. In this study, we reported the synthesis of three series of PL derivatives, and evaluation of their anti-inflammatory effects in both lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Raw264.7 macrophages and a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of colitis. Our results presented that two meta-substituent containing derivatives 1–3 and 1–6, in which γ-butyrolactam replaced α,β-unsaturated δ-valerolactam ring of PL, displayed low cytotoxicity and effective anti-inflammatory activity. Molecular docking also showed that the meta-substituted derivative, compared with the corresponding ortho- or para-substituted derivative, had significant interactions with the amino acid residues of CD14, which was the core receptors recognizing LPS. In vitro and in vivo studies, 1–3 and 1–6 could inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the excessive production of reactive nitrogen species and reactive oxygen species. Oral administration of 100 mg/kg/day of 1–3 or 1–6 alleviated the severity of clinical symptoms of colitis in mice, and significantly reduced the colonic tissue damage to protect the colonic tissue from the DSS-induced colitis. These results suggested that meta-substituted derivatives 1–3 and 1–6 were potential anti-inflammatory agents, which may lead to future pharmaceutical development.
- Gong, Zhaotang,Liu, Guoyun,Mu, Wenwen,Wang, Ziqing,Yang, Jie
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- Design, Synthesis, and Anticancer Activity of Cinnamoylated Barbituric Acid Derivatives
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This work deals with the design and synthesis of 18 barbituric acid derivatives bearing 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid and cinnamic acid scaffolds to find potent anticancer agents. The target molecules were obtained through Knoevenagel condensation and acylation reaction. The cytotoxicity was assessed by the MTT assay. Flowcytometry was performed to determine the cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, ROS levels and the loss of MMP. The ratios of GSH/GSSG and the MDA levels were determined by using UV spectrophotometry. The results revealed that introducing substitutions (CF3, OCF3, F) on the meta- of the benzyl ring of barbituric acid derivatives led to a considerable increase in the antiproliferative activities compared with that of corresponding ortho- and para-substituted barbituric acid derivatives. Mechanism investigation implied that the 1c could increase the ROS and MDA level, decrease the ratio of GSH/GSSG and MMP, and lead to cell cycle arrest. Further research is needed for structural optimization to enhance hydrophilicity, thereby improve the biological activity of these compounds.
- Li, Peng-Xiao,Liu, Guo-Yun,Liu, Ren-Min,Liu, Yue,Mu, Wen-Wen,Sun, Ya-Lei,Yang, Jie
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- Larvicidal activity and in silico studies of cinnamic acid derivatives against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
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Cinnamic acid derivatives (CAD's) represent a great alternative in the search for insecticides against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes since they have antimicrobial and insecticide properties. Ae. aegypti is responsible for transmitting Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika viruses, among other arboviruses associated with morbimortality, especially in developing countries. In view of this, in vitro analyses of n-substituted cinnamic acids and esters were performed upon 4th instar larvae (L4) of Ae. aegypti, as well as, molecular docking studies to propose a potential biological target towards this mosquitoes species. The larvicide assays proved that n-substituted ethyl cinnamates showed a more pronounced activity than their corresponding acids, in which p-chlorocinnamate (3j) presented a LC50 value of 8.3 μg/mL. Thusly, external morphologic alterations (rigid and elongated body, curved bowel, and translucent or darkened anal papillae) of mosquitoes’ group exposed to compound 3j, were observed by microscopy. In addition, an analytical method was developed for the quantification of the most promising analog by using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV). Molecular docking studies suggested that the larvicide action is associated with inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. Therefore, expanding the larvicidal study with the cinnamic acid derivatives against the vector Ae. aegypti is important for finding search for more effective larvicides and with lower toxicity, since they have already shown good larvicidal properties against Ae. aegypti.
- Bezerra Fran?a, Saraliny,Carine Barros de Lima, Luana,Rychard da Silva Cunha, Cristhyan,Santos Anuncia??o, Daniela,Ferreira da Silva-Júnior, Edeildo,Ester de Sá Barreto Barros, Maria,José da Paz Lima, Dimas
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- (E)-4-methyl-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl) styryl) oxazole compound as well as preparation method and application thereof
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The invention belongs to the technical field of medicines, relates to a compound with anti-tumor activity and a specific chemical structure, and in particular relates to an (E)-4-methyl-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl) styryl) oxazole compound as well as a preparation method and an application thereof. The structural general formula of the compound is shown in the specification, wherein an R1 group is substituted by a 2-position, 3-position or 4-position mono-substituted fluorine atom, methyl, chlorine atom, methoxy group, bromine atom or an unsubstituted group; and the R2 group is substituted by a 2-position, 3-position or 4-position mono-substituted methoxy group, a chlorine atom or an unsubstituted group. Pharmacological studies show that the compound has certain inhibitory activity on human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells, can be used for preparing anti-tumor drugs, and opens up a new way for deep research and development of tumor drugs in the future. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple and feasible, relatively high in yield and easy for large-scale production.
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Paragraph 0062-0064; 0118-0120
(2021/06/09)
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- Photocatalytic Oxidative [2+2] Cycloelimination Reactions with Flavinium Salts: Mechanistic Study and Influence of the Catalyst Structure
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Flavinium salts are frequently used in organocatalysis but their application in photoredox catalysis has not been systematically investigated to date. We synthesized a series of 5-ethyl-1,3-dimethylalloxazinium salts with different substituents in the positions 7 and 8 and investigated their application in light-dependent oxidative cycloelimination of cyclobutanes. Detailed mechanistic investigations with a coumarin dimer as a model substrate reveal that the reaction preferentially occurs via the triplet-born radical pair after electron transfer from the substrate to the triplet state of an alloxazinium salt. The very photostable 7,8-dimethoxy derivative is a superior catalyst with a sufficiently high oxidation power (E=2.26 V) allowing the conversion of various cyclobutanes (with Eox up to 2.05 V) in high yields. Even compounds such as all-trans dimethyl 3,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylate can be converted, whose opening requires a high activation energy due to a missing pre-activation caused by bulky adjacent substituents in cis-position.
- Hartman, Tomá?,Reisnerová, Martina,Chudoba, Josef,Svobodová, Eva,Archipowa, Nataliya,Kutta, Roger Jan,Cibulka, Radek
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p. 373 - 386
(2021/02/01)
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- Iron-catalyzed domino decarboxylation-oxidation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids enabled aldehyde C-H methylation
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A practical and general iron-catalyzed domino decarboxylation-oxidation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids enabling aldehyde C-H methylation for the synthesis of methyl ketones has been developed. This mild, operationally simple method uses ambient air as the sole oxidant and tolerates sensitive functional groups for the late-stage functionalization of complex natural-product-derived and polyfunctionalized molecules.
- Gong, Pei-Xue,Xu, Fangning,Cheng, Lu,Gong, Xu,Zhang, Jie,Gu, Wei-Jin,Han, Wei
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supporting information
p. 5905 - 5908
(2021/06/18)
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- Piperlongumine analogs promote A549 cell apoptosis through enhancing ROS generation
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Chemotherapeutic agents, which contain the Michael acceptor, are potent anticancer molecules by promoting intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In this study, we synthesized a panel of PL (piperlongumine) analogs with chlorine attaching at C2 and an electronwithdrawing/electron-donating group attaching to the aromatic ring. The results displayed that the strong electrophilicity group at the C2–C3 double bond of PL analogs plays an important role in the cytotoxicity whereas the electric effect of substituents, which attached to the aromatic ring, partly contributed to the anticancer activity. Moreover, the protein containing sulfydryl or seleno, such as TrxR, could be irreversibly inhibited by the C2–C3 double bond of PL analogs, and boost intracellular ROS generation. Then, the ROS accumulation could disrupt the redox balance, induce lipid peroxidation, lead to the loss of MMP (Mitochondrial Membrane Potential), and ultimately result in cell cycle arrest and A549 cell line death. In conclusion, PL analogs could induce in vitro cancer apoptosis through the inhibition of TrxR and ROS accumulation.
- Li, Peng-Xiao,Li, Yan-Mo,Liu, Guo-Yun,Liu, Ren-Min,Mu, Wen-Wen,Sun, Ai-Ling,Sun, Ya-Lei,Yang, Jie
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- Discovery of 3-cinnamamido-n-substituted benzamides as potential antimalarial agents
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Background: Malaria is one of the most devastating parasitic diseases, yet the discovery of antimalarial agents remains profoundly challenging. Very few new antimalarials have been developed in the past 50 years, while the emergence of drug-resistance continues to appear. Objective: This study focuses on the discovery, design, synthesis, and antimalarial evaluation of 3- cinnamamido-N-substituted benzamides. Methods: In this study, a screening of our compound library was carried out against the multidrugsensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain. Derivatives of the hit were designed, synthesized and tested against P. falciparum 3D7 and the in vivo antimalarial activity of the most active compounds was evaluated using the method of Peters’ 4-day suppressive test. Results: The retrieved hit compound 1 containing a 3-cinnamamido-N-substituted benzamide skeleton showed moderate antimalarial activity (IC50 = 1.20 μM) for the first time. A series of derivatives were then synthesized through a simple four-step workflow, and half of them exhibited slightly better antimalarial effect than the precursor 1 during the subsequent in vitro assays. Additionally, compounds 11, 23, 30 and 31 displayed potent activity with IC50 values of approximately 0.1 μM, and weak cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. However, in vivo antimalarial activity is not effective, which might be ascribed to the poor solubility of these compounds. Conclusion: In this study, the phenotypic screen of our compound library resulted in the first report of a 3-cinnamamide framework with antimalarial activity and 40 derivatives were then designed and synthesized. Subsequent structure-activity studies showed that compounds 11, 23, 30 and 31 exhibited the most potent and selective activity against the P. falciparum 3D7 strain with IC50 values around 0.1 μM. Our work herein sets another example of phenotypic screen-based drug discovery, leading to potentially promising candidates of novel antimalarial agents once given further optimization.
- Futamura, Yushi,Ishiyama, Aki,Iwatsuki, Masato,Liu, Haicheng,Osada, Hiroyuki,Shi, Tao,Wu, Honghai,Zhang, Taotao,Zheng, Qunxiong,Zou, Hongbin,ōmura, Satoshi
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p. 1207 - 1218
(2022/01/06)
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- Synthesis, crystal structure, and catalytic activity of bridged-bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) palladium(II) complexes in selective Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reactions
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A series of three 1,3-propanediyl bridged bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)palladium(II) complexes (Pd-BNH1, Pd-BNH2, and Pd-BNH3), with + I effect order of the N-substituents of the ligand (isopropyl > benzyl > methoxyphenyl), was the subject of a spectroscopic, structural, computational and catalytic investigation. The bis(NHC)PdBr2 complexes were evaluated in Mizoroki-Heck coupling reactions of aryl bromides with styrene or acrylate derivatives and showed high catalytic efficiency to produce diarylethenes and cinnamic acid derivatives. The X-ray structure of the most active palladium complex Pd-BNH3 shows that the Pd(II) center is bonded to the two carbon atoms of the bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) and two bromide ligands in cis position, resulting in a distorted square planar geometry. The NMR data of Pd-BNH3 are consistent with a single chair-boat rigid conformer in solution with no dynamic behavior of the 8-membered ring palladacycle in the temperature range 25–120 °C. The catalytic activities of three Pd-bridged bis(NHC) complexes in the Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reactions were not found to have a direct correlation with +I effect order of the N-substituents of the ligand. However, a direct correlation was found between the DFT calculated absolute softness of the three complexes with their respective catalytic activity. The highest calculated softness, in the case of Pd-BNH3, is expected to favor the coordination steps of both the soft aryl bromides and alkenes in the Heck catalytic cycle.
- El Ali, Bassam,Fettouhi, Mohammed,Iali, Wissam,Mansour, Waseem,Suleiman, Rami
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- Synthesis, in vitro cytotoxicity, and molecular docking study of novel 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one based piperlongumine analogues
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With the aim of expanding the scope of SAR on piperlongumine (PL), a naturally occurring anticancer molecule, we have designed a novel hybrid molecule bearing 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one and trans-cinnamic acids. The structure, based on hybridization strategy, is used for hybridization of naturally occurring scaffolds. We have synthesized 14 hybrid molecules by coupling 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one core with cinnamic acids using the mix anhydride approach. The newly synthesized inhibitors were evaluated for cell viability against breast cancer MCF-7 and cervical cancer HeLa cell lines. Furthermore, the active compounds were screened for their potential in breast cancer MDA-MB-231, cervical cancer C33A cell lines, prostate cancer DU-145, PC-3, and normal VERO cells. From the series, compound 10g was seen to inhibit MCF-7 cell growth significantly with GI50 50 = 20 μM) and C33A (GI50 = 3.2 μM). While the inhibitor 10i inhibits MCF-7 breast cancer cell growth GI50 = 3.42 μM along with inhibition of cell growth in MDA-MB-231 (GI50 = 30 μM), HeLa (GI50 = 7.67 μM), C33A (GI50 = 13 μM), DU-145 (GI50 = 6.45 μM), PC-3 (GI50 = 8.68 μM), and VERO (GI50 = 2.93 μM), respectively. Furthermore, molecular docking study demonstrated these compounds could bind tightly to the colchicine domain of tubulin through a network of favorable steric and electrostatic interactions and thus act as a tubulin polymerization inhibitor.
- Kulkarni, Mahesh R.,Lad, Nitin P.,Khedkar, Vijay M.,Gaikwad, Nitin D.
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p. 1359 - 1370
(2021/04/09)
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- New coumarin/sulfocoumarin linked phenylacrylamides as selective transmembrane carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Synthesis and in-vitro biological evaluation
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Two novel series of phenylacrylamide linked coumarins and sulfocoumarins (6a-p, 8a-i, and 14a-g) were synthesized and evaluated against four physiologically relevant human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs, EC 4.2.1.1), isoforms hCA I, hCA II, hCA IX and hCA XII for their inhibitory action. All new compounds when screened for carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity have shown selective inhibition towards the tumor associated isoforms hCA IX and XII over CA I and II, with inhibition constants in the submicromolar to low nanomolar range. Compound 6b and 14g exhibited significant inhibition with low nanomolar potency against hCA IX, whereas 6k was effective against hCA XII. Compounds 6b, 14g and 6k may be considered as lead molecules for future development of cancer therapeutics based on a novel mechanism of action.
- Angeli, Andrea,Arifuddin, Mohammed,Singh, Priti,Supuran, Claudiu T.,Swain, Baijayantimala
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- Radical-Cation Vinylcyclopropane Rearrangements by TiO2Photocatalysis
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Radical cation vinylcyclopropane rearrangements by TiO2 photocatalysis in lithium perchlorate/nitromethane solution are described. The reactions are triggered by oxidative single electron transfer, which is followed by immediate ring-opening of the cyclopropanes to generate distonic radical cations as unique reactive intermediates. This approach can also be applied to vinylcyclobutane, leading to the construction of six-membered rings. A stepwise mechanism via distonic radical cations is proposed based on preliminary mechanistic studies, which is supported by density functional theory calculations.
- Maeta, Naoya,Kamiya, Hidehiro,Okada, Yohei
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supporting information
p. 6551 - 6566
(2020/07/14)
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- Highly efficient oxidation of alcohols to carboxylic acids using a polyoxometalate-supported chromium(iii) catalyst and CO2
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Direct catalytic oxidation of alcohols to carboxylic acids is very attractive, but economical catalysis systems have not yet been well established. Here, we show that a pure inorganic ligand-supported chromium compound, (NH4)3[CrMo6O18(OH)6] (simplified as CrMo6), could be used to effectively promote this type of reaction in the presence of CO2. In almost all cases, oxidation of various alcohols (aromatic and aliphatic) could be achieved under mild conditions, and the corresponding carboxylic acids can be achieved in high yield. The chromium catalyst 1 can be reused several times with little loss of activity. Mechanism study and control reactions demonstrate that the acidification proceeds via the key oxidative immediate of aldehydes.
- Han, Sheng,Wang, Ying,Wei, Yongge,Wu, Zhikang,Yu, Han
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p. 3150 - 3154
(2020/06/19)
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- Design and synthesis of bitopic 2-phenylcyclopropylmethylamine (pcpma) derivatives as selective dopamine d3 receptor ligands
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2-Phenylcyclopropylmethylamine (PCPMA) analogues have been reported as selective serotonin 2C agonists. On the basis of the same scaffold, we designed and synthesized a series of bitopic derivatives as dopamine D3R ligands. A number of these new compounds show a high binding affinity for D3R with excellent selectivity. Compound (1R,2R)-22e and its enantiomer (1S,2S)-22e show a comparable binding affinity for the D3R, but the former is a potent D3R agonist, while the latter acts as an antagonist. Molecular docking studies revealed different binding poses of the PCPMA moiety within the orthosteric binding pocket of the D3R, which might explain the different functional profiles of the enantiomers. Compound (1R,2R)-30q shows a high binding affinity for the D3R (Ki = 2.2 nM) along with good selectivity, as well as good bioavailability and brain penetration properties in mice. These results reveal that the PCPMA scaffold may serve as a privileged scaffold for the design of aminergic GPCR ligands.
- Tan, Liang,Zhou, Qingtong,Yan, Wenzhong,Sun, Jian,Kozikowski, Alan P.,Zhao, Suwen,Huang, Xi-Ping,Cheng, Jianjun
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p. 4579 - 4602
(2020/06/08)
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- Carboxylation of Alkenyl Boronic Acids and Alkenyl Boronic Acid Pinacol Esters with CO2 Catalyzed by Cuprous Halide
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A cuprous halide catalysed carboxylation of alkenyl boronic acids and alkenyl boronic acid pinacol esters under CO2, affording the corresponding α, β-unsaturated carboxylic acids in good yield, has been developed. The potassium (E)-trifluoro(styryl)borate is also compatible with this reaction. This simple and efficient copper(I) catalytic system showed good functional group tolerance.
- Hong, Junting,Nayal, Onkar S.,Mo, Fanyang
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supporting information
p. 2813 - 2818
(2020/05/16)
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- Method for preparing alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid by reacting alkenyl boron compound with carbon dioxide under catalysis of cuprous halide
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The invention discloses a method for preparing alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid through a carboxylation reaction of an alkenyl boron compound and carbon dioxide under the catalysis of cuprous halide. According to the method, carbon dioxide is used as a C1 source, the cuprous halide is adopted for catalysis, and alkoxide serves as alkali to react in an organic solvent, so the method is simple and easy to implement, has a wide substrate application range, converts various alkenyl boron compounds such as alkenyl boric acid, alkenyl borate and borate into corresponding alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid under mild conditions, and has a very high yield. The obtained product alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid is an important intermediate for preparing fine chemical products suchas perfumes, insecticides and the like.
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Paragraph 0057-0058
(2020/06/17)
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- The potential role of the 5,6-dihydropyridin-2(1: H)-one unit of piperlongumine on the anticancer activity
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Piperlongumine (PL), a potent anticancer agent from the plant long pepper (Piper longum), contains the 5,6-dihydropyridin-2(1H)-one heterocyclic scaffold and cinnamoyl unit. In this paper, we synthesized a series of PL analogs and evaluated their cytotoxicity against cancer cells for the sake of exploring which pharmacophore plays a more potent role in enhancing the anticancer activities of PL. These results illustrated that the position effect, not the electronic effect, of substituents plays a certain role in the cytotoxicity of PL and its analogs. More important, the 5,6-dihydropyridin-2(1H)-one unit, a potent pharmacophore in enhancing the antiproliferative activities of PL, could react with cysteamine and lead to ROS generation, and then bring about the occurrence of ROS-induced downstream events, followed by cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This work suggests that introducing a lactam unit containing Michael acceptors may be a potent strategy to enhancing the anticancer activity of drugs. This journal is
- Li, Peng-Xiao,Liu, Guo-Yun,Liu, Yue,Mu, Wen-Wen,Yang, Jie
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p. 42128 - 42136
(2020/12/09)
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- Pyridazinone derivative, and preparation method and medical application thereof
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The invention provides a pyridazinone derivative, and a preparation method and a medical application thereof. O-formylbenzoic acid used as a raw material reacts with dimethyl phosphite to obtain dimethyl (3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-1-yl)phosphonate, the dimethyl (3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-1-yl)phosphonate reacts with 3-cyano-4-fluorobenzaldehyde in the presence of triethylamine to prepare (Z,E)-2-fluoro-5-[(3-oxoisobenzofuran-1(3H)-ylidene)methyl]benzonitrile, and the (Z,E)-2-fluoro-5-[(3-oxoisobenzofuran-1(3H)-ylidene)methyl]benzonitrile is reduced by hydrazine hydrate to prepare 2-fluoro-5-[(4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyridazin-1-yl)methyl]benzoic acid; and benzaldehyde or substituted aromatic formaldehyde or furfural used as a raw material and malonic acid undergo a Knoevenagel reaction to obtain cinnamic acid or substituted cinnamic acid or furan-2-acrylic acid, the cinnamic acid or substituted cinnamic acid or furan-2-acrylic acid and 1-tert-butoxycarbonylpiperazine undergo an amidation reaction, a tert-butoxycarbonyl group is removed from the obtained amidation product in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid, and the obtained product and the 2-fluoro-5-[(4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyridazin-1-yl)methyl]benzoic acid undergo the amidation reaction to obtain a series of (E)-4-{3-[4-[(3-substituted aryl)acryloyl]piperazin-1-carbonyl]-4-fluorobenzyl}-2H-pyridazin-1-one derivatives. Results of preliminary pharmacological activity screening show that the compound represented by a general formula shown in the present invention has a certain in-vitro PARP-1 inhibition ability and a certain in-vitro tumor cell proliferation resisting activity. The structural general formula of compound is shown in the description; and in the general formula, Ar is selected from two formulas also shown in the description, and R1, R2, R3, R3, R4 and R5 can be the hydrogen atom, the fluorine atom, the chlorine atom, the bromine atom, a methyl group, a methoxy group, a tetrafluoromethyl group and a nitro group.
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Paragraph 0128-0132
(2019/10/07)
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- Synthesis, preliminarily biological evaluation and molecular docking study of new Olaparib analogues as multifunctional PARP-1 and cholinesterase inhibitors
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A series of new Olaparib derivatives was designed and synthesized, and their inhibitory activities against poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases-1 (PARP-1) enzyme and cancer cell line MDA-MB-436 in vitro were evaluated. The results showed that compound 5l exhibited the most potent inhibitory effects on PARP-1 enzyme (16.10 ± 1.25 nM) and MDA-MB-436 cancer cell (11.62 ± 2.15 μM), which was close to that of Olaparib. As a PARP-1 inhibitor had been reported to be viable to neuroprotection, in order to search for new multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the inhibitory activities of the synthesized compounds against the enzymes AChE (from electric eel) and BChE (from equine serum) were also tested. Compound 5l displayed moderate BChE inhibitory activity (9.16 ± 0.91 μM) which was stronger than neostigmine (12.01 ± 0.45 μM) and exhibited selectivity for BChE over AChE to some degree. Molecular docking studies indicated that 5l could bind simultaneously to the catalytic active of PARP-1, but it could not interact well with huBChE. For pursuit of PARP-1 and BChE dual-targeted inhibitors against AD, small and flexible non-polar groups introduced to the compound seemed to be conducive to improving its inhibitory potency on huBChE, while keeping phthalazine-1-one moiety unchanged which was mainly responsible for PARP-1 inhibitory activity. Our research gave a clue to search for new agents based on AChE and PARP-1 dual-inhibited activities to treat Alzheimer’s disease.
- Gao, Cheng-Zhi,Dong, Wei,Cui, Zhi-Wen,Yuan, Qiong,Hu, Xia-Min,Wu, Qing-Ming,Han, Xianlin,Xu, Yao,Min, Zhen-Li
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p. 150 - 162
(2018/11/30)
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- Semireduction of alkynoic acids via a transition metal-free α borylation-protodeborylation sequence
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A method for the semi-reduction of alkynoic acids through an α-borylation and subsequent protodeborylation mechanism has been developed. The transition metal-free protocol is achieved through the activation of bis(pinacolato)diboron by an in situ generated carboxylate moiety yielding aryl acrylic acids. Our studies demonstrate an unprecedented dual role for the carboxylate anion that involves the activation of the diboron reagent and a directing effect in the α-borylation.
- Verma, Astha,Grams, R. Justin,Rastatter, Brett P.,Santos, Webster L.
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supporting information
p. 2113 - 2117
(2019/02/25)
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- Discovery of 3,4,6-Trisubstituted Piperidine Derivatives as Orally Active, Low hERG Blocking Akt Inhibitors via Conformational Restriction and Structure-Based Design
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A series of 3,4-disubstituted piperidine derivatives were obtained based on a conformational restriction strategy and a lead compound, A12, that exhibited potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacies; however, obvious safety issues limited its further development. Thus, systematic exploration of the structure-activity relationship of compound A12, involving the phenyl group, hinge-linkage, and piperidine moiety, led to the discovery of the superior 3,4,6-trisubstituted piperidine derivative E22. E22 showed increased potency in Akt1 and cancer cell inhibition, remarkably reduced human ether-a-go-go-related gene blockage, and significantly improved safety profiles. Compound E22 also exhibited good kinase selectivity, had a good pharmacokinetic profile, and displayed very potent in vivo antitumor efficacy, with over 90% tumor growth inhibition in the SKOV3 xenograft model. Further mechanistic studies were conducted to demonstrate that compound E22 could significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of proteins downstream of Akt kinase in cells and tumor tissue from the xenograft model.
- Dong, Xiaowu,Zhan, Wenhu,Zhao, Mengting,Che, Jinxin,Dai, Xiaoyang,Wu, Yizhe,Xu, Lei,Zhou, Yubo,Zhao, Yanmei,Tian, Tian,Cheng, Gang,Jin, Zegao,Li, Jia,Shao, Yanfei,He, Qiaojun,Yang, Bo,Weng, Qinjie,Hu, Yongzhou
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supporting information
p. 7264 - 7288
(2019/08/20)
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- Rational modifications on a benzylidene-acrylohydrazide antiviral scaffold, synthesis and evaluation of bioactivity against Chikungunya virus
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Chikungunya virus is a re-emerging arbovirus transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes, responsible for an acute febrile illness associated with painful and debilitating arthralgia, which can persist for several months or become chronic. Over the past few years, infection with this virus has spread worldwide with a previously unknown virulence. No specific antiviral treatments nor vaccines are currently available against this important pathogen. Starting from the structure of a class of selective anti-CHIKV agents previously identified in our research group, different modifications to this scaffold were rationally designed, and 69 novel small-molecule derivatives were synthesised and evaluated for their inhibition of Chikungunya virus replication in Vero cells. Further structure-activity relationships associated with this class of antiviral agents were elucidated for the original scaffolds, and novel antiviral compounds with EC50 values in the low micromolar range were identified. This work provides the foundation for further investigation of these new structures as antivirals against Chikungunya virus.
- Giancotti, Gilda,Cancellieri, Michela,Balboni, Andrea,Giustiniano, Mariateresa,Novellino, Ettore,Delang, Leen,Neyts, Johan,Leyssen, Pieter,Brancale, Andrea,Bassetto, Marcella
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supporting information
p. 56 - 68
(2018/03/06)
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- Discovery of caffeic acid phenethyl ester derivatives as novel myeloid differentiation protein 2 inhibitors for treatment of acute lung injury
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Myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2) is an essential molecule which recognizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS), leading to initiation of inflammation through the activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) from propolis of honeybee hives could interfere interactions between LPS and the TLR4/MD2 complex, and thereby has promising anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we designed and synthesized 48 CAPE derivatives and evaluated their anti-inflammatory activities in mouse primary peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) activated by LPS. The most active compound, 10s, was found to bind with MD2 with high affinity, which prevented formation of the LPS/MD2/TLR4 complex. The binding mode of 10s revealed that the major interactions with MD2 were established via two key hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Furthermore, 10s showed remarkable protective effects against LPS-caused ALI (acute lung injury) in vivo. Taken together, this work provides new lead structures and candidates as MD2 inhibitors for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.
- Chen, Lingfeng,Jin, Yiyi,Chen, Hongjin,Sun, Chuchu,Fu, Weitao,Zheng, Lulu,Lu, Min,Chen, Pengqin,Chen, Gaozhi,Zhang, Yali,Liu, Zhiguo,Wang, Yi,Song, Zengqiang,Liang, Guang
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p. 361 - 375
(2017/12/07)
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- An Efficient Aerobic Oxidation Protocol of Aldehydes to Carboxylic Acids in Water Catalyzed by an Inorganic-Ligand-Supported Copper Catalyst
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A method for the aerobic oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids in water by using an inorganic-ligand-supported copper catalyst was developed. This method was performed with the use of atmospheric oxygen as the sole oxidant under extremely mild aqueous conditions, and furthermore, a wide range of aldehydes with various functional groups were tolerated. The copper catalyst could be recycled and used in successive reactions at least six times without any appreciable degradation in performance. This method is operationally simple and avoids the use of high-costing, toxic, air/moisture-sensitive, and commercially unavailable organic ligands. The generality of this method gives it potential to be used on the industrial scale.
- Yu, Han,Ru, Shi,Zhai, Yongyan,Dai, Guoyong,Han, Sheng,Wei, Yongge
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p. 1253 - 1257
(2018/02/16)
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- A novel serine racemase inhibitor suppresses neuronal over-activation in vivo
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Serine racemase (SRR) is an enzyme that produces D-serine from L-serine. D-Serine acts as an endogenous coagonist of NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs), which regulate many physiological functions. Over-activation of NMDARs induces excitotoxicity, which is observed in many neurodegenerative disorders and epilepsy states. In our previous works on the generation of SRR gene knockout (Srr-KO) mice and its protective effects against NMDA- and Aβ peptide-induced neurodegeneration, we hypothesized that the regulation of NMDARs’ over-activation by inhibition of SRR activity is one such therapeutic strategy to combat these disease states. In the previous study, we performed in silico screening to identify four compounds with inhibitory activities against recombinant SRR. Here, we synthesized 21 derivatives of candidate 1, one of four hit compounds, and performed screening by in vitro evaluations. The derivative 13J showed a significantly lower IC50 value in vitro, and suppressed neuronal over-activation in vivo.
- Mori, Hisashi,Wada, Ryogo,Takahara, Satoyuki,Horino, Yoshikazu,Izumi, Hironori,Ishimoto, Tetsuya,Yoshida, Tomoyuki,Mizuguchi, Mineyuki,Obita, Takayuki,Gouda, Hiroaki,Hirono, Shuichi,Toyooka, Naoki
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p. 3736 - 3745
(2017/06/13)
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- Enantioselective Synthesis of N?H-Free 1,5-Benzothiazepines
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An enantioselective sulfa-Michael-cyclization reaction was developed for the synthesis of 1,5-benzothiazepines with versatile pharmacological activities. The reaction between 2-aminothiophenol and α,β-unsaturated pyrazoleamides gave direct access to N?H-free 1,5-benzothiazepines in the presence of a chiral N,N′-dioxide/Yb(OTf)3complex. Excellent enantioselectivities (up to 96 % ee) and high yields (up to 99 %) were obtained for a broad range of substrates under mild reaction conditions. This method provided a facile approach to the antidepressant drug (R)-(?)-Thiazesim.
- Wang, Guojin,Tang, Yu,Zhang, Yu,Liu, Xiaohua,Lin, Lili,Feng, Xiaoming
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supporting information
p. 554 - 557
(2017/01/18)
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- Carbene-catalyzed LUMO activation of alkyne esters for access to functional pyridines
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A carbene-catalyzed LUMO activation of α,β-unsaturated alkyne esters is reported. This catalytic process allows for effective reactions of alkyne esters with enamides to synthesize functional pyridines via simple protocols. A previously unexplored unsaturated alkyne acyl azolium intermediate is involved in the key step of the reaction.
- Mou, Chengli,Wu, Jichang,Huang, Zhijian,Sun, Jun,Jin, Zhichao,Chi, Yonggui Robin
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p. 13359 - 13362
(2017/12/26)
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- Polystyrene supported palladium nanoparticles catalyzed cinnamic acid synthesis using maleic anhydride as a substitute for acrylic acid
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Maleic anhydride was explored as a substitute for acrylic acid to synthesize cinnamic acids from aryl halides under heterogeneous palladium catalyzed conditions. The combined role of surface and impregnated catalyst together performed an upright engineering to hold in situ generated molecules on the surface and subsequently facilitate their interaction for the desired product synthesis. Overall, a surface mediated approach for cinnamic acid synthesis from maleic anhydride following a major unexplored pathway through catalyst promoted decarboxylation was critically investigated.
- Thakur, Vandna,Kumar, Sandeep,Das, Pralay
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p. 3692 - 3697
(2017/09/07)
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- An Efficient Iron(III)-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Aldehydes in Water for the Green Preparation of Carboxylic Acids
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The first example of a heterogeneous iron(III)-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of aldehydes in water was developed. This method utilizes 1 atmosphere of oxygen as the sole oxidant, proceeds under extremely mild aqueous conditions, and covers a wide range of various functionalized aldehydes. Chromatography is generally not necessary for product purification. Its operational simplicity, gram-scale oxidation, and the ability to successively reuse the catalyst, make this new methodology environmentally benign and cost effective. The generality of this methodology gives it the potential to be used on an industrial scale.
- Yu, Han,Ru, Shi,Dai, Guoyong,Zhai, Yongyan,Lin, Hualin,Han, Sheng,Wei, Yongge
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p. 3867 - 3871
(2017/03/27)
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- Carboxylation of styrenes with CBr4 and DMSO via cooperative photoredox and cobalt catalysis
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Cooperative photoredox and cobalt catalyzed carboxylation of styrenes with CBr4 to afford the corresponding α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids has been realized through radical addition and Kornblum (DMSO) oxidation. DMSO serves as the oxidant, oxygen source and solvent under these photocatalytic conditions.
- Song, Cai-Xia,Chen, Ping,Tang, Yu
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p. 11233 - 11243
(2017/02/26)
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- Developing piperlongumine-directed glutathione S-transferase inhibitors by an electrophilicity-based strategy
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We report a case of successful design of glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitors via a natural product-inspired and electrophilicity-based strategy. Based on this strategy, a novel piperlongumine analog (PL-13) bearing a para-trifluoromethyl group and an α-chlorine on its aromatic and lactam rings, respectively, surfaced as a promising GST inhibitor, thereby overcoming cisplatin resistance in lung cancer A549 cells.
- Wang, Hai-Bo,Jin, Xiao-Ling,Zheng, Jia-Fang,Wang, Fu,Dai, Fang,Zhou, Bo
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p. 517 - 525
(2016/12/09)
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- Development of sulfonamides incorporating phenylacrylamido functionalities as carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, IX and XII inhibitors
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A series of novel sulfonamides incorporating phenylacrylamido functionalities were synthesized and investigated for the inhibition of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1). The physiologically and pharmacologically relevant human (h) isoforms hCA I and II (cytosolic isozymes), as well as the transmembrane tumor-associated hCA IX and XII were included in the study. These compounds showed low nanomolar or sub-nanomolar inhibition constants against hCA II (KIs in the range of 0.50–50.5 nM), hCA IX (KIs of 1.8–228.5 nM), and hCA XII (KIs of 3.5–96.2 nM) being less effective as inhibitors of the off target isoform hCA I. A detailed structure–activity relationship study demonstrates that the nature and position of substituents present on the aromatic part of the scaffold strongly influence the inhibition of CA isoforms. As hCA II, IX and XII are involved in pathologies such as glaucoma and hypoxic, and metastatic tumors, compounds of the type reported in this work may be useful preclinical candidates.
- Angapelly, Srinivas,Ramya, P.V. Sri,Angeli, Andrea,Del Prete, Sonia,Capasso, Clemente,Arifuddin, Mohammed,Supuran, Claudiu T.
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p. 5726 - 5732
(2017/10/09)
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- Synthesis and evaluation of thiochroman-4-one derivatives as potential leishmanicidal agents
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The S-containing heterocyclic compounds benzothiopyrans or thiochromones stand out as having promising biological activities due to their structural relationship with chromones (benzopyrans), which are widely known as privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. In this work, we report the synthesis of 35 thiochromone derivatives and the in vitro antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities. Compounds were tested against intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania panamensis and cytotoxic activity against human monocytes (U-937 ATCC CRL-1593.2). Compounds bearing a vinyl sulfone moiety, 4h, 4i, 4j, 4k, 4l and 4m, displayed the highest antileishmanial activity, with EC50 values lower than 10 μM and an index of selectivity over 100 for compounds 4j and 4l. When the double bond or the sulfone moiety was removed, the activity decreased. Our results show that thiochromones bearing a vinyl sulfone moiety are endowed with high antileishmanial activity and low cytotoxicity.
- Vargas, Esteban,Echeverri, Fernando,Vélez, Iván D.,Robledo, Sara M.,Qui?ones, Wiston
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- Design, synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of novel imatinib amide derivatives that target Abl kinase
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Novel imatinib amide derivatives (a1-28, b1-9) were synthesized and evaluated for their biological activities. All compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, MS and elemental analysis. Among all the derivatives, compounds a4, a10, a21, b1 and b2 displayed the most significant ability of inhibiting K562 cell proliferation with the IC50 values of 0.67, 0.66, 0.65, 0.59 and 0.62 μM, respectively, indicating that these compounds were potent inhibitors of Bcr-Abl in leukemic K562 cells, comparable to the reference compound imatinib. Molecular docking study was performed to position compounds a21 and b1 into the active site of Abl to determine the probable binding modes
- Yao, Ri-Sheng,Guan, Qiu-Xiang,Lu, Xiao-Qin,Ruan, Ban-Feng
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- Base-promoted new C-C bond formation: An expedient route for the preparation of thiazolo- and imidazolo-pyridinones via Michael addition
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Base-catalyzed one-pot cyclocondensation reactions of acryloyl and cinnamoyl chlorides with β-nitroenamine derivatives have been performed under mild conditions and target 7-substituted thiazolo-[3,2-a] or imidazolo-[1,2-a]pyridin-5-one derivatives were prepared successfully in moderate to good yields. The cyclization reactions may proceed via Michael addition followed by iminoketene-amide tautomerization in view of the products formed.
- Yildirim, Muhammet,C?elikel, Derya,Evis, Naciye,Knight, David W.,Kariuki, Benson M.
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p. 5674 - 5681
(2015/03/30)
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- Cu/Fe-Cocatalyzed Formation of β-Ketophosphonates by a Domino Knoevenagel-Decarboxylation-Oxyphosphorylation Sequence from Aromatic Aldehydes and H-Phosphonates
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A domino Knoevenagel-decarboxylation-alkene difunctionalization sequence has been developed for the conversion of benzaldehydes into β-ketophosphonates, catalyzed by a cooperative Cu/Fe system, whereby CP and CO bonds are formed simultaneously in a one-pot reaction. The reaction proceeds in good yields and with a broad substrate scope and environmentally benign conditions.
- Zhou, Mingxin,Zhou, Yao,Song, Qiuling
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supporting information
p. 10654 - 10658
(2015/07/20)
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- Recyclable Hypervalent-Iodine-Mediated Dehydrogenative α,β′-Bifunctionalization of β-Keto Esters under Metal-Free Conditions
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We have developed a method for recyclable hypervalent-iodine-mediated direct dehydrogenative α,β′- bifunctionalization of β-ketoesters and β-diketones under metal-free conditions, which affords a straightforward way to synthesize benzo-fused 2,3-dihydrofurans. This efficient, mild method, which has a wide substrate scope and good functional-group tolerance, was used for the multistep synthesis of the protected aglycone of a naturally occurring phenolic glycoside. A mechanism involving Michael addition to an enone intermediate and subsequent oxidative cyclization is proposed.
- Duan, Ya-Nan,Cui, Li-Qian,Zuo, Lin-Hong,Zhang, Chi
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supporting information
p. 13052 - 13057
(2015/09/07)
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- Supported Palladium Nanoparticle-Catalyzed Carboxylation of Aryl Halides, Alkenylsilanes, and Organoboronic Acids Employing Oxalic Acid as the C1 Source
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Polystyrene-supported palladium(0) (Pd@PS) nanoparticles as a heterogeneous catalyst have been developed for caboxylation of aryl halides, alkenylsilanes, and organoboronic acids to produce the corresponding carboxylic acids with minor quantities of corresponding aldehydes using bench-stable and inexpensive oxalic acid as the C1 source under focused microwave irradiation. The close vicinity of oxalic acid to Pd@PS maintained through ionic bonding helped to produce CO2 over the catalytic surface that concurrently participated in the carboxylation reaction.
- Shil, Arun K.,Kumar, Sandeep,Reddy, C. Bal,Dadhwal, Sumit,Thakur, Vandna,Das, Pralay
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supporting information
p. 5352 - 5355
(2015/11/18)
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- Benzo[d]imidazole transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 antagonists for the treatment of pain: Discovery of trans-2-(2-{2-[2-(4-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl}-phenyl)-propan-2-ol (Mavatrep)
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Reported herein is the design, synthesis, and pharmacologic characterization of a class of TRPV1 antagonists constructed on a benzo[d]imidazole platform that evolved from a biaryl amide lead. This design composes three sections: a 2-substituted 5-phenyl headgroup attached to the benzo[d]imidazole platform, which is tethered at the two position to a phenyl tail group. Optimization of this design led to the identification of 4 (mavatrep), comprising a trifluoromethyl-phenyl-vinyl tail. In a TRPV1 functional assay, using cells expressing recombinant human TRPV1 channels, 4 antagonized capsaicin-induced Ca2+ influx, with an IC50 value of 4.6 nM. In the complete Freund's adjuvant- and carrageenan-induced thermal hypersensitivity models, 4 exhibited full efficacy, with ED80 values of 7.8 and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively, corresponding to plasma levels of 270.8 and 9.2 ng/mL, respectively. On the basis of its superior pharmacologic and safety profile, 4 (mavatrep) was selected for clinical development for the treatment of pain.
- Parsons, William H.,Calvo, Raul R.,Cheung, Wing,Lee, Yu-Kai,Patel, Sharmila,Liu, Jian,Youngman, Mark A.,Dax, Scott L.,Stone, Dennis,Qin, Ning,Hutchinson, Tasha,Lubin, Mary Lou,Zhang, Sui-Po,Finley, Michael,Liu, Yi,Brandt, Michael R.,Flores, Christopher M.,Player, Mark R.
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p. 3859 - 3874
(2015/05/27)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)cinnamamide derivatives as novel potential anti-tumor agents
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In this study, a series of novel N-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)cinnamamide derivatives (7a-8n) were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-proliferative activities in vitro by MTT assay and a possible antitumor mechanism was also explored. SAR analysis showed that steric effects played an important role on the anti-tumor activity. The most potent analogue 8f showed excellent inhibitions on the K562, Bel7402, A549 and Jurkat cells ranging from sub-micromolar to nanomolar concentration. Compound 8f inhibited Jurkat cells with an IC50 value of 0.035 μM with no apparent toxicity in different non-cancerous cells. Furthermore, it was suggested that the possible mechanism of 8f might be associated with inducing cancer cell apoptosis following flow cytometer analysis and Hoechst 33358 staining assays.
- Luo, Yong,Zhu, Yongxia,Ran, Kai,Liu, Zhihao,Wang, Ningyu,Feng, Qiang,Zeng, Jun,Zhang, Lidan,He, Bing,Ye, Tinghong,Zhu, Shirui,Qiu, Xiaolong,Yu, Luoting
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supporting information
p. 1036 - 1042
(2015/06/25)
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- Synthesis of Piperlongumine Analogues and Discovery of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Activators as Potential Neuroprotective Agents
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The cellular antioxidant system plays key roles in blocking or retarding the pathogenesis of adult neurodegenerative disorders as elevated oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of such diseases. Molecules with the ability in enhancing the antioxidant defense thus are promising candidates as neuroprotective agents. We reported herein the synthesis of piperlongumine analogues and evaluation of their cytoprotection against hydrogen peroxide- and 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal cell oxidative damage in the neuron-like PC12 cells. The structure-activity relationship was delineated after the cytotoxicity and protection screening. Two compounds (4 and 5) displayed low cytotoxicity and confer potent protection of PC12 cells from the oxidative injury via upregulation of a panel of cellular antioxidant molecules. Genetically silencing the transcription factor Nrf2, a master regulator of the cellular stress responses, suppresses the cytoprotection, indicating the critical involvement of Nrf2 for the cellular action of compounds 4 and 5 in PC12 cells.
- Peng, Shoujiao,Zhang, Baoxin,Meng, Xianke,Yao, Juan,Fang, Jianguo
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p. 5242 - 5255
(2015/08/03)
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- Unravelling the structural and molecular basis responsible for the anti-biofilm activity of zosteric acid
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The natural compound zosteric acid, or p-(sulfoxy)cinnamic acid (ZA), is proposed as an alternative biocide-free agent suitable for preventive or integrative anti-biofilm approaches. Despite its potential, the lack of information concerning the structural and molecular mechanism of action involved in its anti-biofilm activity has limited efforts to generate more potent anti-biofilm strategies. In this study a 43-member library of small molecules based on ZA scaffold diversity was designed and screened against Escherichia coli to understand the structural requirements necessary for biofilm inhibition at sub-lethal concentrations. Considerations concerning the relationship between structure and anti-biofilm activity revealed that i) the para-sulfoxy ester group is not needed to exploit the anti-biofilm activity of the molecule, it is the cinnamic acid scaffold that is responsible for anti-biofilm performance; ii) the anti-biofilm activity of ZA derivatives depends on the presence of a carboxylate anion and, consequently, on its hydrogen-donating ability; iii) the conjugated aromatic system is instrumental to the anti-biofilm activities of ZA and its analogues. Using a protein pull-down approach, combined with mass spectrometry, the herein-defined active structure of ZA was matrix-immobilized, and was proved to interact with the E. coli NADH:quinone reductase, WrbA, suggesting a possible role of this protein in the biofilm formation process.
- Cattò, Cristina,Dell'Orto, Silvia,Villa, Federica,Villa, Stefania,Gelain, Arianna,Vitali, Alberto,Marzano, Valeria,Baroni, Sara,Forlani, Fabio,Cappitelli, Francesca
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- 17a-HYDROXYLASE/C17,20-LYASE INHIBITORS
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The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, A and n are as defined herein. A deuteriated derivative of the compound of Formula (I) is also provided.
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Paragraph 0542
(2014/03/21)
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- An isothiourea-catalyzed asymmetric [2,3]-rearrangement of allylic ammonium ylides
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Benzotetramisole promotes the catalytic asymmetric [2,3]-rearrangement of allylic quaternary ammonium salts (either isolated or prepared in situ from p-nitrophenyl bromoacetate and the corresponding allylic amine), generating syn-α-amino acid derivatives with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity (up to >95:5 dr; up to >99% ee).
- West, Thomas H.,Daniels, David S. B.,Slawin, Alexandra M. Z.,Smith, Andrew D.
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supporting information
p. 4476 - 4479
(2014/04/17)
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- Synthesis of substituted nitroolefins: A copper catalyzed nitrodecarboxylation of unsaturated carboxylic acids
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A novel, mild and convenient method for the nitrodecarboxylation of substituted cinnamic acid derivatives to their nitroolefins is achieved using a catalytic amount of CuCl (10 mol%) and tert-butyl nitrite (2 equiv.) as a nitrating agent in the presence of air. This reaction provides a useful method for the synthesis of β,β-disubstituted nitroolefin derivatives, which are generally difficult to access from other conventional methods. Additionally, this reaction is selective as the E-isomer of the acid derivatives furnishes the corresponding E-nitroolefins. One more salient feature of the method is, unlike other methods, no metal nitrates or HNO3 are employed for the transformation.
- Rokade, Balaji V.,Prabhu, Kandikere Ramaiah
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supporting information
p. 6713 - 6716
(2013/10/01)
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- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of cinnamic acyl shikonin derivatives
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Inducing apoptosis is an important and promising therapeutic approach to overcome cancer. Here, we described a series of novel synthesized compounds, cinnamic acyl shikonin derivatives (1b-19b), which were synthesized starting from shikonin and cinnamic acids, which exhibit anticancer activity via inducing apoptosis in vitro. Our flow cytometry results showed that compound 8b((E)-1-(5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)-4-methylpent -3-enyl-3-(3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)acrylate) (IC50=0.69, 0.65, 1.62 μm for human SW872-s, A875 and A549 cell lines, respectively) exhibited conspicuous anticancer activities and has low cell toxicity in vitro. Therefore, we considered that compound 8b is potentially to be a candidate of anticancer agent. The proliferation inhibitory effect of compound 8b was associated with its apoptosis-inducing effect by activating caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-9, and PARP. When the level of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-7, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved PARP are rise, apoptosis of cancer cells will be induced.
- Lin, Hong-Yan,Chen, Wei,Shi, Jing,Kong, Wen-Yao,Qi, Jin-Liang,Wang, Xiao-Ming,Yang, Yong-Hua
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p. 275 - 283
(2013/03/13)
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