- Primary amino acid derivatives: Compounds with anticonvulsant and neuropathic pain protection activities
-
Pharmacological management remains the primary method to treat epilepsy and neuropathic pain. We have advanced a novel class of anticonvulsants termed functionalized amino acids (FAAs). In this study, we examine FAA derivatives from which the terminal acetyl moiety was removed and termed these compounds primary amino acid derivatives (PAADs). Twenty-seven PAADs were prepared; the central C(2) R-substituent was varied, including C(2) stereochemistry, and the compounds were tested in rodent models of seizures and neuropathic pain. C(2)-Hydrocarbon N-benzylamide PAADs were potent anticonvulsants and excellent anticonvulsant activity (mice, ip; rat, po) was observed for C(2) R-substituted PAADs in which the R group was ethyl, isopropyl, or tert-butyl, and the C(2) stereochemistry conformed to the d-amino acid configuration ((R)-stereoisomer). These values surpassed the activities of several clinical antiepileptic drugs. The C(2) (R)-ethyl and C(2) (R)-isopropyl PAADs also displayed excellent activities in the mouse (ip) formalin neuropathic pain model. Significantly, unlike the FAA structure-activity relationship, PAAD anticonvulsant activity increased upon substitution of a methylene unit for a heteroatom in the R-substituent that was one atom removed from the C(2) site, suggesting that these PAADs function by a different pathway than FAAs.
- King, Amber M.,Salomé, Christophe,Dinsmore, Jason,Salomé-Grosjean, Elise,De Ryck, Marc,Kaminski, Rafal,Valade, Anne,Kohn, Harold
-
supporting information; experimental part
p. 4815 - 4830
(2011/10/01)
-
- Preparation of hydantoins by catalytic oxidative carbonylation of α-amino amides
-
(Chemical Equation Presented) Hydantoins can be synthesized from the corresponding amino amides employing oxidative catalytic carbonylation using W(CO)6 as the catalyst, I2 as the oxidant,COas the carbonyl source, andDBUas base. Secondary amides afford the hydantoins in good to excellent yields, which decrease as the steric bulk of the N-alkyl substituent increases. 2009 American Chemical Society.
- Dumbris, Seth M.,Diaz, Delmy J.,McElwee-White, Lisa
-
scheme or table
p. 8862 - 8865
(2010/03/02)
-
- Lacosamide isothiocyanate-based agents: Novel agents to target and identify lacosamide receptors
-
(R)-Lacosamide ((R)-2, (R)-N-benzyl 2-acetamido-3-methoxypropionamide) has recently gained regulatory approval for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in adults.Whole animal pharmacological studies have documented that (R)-2 function is unique. A robust strategy is advanced for the discovery of interacting proteins associated with function and toxicity of (R)-2 through the use of (R)-2 analogues, 3, which contain "affinity bait (AB)" and "chemical reporter (CR)" functional groups. In 3, covalent modification of the interacting proteins proceeds at the AB moiety, and detection or isolation of the selectively captured protein occurs through the bioorthogonal CR group upon reaction with an appropriate probe. We report the synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and interrogation of the mouse soluble brain proteome using 3 where the AB group is an isothiocyanate moiety. One compound, (R)-N-(4-isothiocyanato)benzyl 2-acetamido-3-(prop-2-ynyloxy) propionamide ((R)-9), exhibited excellent seizure protection in mice, and like (R)-2, anticonvulsant activity principally resided in the (R)-stereoisomer. Several proteins were preferentially labeled by (R)-9 compared with (S)-9, including collapsin response mediator protein 2. 2009 American Chemical Society.
- Ki, Duk Park,Morieux, Pierre,Salomé, Christophe,Cotten, Steven W.,Reamtong, Onrapak,Eyers, Claire,Gaskell, Simon J.,Stables, James P.,Liu, Rihe,Kohn, Harold
-
supporting information; experimental part
p. 6897 - 6911
(2010/04/24)
-
- Design and evaluation of affinity labels of functionalized amino acid anticonvulsants
-
Studies have shown that functionalized amino acids (FAA) exhibit outstanding activity in the maximal electroshock-induced seizure (MES) test in rodents. Affinity labels patterned in part after the potent antiepileptic (R)-N-benzyl-2-acetamido-3-methoxypropionamide ((R)-2) have been prepared as mechanistic probes to learn the pharmacological basis for FAA function. The chemical reactivity of the affinity labels with nucleophiles was assessed, and the labels were evaluated in in vitro radioligand assays and in the MES tests in rodents. The affinity labels did not bind to receptors known to effect seizure spread. Three affinity labels, (R,S)-N-benzyl-2-acetamido-6-isothiocyanatohexanamide ((R,S)-5), (R)-N-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-2-acetamido-3-methoxypropionamide ((R)-6), and (R)-N-(3-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-2-acetamido-3-methoxy-propionamide ((R)-7), possessed excellent in vivo anticonvulsant activity and exhibited maximal activity at later time periods than typically observed for FAA. The anticonvulsant activity of 6 and 7 resided primarily in the (R)-enantiomer and the activity of (R)-6 and (R)-7 in rats (po) exceeded that of phenytoin. The chemical properties, pharmacological profile, and marked stereospecificity associated with 6 and 7 anticonvulsant activity make these compounds useful pharmacological tools for the study of the mode of action of FAA.
- LeTiran, Arnaud,Stables, James P.,Kohn, Harold
-
p. 4762 - 4773
(2007/10/03)
-
- Reaction of Trimethylsilylamines with N-Cbz-L-Serine-β-Lactone: A Convenient Route to Optically Pure β-Amino-L-alanine Derivatives
-
Trimethylsilylamines, Me3Si-NR2, react with N-Cbz-L-serine-β-lactone in acetonitrile primarily by alkyl oxygen cleavage of the lactone ring to give optically pure N-Cbz-β-amino-L-alanine derivatives in good yields.Use of halogenated sovents such as chloro
- Ratemi, Elaref S.,Vederas, John C.
-
p. 7605 - 7608
(2007/10/02)
-