- PYRROLO-PYRIDINE, PYRROLO-PYRIMIDINE AND RELATED HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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Pyrrolo-pyridine, pyrrolo-pyrimidine and related heterocyclic compounds analogues of the formula: wherein R, R2, R5, E, Z1, Z3, Z4, and Ar are defined herein. Such compounds are ligands of C5a receptors. Preferred pyrrolo-pyridine, pyrrolo-pyrimidine and related heterocyclic compounds of the invention bind to C5a receptors with high affinity and exhibit neutral antagonist or inverse agonist activity at C5a receptors. The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and to the use of such compounds in treating a variety of inflammatory, cardiovascular, and immune system disorders. In addition, the present invention provides labeled pyrrolo-pyridine, pyrrolo-pyrimidine and related heterocyclic compounds, which are useful as probes for the localization of C5a receptors.
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Page/Page column 47-48
(2010/11/08)
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- Orthoamides, LIX [1]. Formyl-aalen [tris(diformylamino)methane] - A new formylating reagent for activated aromatic compounds
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In the presence of strong Lewis acids such as aluminum chloride or boron trichloride, formyl-aalen [tris(diformylamino)methane] (3) acts as a formylating reagent for aromatic alkane compounds and aromatic ethers. The orthoamide 3 delivers three formyl groups for the formylation process. Thus toluene, cumene, tert-butylbenzene, hexylbenzene, o-xylene, p-cymene, biphenyl, anisole, diphenylether and 1,3-dimethoxybenzene can be formylated in 1,2-dichloroethane. In these reactions, 3 and aluminum chloride should be used in a molar ratio of 1:6 to 1:9.
- Kantlehner, Willi,Haug, Erwin,Scherr, Oliver,Ziegler, Georg
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p. 1295 - 1304
(2007/10/03)
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- New formylating agents - Preparative procedures and mechanistic investigations
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The reactivity of new formylating agents related to formamide has been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The reaction in 1,2-dichloroethane between tris(diformylamino)methane (2) and several arenes, catalyzed by AlCl3 or BCl3, was shown to proceed in good yields to afford the corresponding para-substituted aldehydes. The nature of the active electrophilic species was also investigated theoretically. Thus, the relative stability of the O- and N-protonated forms, as well as those of AlCl3 adducts, of several formylating agents - diformamide, triformamide, N,N,N′,N′-tetraformylhydrazine, and tris(diformylamino)methane - were determined in the gas phase and in water or DCE by means of DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level, the solvents being modeled with the IPCM method. The amide oxygen atom in all cases appeared to be the most basic site, both in the Bronsted and Lewis sense, constituting a first step towards the understanding of the mechanism of this reaction.
- Bagno, Alessandro,Kantlehner, Willi,Scherr, Oliver,Vetter, Jens,Ziegler, Georg
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p. 2947 - 2954
(2007/10/03)
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- Orthoamides. LIII. A New Synthesis for Aromatic Aldehydes of Wide Scope
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Diformamide (1) reacts with activated aromatic compounds like toluene, anisole, m-xylene, 1,2-dimethoxybenzene in the presence of AlCl3 to give N-(diarylmethyl)-formamides 2a-d, the corresponding aromatic aldehydes 3-6 are formed as by-products in low yields. From N,N-dimethylaniline and 1/AlCl3 the triphenylmethane derivative 7 can be obtained. The reaction of anisole with N-methyl-diformamide (9) affords the formamide 10. The mixture of formamide, P4O10 and AlCl3 reveals to be a reagent which is capable to formylate toluene and anisole, resp. Triformamide (14)/AlCl3 is an effective formylating system which allows the preparation of aromatic aldehydes (e.g. 3,4,17-32) from the corresponding aromatic hydrocarbons. Aluminiumchloride can be replaced by borontrichloride. The yields of the formylation reactions depend strongly from the reaction conditions (molar ratio: aromatic hydrocarbon/ AlCl3/14; solvent, reaction temperature). The scope of the reaction covers nearly complete those of the Gattermann-Koch-, Gattermann- and Vilsmeier-Haack-reaction.
- Kantlehner, Willi,Vettel, Markus,Gissel, Alexander,Haug, Erwin,Ziegler, Georg,Ciesielski, Michael,Scherr, Oliver,Haas, Richard
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p. 297 - 310
(2007/10/03)
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