- Structure - Activity relationship study of betulinic acid, a novel and selective TGR5 agonist, and its synthetic derivatives: Potential impact in diabetes
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We describe here the biological screening of a collection of natural occurring triterpenoids against the G protein-coupled receptor TGR5, known to be activated by bile acids and which mediates some important cell functions. This work revealed that betulinic (1), oleanolic (2), and ursolic acid (3) exhibited TGR5 agonist activity in a selective manner compared to bile acids, which also activated FXR, the nuclear bile acid receptor. The most potent natural triterpenoid betulinic acid was chosen as a reference compound for an SAR study. Hemisyntheses were performed on the betulinic acid scaffold, and we focused on structural modifications of the C-3 alcohol, the C-17 carboxylic acid, and the C-20 alkene. In particular, structural variations around the C-3 position gave rise to major improvements of potency exemplified with derivatives 18 dia 2 (RG-239) and 19 dia 2. The best derivative was tested in vitro and in vivo, and its biological profile is discussed.
- Genet, Cédric,Strehle, Axelle,Schmidt, Céline,Boudjelal, Geoffrey,Lobstein, Annelise,Schoonjans, Kristina,Souchet, Michel,Auwerx, Johan,Saladin, Régis,Wagner, Alain
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- Effect of betulinic acid and its ionic derivatives on M-MuLV replication
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Murine leukemia virus (MuLV) is a retrovirus known causing leukemia and neurological disorders in mice, and its viral life cycle and pathogenesis have been investigated extensively over the past decades. As a natural antiviral agent, betulinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that can be found in the bark of several species of plants (particularly the white birch). One of the hurdles for betulinic acid to release its antiviral potency is its poor water solubility. In this study, we synthesized more water-soluble ionic derivatives of betulinic acid, and examined their activities against Moloney MuLV (M-MuLV). The mouse fibroblast cells stably infected with M-MuLV, 43D cells, were treated with various doses of betulinic acids and its derivatives, and the viral structural protein Gag in cells and media were detected by western blots. Two ionic derivatives containing the benzalkonium cation were found to inhibit the virus production into media and decreased Gag in cells. However, a cell proliferation assay showed that the benzalkonium cation inhibited the growth of 43D cells, suggesting that our ionic derivatives limited virus production through the inhibition of metabolism in 43D cells. Interestingly, all of these betulinic acid compounds exhibited a minimum impact on the processing and release of Gag from 43D cells, which outlines the differences of viral maturation between MuLV and human immunodeficiency virus.
- Phillips, Jasmine,Phillips, Iesha,Enya, Blessing,Zhao, Hua,Nitta, Takayuki
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- Preparation of amino acid conjugates of betulinic acid with activity against human melanoma
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Betulinic acid has been coupled with a series of amino acids at C-28 carboxylic acid position and the toxicity of the derivatives has been evaluated against cultured human melanoma (MEL-2) and human epidermoid carcinoma of the mouth (KB) cell lines. A number of amino acid conjugates of betulinic acid showed improved water solubility as well as selective cytotoxicity. This investigation demonstrates that amino acid conjugates of betulinic acid can produce potentially important derivatives, which may be developed as antitumor agents.
- Jeong, Hyeh-Jean,Chai, Hee-Byung,Park, So-Young,Kim, Darrick S. H. L.
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- Triterpenoid Hydroxamates as HIF Prolyl Hydrolase Inhibitors
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Pentacyclic triterpenoid acids (PCTTAs) are pleiotropic agents that target many macromolecular end-points with low to moderate affinity. To explore the biological space associated with PCTTAs, we have investigated the carboxylate-to-hydroxamate transformation, discovering that it de-emphasizes affinity for the transcription factors targeted by the natural compounds (NF-κB, STAT3, Nrf2, TGR5) and selectively induces inhibitory activity on HIF prolyl hydrolases (PHDs). Activity was reversible, isoform-selective, dependent on the hydroxamate location, and negligible when this group was replaced by other chelating elements or O-alkylated. The hydroxamate of betulinic acid (5b) was selected for further studies, and evaluation of its effect on HIF-1α expression under normal and hypoxic conditions qualified it as a promising lead structure for the discovery of new candidates in the realm of neuroprotection.
- Minassi, Alberto,Rogati, Federica,Cruz, Cristina,Prados, M. Eugenia,Galera, Nuria,Jinénez, Carla,Appendino, Giovanni,Bellido, M. Luz,Calzado, Marco A,Caprioglio, Diego,Mu?oz, Eduardo
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p. 2235 - 2243
(2018/10/20)
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- Derivatives of 3-O-(3',3'-dimethylsuccinyl)-betulinic acid
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The present invention relates to compounds of the following formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a stereoisomer or a mixture of stereoisomers in any proportion, in particular a mixture of enantiomers, and particularly a racemate mixture, in which R represents a (C1-C10)alkyl group substituted with one or more, preferably one or two, groups chosen from COOH and NHR1, with R1 representing a hydrogen atom or a -Alk, -C(O)-Alk or -C(O)O-Alk group, Alk representing a (C1-C6)alkyl group, as well as a method for preparing them, and their use as a medicine, notably for treating an infection with a retrovirus such as HIV.
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of a new derivative of bevirimat that targets the Gag CA-SP1 cleavage site
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Bevirimat (2), the first-in-class HIV-1 maturation inhibitor, shows a low efficacy due essentially to the natural polymorphism of its target, the CA-SP1 junction. Moreover, its low hydrosolubility makes it difficult to study its interaction with the CA-SP1 junction. We have synthesized new derivatives of bevirimat by adding different hydrophilic substituents at the C-28 position to improve their hydrosolubility and perform the structural study of a complex by NMR. Synthesis of the new derivatives, the effect of substituents at the C-28 position and their hydrosolubility are discussed. The ability of these molecules to inhibit viral infection and their cytotoxicity is assessed. Compared to the well-known bevirimat (2), one of our compounds (16) shows a higher hydrosolubility associated with a 2.5 fold increase in activity, a higher selectivity index and a better antiviral profile. Moreover, for the first time a direct interaction between a derivative of bevirimat (16) and the domain CA-SP1-NC is shown by NMR. Information from this study should allow us to decipher the mechanism by which bevirimat inhibits HIV-1 maturation and how the natural polymorphism of the spacer peptide SP1 triggers resistance to inhibitors.
- Coric, Pascale,Turcaud, Serge,Souquet, Florence,Briant, Laurence,Gay, Bernard,Royer, Jacques,Chazal, Nathalie,Bouaziz, Serge
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p. 453 - 465
(2013/06/26)
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- Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of bi-functional betulinic acid derivatives
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Betulinic acid (BA) derivatives with a side chain at C-3 can inhibit HIV-1 maturation. On the other hand, BA derivatives with a side chain at C-28 can block HIV-1 entry. In order to combine the anti-maturation and anti-entry activities in a single molecul
- Huang, Li,Ho, Phong,Lee, Kuo-Hsiung,Chen, Chin-Ho
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p. 2279 - 2289
(2007/10/03)
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- Betulinic acid derivatives: A new class of specific inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 entry
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A novel series of ω-aminoalkanoic acid derivatives of betulinic acid were synthesized and evaluated for their activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The anti-HIV-1 activity of several members of this new series was found to be in the nanomolar range in CEM 4 and MT-4 cell cultures. The optimization of the ω-aminoalkanoic acid side chain is described. The presence of an amide function within the side chain was found important for optimal activity. RPR 103611 (14g), a statine derivative, was found to be inactive against HIV-1 protease, reverse transcriptase, and integrase as well as on gp120/CD4 binding. 'Time of addition' experiments suggested interaction with an early step of HIV-1 replication. As syncytium formation, but not virus-cell binding, seems to be affected, betulinic acid derivatives are assumed to interact with the postbinding virus-cell fusion process.
- Soler, Fran?oise,Poujade, Christèle,Evers, Michel,Carry, Jean-Christophe,Hénin, Yvette,Bousseau, Anne,Huet, Thierry,Pauwels, Rudi,De Clercq, Erik,Mayaux, Jean-Fran?ois,Le Pecq, Jean-Bernard,Dereu, Norbert
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p. 1069 - 1083
(2007/10/03)
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