- Artificial photosynthesis of methanol from carbon dioxide and water via a Nile red-embedded TiO2 photocathode
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The conversion of carbon dioxide into useful chemicals is a prospective strategy for alleviating the greenhouse effect and the depletion of energy. Herein, we report an artificial photosynthetic system composed of a photoanode and a photocathode comprised of NRx@TiO2 functionalized with Nile red via covalent linkage or Pd/NRx@TiO2 with additional palladium nanoparticles. The new Nile red derivatives and organic-inorganic composite electrodes were steadily prepared and well characterized using NMR, HRMS, UV-vis, FTIR, TEM, XPS, XRD and SEM. Methanol and oxygen were the products that could be detected in the liquid and gas phase. The main active species in this artificial photosynthesis system were proven using EPR spectroscopy to be hydroxy radicals releasing O2 gas via H2O2. Moreover, the carbon source of methanol was validated using a 13CO2 labeling experiment; 18O2 was determined to come from H2O using GC-MS. The optimal photoelectrocatalytic CO2 reduction was carried out using Pd/NR2@TiO2 as the working electrode yielding methanol at a rate of 106 μM h?1 cm?2 with high light quantum efficiency (Φcell = 0.95).
- Jia, Yongjian,Xu, Yanjie,Nie, Rong,Chen, Fengjuan,Zhu, Zhenping,Wang, Jianguo,Jing, Huanwang
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- BODIPY/Nile-Red-Based Efficient FRET Pair: Selective Assay of Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Fluidity
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We synthesized a boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)/Nile Red hybrid probe capable of selectively recognizing fluidity changes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane due to its preferential localization to the ER and strong energy transfer from BODIPY to the Nile Red moiety, emitting only in nonaqueous environments. ER membrane fluidity in HepG2 cells was markedly reduced by a cell model of metabolic syndrome.
- Yang, Zhigang,Wi, Youngjin,Yoon, Young-Min,Verwilst, Peter,Jang, Joo Hee,Kim, Tae Woo,Kang, Chulhun,Kim, Jong Seung
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- Nile Red-Based GPCR Ligands as Ultrasensitive Probes of the Local Lipid Microenvironment of the Receptor
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The local lipid microenvironment of transmembrane receptors is an essential factor in G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. However, tools are currently missing for studying endogenously expressed GPCRs in primary cells and tissues. Here, we introd
- Hanser, Fabien,Marsol, Claire,Valencia, Christel,Villa, Pascal,Klymchenko, Andrey S.,Bonnet, Dominique,Karpenko, Julie
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- Single-molecule studies of diffusion by oligomer-bound dyes in organically modified sol-gel-derived silicate films
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Single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy is used to study dye diffusion within organically modified silicate (ORMOSIL) films. ORMOSIL films are prepared from sols containing tetraethoxysilane and isobutyltrimethoxysilane in 2:1 and 1:9 molar ratios. Nile
- Martin-Brown, Skylar A.,Fu, Yi,Saroja, Ginagunta,Collinson, Maryanne M.,Higgins, Daniel A.
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- Sorption of vapors of aromatic compounds by cross-linked polymer particles containing luminophores: A spectroscopic study
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Monodispersed core-shell particles 290-315 nm in diameter were prepared by seed emulsion copolymerization of styrene with divinylbenzene in the presence of luminophore-containing comonomers. The capability of the particles obtained to sorb toluene vapor was shown by solid-state 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
- Men'shikova,Moskalenko,Gribanov,Shevchenko,Faraonova,Yakimanskii,Goikhman,Loretsyan,Koshkin,Alfimov
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- Highly Functionalized β-Cyclodextrins by Solid-Supported Synthesis
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Using covalent capture, a high yielding selective mono-functionalization of heptakis-[6-deoxy-6-(2-aminoethylsulfanyl)]-β-CD with a 5-mercaptopentyl functional group has been achieved. Here, we demonstrate the immobilization of the mono-thiol functionaliz
- Vurgun, Nesrin,Nitz, Mark
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- Synthesis and optical properties of covalently bound Nile Red in mesoporous silica hybrids-comparison of dye distribution of materials prepared by facile grafting and by co-condensation routes
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The fluorescence dye Nile Red (NR) can be covalently ligated to hexagonally ordered, mesoporous silica materials (MCM-41) via co-condensation and post grafting routes in order to investigate possible differences in the dye distributions. The obtained hybr
- B?rgardts, Markus,Verlinden, Kathrin,Neidhardt, Manuel,W?hrle, Tobias,Herbst, Annika,Laschat, Sabine,Janiak, Christoph,Müller, Thomas J. J.
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- Switchable nile red-based probe for cholesterol and lipid order at the outer leaflet of biomembranes
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Cholesterol and sphingomyelin form together a highly ordered membrane phase, which is believed to play important biological functions in plasma membranes of mammalian cells. Since sphingomyelin is present mainly at the outer leaflet of cell membranes, monitoring its lipid order requires molecular probes capable to bind specifically at this leaflet and exhibit negligibly slow flip-flop. In the present work, such a probe was developed by modifying the solvatochromic fluorescent dye Nile Red with an amphiphilic anchor group. To evaluate the flip-flop of the obtained probe (NR12S), we developed a methodology of reversible redox switching of its fluorescence at one leaflet using sodium dithionite. This method shows that NR12S, in contrast to parent Nile Red, binds exclusively the outer membrane leaflet of model lipid vesicles and living cells with negligible flip-flop in the time scale of hours. Moreover, the emission maximum of NR12S in model vesicles exhibits a significant blue shift in liquid ordered phase (sphingomyelin-cholesterol) as compared to liquid disordered phase (unsaturated phospholipids). As a consequence, these two phases could be clearly distinguished in NR12S-stained giant vesicles by fluorescence microscopy imaging of intensity ratio between the blue and red parts of the probe emission spectrum. Being added to living cells, NR12S binds predominantly, if not exclusively, their plasma membranes and shows an emission spectrum intermediate between those in liquid ordered and disordered phases of model membranes. Importantly, the emission color of NR12S correlates well with the cholesterol content in cell membranes, which allows monitoring the cholesterol depletion process with methyl-β-cyclodextrin by fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy. The attractive photophysical and switching properties of NR12S, together with its selective outer leaflet staining and sensitivity to cholesterol and lipid order, make it a new powerful tool for studying model and cell membranes.
- Kucherak, Oleksandr A.,Oncul, Sule,Darwich, Zeinab,Yushchenko, Dmytro A.,Arntz, Youri,Didier, Pascal,Mely, Yves,Klymchenko, Andrey S.
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- A Nile Red/BODIPY-based bimodal probe sensitive to changes in the micropolarity and microviscosity of the endoplasmic reticulum
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We herein report a fluorescent bimodal probe (1) capable of determining ER viscosity and polarity changes using FLIM and fluorescence ratiometry, respectively; during ER stress caused by tunicamycin, the viscosity was increased from ca. 129.5 to 182.0 cP
- Yang, Zhigang,He, Yanxia,Lee, Jae Hong,Chae, Weon-Sik,Ren, Wen Xiu,Lee, Joung Hae,Kang, Chulhun,Kim, Jong Seung
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- Simultaneous in situ quantification of two cellular lipid pools using orthogonal fluorescent sensors
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Lipids regulate a wide range of biological activities. Since their local concentrations are tightly controlled in a spatiotemporally specific manner, the simultaneous quantification of multiple lipids is essential for elucidation of the complex mechanisms of biological regulation. Here, we report a new method for the simultaneous in situ quantification of two lipid pools in mammalian cells using orthogonal fluorescent sensors. The sensors were prepared by incorporating two environmentally sensitive fluorophores with minimal spectral overlap separately into engineered lipid-binding proteins. Dual ratiometric analysis of imaging data allowed accurate, spatiotemporally resolved quantification of two different lipids on the same leaflet of the plasma membrane or a single lipid on two opposite leaflets of the plasma membrane of live mammalian cells. This new imaging technology should serve as a powerful tool for systems-level investigation of lipid-mediated cell signaling and regulation.
- Liu, Shu-Lin,Sheng, Ren,O'Connor, Matthew J.,Cui, Yang,Yoon, Youngdae,Kurilova, Svetlana,Lee, Daesung,Cho, Wonhwa
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- Synthesis and characterization of bichromophoric 1-deoxyceramides as FRET probes
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The suitability as FRET probes of two bichromophoric 1-deoxydihydroceramides containing a labelled spisulosine derivative as a sphingoid base and two differently ω-labelled fluorescent palmitic acids has been evaluated. The ceramide synthase (CerS) cataly
- Izquierdo, Eduardo,Casasampere, Mireia,Fabriàs, Gemma,Abad, José Luís,Casas, Josefina,Delgado, Antonio
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- A two-photon near-infrared fluorescent probe for imaging endogenous hypochlorite in cells, tissue and living mouse
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ABSTRACT: Hypochlorite (HClO/ClO?) plays an important role in the body's immune function system and helps destroy invading bacteria and pathogens. Therefore, real-time and visual detection of hypochlorous acid in the living body is necessary. Here, we describe the first example of a two-photon excitation near-infrared light-emitting fluorescent probe (Nil-ClO) for HClO/ClO? based on Nile Red derivatives. Nil-ClO offers a large fluorescence response near 650 nm and good selectivity to HClO/ClO? in solution. The probe showed an approximately 8-fold increase in fluorescence within 1 min when it was detected at 650 nm in the presence of 30 equivalents of HClO/ClO?. The probe was further used for the fluorescence-based detection of HClO/ClO? in cells, tissues, and mice in a liver injury model. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) experiments showed that the probe had almost no cytotoxicity at the concentrations needed for imaging. The Nil-ClO can response to HClO/ClO? in both HeLa cells and RAW cells quickly. In tissue imaging experiments, Nil-ClO was used to detect HClO/ClO? with a significant near-infrared fluorescence response down to 100 μm of depth. Finally, the obvious fluorescence enhancement in liver injury mouse model indicated a burst of endogenously generated HClO/ClO? in mouse during in vivo imaging experiments.
- Lin, Xiangpeng,Chen, Yunling,Bao, Luo,Wang, Shoujuan,Liu, Keyin,Qin, Wei-dong,Kong, Fangong
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- A selective Nile Red based solvatochromic probe: A study of fluorescence in LUVs and GUVs model membranes
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In this work, a membrane probe (NR18) with a Nile Red-based chromophore, a long tail of 18 carbon atoms and a zwitterionic head was synthesized. The probe is optimized to remain anchored to the phospholipid bilayer without internalizing. NR18 was fully ch
- Brunetti, Jlenia,Concilio, Simona,Di Martino, Miriam,Miele, Ylenia,Nardiello, Anna Maria,Panunzi, Barbara,Piotto, Stefano,Rossi, Federico,Sessa, Lucia
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- Exploring the dark: detecting long-lived Nile Red3ILCT states in Ru(ii) polypyridyl photosensitisers
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Two novel Ru(ii) photosensitisers sporting ethynyl-Nile Red chromophores are shown to absorb strongly in the visible region, and to have two distinct but weakly emissive states (1ILCT* and3MLCT*). In addition a long-lived, lower ener
- Condon, Claire,Conway-Kenny, Robert,Cui, Xiaoneng,Draper, Sylvia M.,Hallen, Lukas J.,Twamley, Brendan,Watson, Graeme W.,Zhao, Jianzhang
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supporting information
p. 14573 - 14577
(2021/11/09)
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- Fluorescent probe for detecting intracellular polarity and preparation method and application thereof
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The invention provides a mitochondria-targeting fluorescent probe for detecting intracellular polarity. The probe can be used for detecting intracellular polarity. According to a preparation method, apolarity-sensitive PTT sensitizer prepared by the inven
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Paragraph 0038-0041
(2021/02/20)
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- Substituted 9-Diethylaminobenzo[ a]phenoxazin-5-ones (Nile Red Analogues): Synthesis and Photophysical Properties
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Nile Red is a benzo[a]phenoxazone dye containing a diethylamino substituent at the 9-position. In recent years, it has become a popular histological stain for cellular membranes and lipid droplets due to its unrivaled fluorescent properties in lipophilic environments. This makes it an attractive lead for chemical decoration to tweak its attributes and optimize it for more specialized microscopy techniques, e.g., fluorescence lifetime imaging or two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy, to which Nile Red has never been optimized. Herein, we present synthesis approaches to a series of monosubstituted Nile Red derivatives (9-diethylbenzo[a]phenoxazin-5-ones) starting from 1-naphthols or 1,3-naphthalenediols. The solvatochromic responsiveness of these fluorophores is reported with focus on how the substituents affect the absorption and emission spectra, luminosity, fluorescence lifetimes, and two-photon absorptivity. Several of the analogues emerge as strong candidates for reporting the polarity of their local environment. Specifically, the one- and two-photon excited fluorescence of Nile Red turns out to be very responsive to substitution, and the spectroscopic features can be finely tuned by judiciously introducing substituents of distinct electronic character at specific positions. This new toolkit of 9-diethylbenzo[a]phenoxazine-5-ones constitutes a step toward the next generation of optical molecular probes for advancing the understanding of lipid structures and cellular processes.
- Hornum, Mick,Mulberg, Mads W.,Szomek, Maria,Reinholdt, Peter,Brewer, Jonathan R.,Wüstner, Daniel,Kongsted, Jacob,Nielsen, Poul
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p. 1471 - 1488
(2021/01/13)
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- A far-red emissive two-photon fluorescent probe for quantification of uracil in genomic DNA
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We report a new method for dU detection in genomic DNA combined with UNG excision and fluorescent probe labeling. UNG can remove uracil bases to introduce abasic sites, which can react with NRNO to produce intense fluorescence because of the inhibition of
- Wang, Bingyao,Chen, Yi,Zhang, Xiong,Jiang, Zhuoran,Wang, Yafen,Chen, Kun,Wang, Fang,Weng, Xiaocheng,Zhou, Xiang
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supporting information
p. 2784 - 2787
(2021/03/23)
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- Ratio type fluorescent probe for detecting hypochlorous acid as well as preparation method and application of ratio type fluorescent probe
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The invention discloses a ratio type fluorescent probe for detecting hypochlorous acid as well as a preparation method and application of the ratio type fluorescent probe. The structural formula of the ratio type fluorescent probe for detecting hypochlorous acid is shown in the specification; a compound Cy7Cl, a compound Nil-OH and sodium hydride are added to DMF, the mixture is subjected to reaction at room temperature for 20-30 h, separation and purification are performed, and the ratio type fluorescent probe Cy7-Nil for detecting hypochlorous acid is obtained. The fluorescent probe is applied to identifying and detecting hypochlorous acid and can be applied to a water system, an organic solvent system or an organism. The fluorescent probe has three fluorescence peaks, a solution obtained after the fluorescent probe is added into water or an organic solvent is purple and becomes pink after reacting with hypochlorous acid, the fluorescence intensity change ratio is used as the standard for quantifying the concentration of hypochlorous acid, and the fluorescent probe is successfully applied to water and an organic solvent and has the characteristics of multiple channels, high sensitivity, good specificity and the like.
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Paragraph 0011; 0019
(2020/06/16)
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- Structural modifications of nile red carbon monoxide fluorescent probe: Sensing mechanism and applications
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Carbon monoxide (CO) is a cell-signaling molecule (gasotransmitter) produced endogenously by oxidative catabolism of heme, and the understanding of its spatial and temporal sensing at the cellular level is still an open challenge. Synthesis, optical properties, and study of the sensing mechanism of Nile red Pd-based CO chemosensors, structurally modified by core and bridge substituents, in methanol and aqueous solutions are reported in this work. The sensing fluorescence "off-on" response of palladacycle-based sensors possessing low-background fluorescence arises from their reaction with CO to release the corresponding highly fluorescent Nile red derivatives in the final step. Our mechanistic study showed that electron-withdrawing and electron-donating core substituents affect the rate-determining step of the reaction. More importantly, the substituents were found to have a substantial effect on the Nile red sensor fluorescence quantum yields, hereby defining the sensing detection limit. The highest overall fluorescence and sensing rate enhancements were found for a 2-hydroxy palladacycle derivative, which was used in subsequent biological studies on mouse hepatoma cells as it easily crosses the cell membrane and qualitatively traces the localization of CO within the intracellular compartment with the linear quantitative response to increasing CO concentrations.
- Klán, Petr,Madea, Dominik,Martínek, Marek,Muchová, Lucie,Váňa, Ji?í,Vítek, Libor
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p. 3473 - 3489
(2020/03/25)
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- Near-infrared fluorescence probe as well as preparation method and application technology thereof
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The invention belongs to the technical field of fluorescent probe sensing in analytical chemistry and relates to a novel near-infrared fluorescent probe, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in detecting polysulfides. The preparation metho
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Paragraph 0018-0024
(2020/01/30)
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- Ratiometric fluorescent probe for detecting lipid droplets in cells, and preparation method and application thereof
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The invention provides a ratiometric fluorescent probe for detecting lipid droplets in cells, and a preparation method and application thereof. The structural formula of the fluorescent probe is shownin the description. The fluorescent probe detects the lipid droplets in a cell environment in a manner of fluorescence weakening and obvious color change, in a water system, the fluorescence of the fluorescent probe is relatively strong at 450 nm and 600 nm, and along with the increase of the polarity of a solution, wavelength red shift and fluorescence weakening are realized. Moreover, after different organic solvents and water are added according to different proportions, the color of the obtained solution is remarkably changed, and the fluorescence is weakened along with the content increase of water; and the fluorescent probe contains two groups with response to polarity, the charge transfer action intensity in molecules is changed, the fluorescence intensity is weakened, the maximumemission wavelength is subjected to red shift by increasing the polarity, and when the probe is applied to a lipid droplet environment, the polarity is increased, the color is darkened, and the polarity of lipid droplets in cells can be intuitively judged through the color.
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Paragraph 0019-0020
(2020/12/30)
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- Fluorescence probe for detecting hypochlorous acid and preparing method
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The invention discloses a fluorescence probe for detecting hypochlorous acid and a preparing method. The structure of the probe is shown in a formula I. The fluorescence of the fluorescence probe is very weak, after water or an organic solvent is added, an obtained solution is dark purple, after the solution reacts with the hypochlorous acid, the color of the solution is deepened, and it is shownthat the fluorescence is enhanced. The fluorescence probe for detecting the hypochlorous acid has high selectivity for detection of the hypochlorous acid, the detection sensitivity is high, the phenomenon is obvious, and identification is facilitated. The preparing method of the fluorescence probe for detecting the hypochlorous acid is simple, and the prepared product is high in yield, and suitable for large-scale application and popularization.
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Paragraph 0025; 0026
(2019/07/29)
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- NILE RED DERIVATIVES FOR IMPROVED RATIOMETRIC IMAGING FOR NERVE-SPECIFIC CONTRAST
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Provided herein are novel Nile Red derivatives with varied electron donating and withdrawing groups to try to influence tissue-specific accumulation and generate a truly adipose specific fluorophore of Formula (I).
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(2019/11/12)
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- Synthesis and characterization of various 5′-dye-labeled ribonucleosides
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Hitherto unknown chromophoric nucleosides are reported. This novel set of visibly coloured dye-labeled 5′-nucleosides, including 1,2,4,5-tetrazine, dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran, benzophenoxazinone, 9,10-anthraquinone and azobenzene chromophores, were prepared mainly under Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The design criteria are outlined. Several derivatives possess in supplement a fluorescence property. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of all coloured nucleosides were recorded to study their potential as visible-range probes. Such nucleodyes are of great interest for future competitive lateral flow test MIP-based strips.
- De Schutter, Coralie,Roy, Vincent,Favetta, Patrick,Pavageau, Corentin,Maisonneuve, Stéphane,Bogliotti, Nicolas,Xie, Juan,Agrofoglio, Luigi A.
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p. 6552 - 6563
(2018/09/25)
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- Senescence tracers
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The instant invention relates to novel compounds useful for visualizing cell senescence, their preparation and use. In particular, this invention relates to novel fucose and amino-quinoline derivatives useful as senescence traces and their preparation.
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(2018/01/05)
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- Selective mercuration of 2-hydroxy nile red and its application towards chemodosimetric Hg2+-selective signaling
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Selective mercuration at the 1,6-positions of 2-hydroxy derivative of Nile Red and its application towards Hg2+- selective signaling was investigated. The 2-hydroxy Nile Red exhibited a selective UV-vis absorption and fluorescent signaling beha
- Lee, Haekyung,Choi, Myung Gil,Yu, Hyo-Yeon,Ahn, Sangdoo,Chang, Suk-Kyu
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experimental part
p. 3539 - 3542
(2011/09/20)
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- Preparation of polystyrene fluorescent microspheres based on some fluorescent labels
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Five fluorescent labels were synthesized and used in the preparation of polystyrene fluorescent microspheres by the dispersion copolymerization and absorption method. Spectral properties of copolymerization fluorescent microspheres in tetrahydrofuran indicated these individual characteristics of labels should be maintained in the fluorescent microspheres. The differences of the fluorescent spectra between five fluorescent microspheres and their corresponding parent labels in ethanol have been investigated. These fluorescent microspheres were characterized by environmental scanning electron microscopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy and fluorescence spectrophotometry. They exhibited good dispersion and stable and high fluorescence intensity. Furthermore, copolymerization fluorescent microspheres were functionalized with amino groups. This means that a method for the preparation of copolymerization fluorescent microspheres was developed as a platform for the generation of functional fluorescent microspheres for diverse applications. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2009.
- Liu, Qing-Hao,Liu, Jia,Guo, Jin-Chun,Yan, Xi-Long,Wang, Dong-Hua,Chen, Lei,Yan, Fan-Yong,Chen, Li-Gong
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scheme or table
p. 2018 - 2025
(2010/05/19)
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- Fluorescent compounds for monitoring protein-lipid binding
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The invention refers to compounds according to formula I wherein R1 is independently in position 2', 3', or both of the A ring of the compound and is hydroxyl, linear or branched -O-alkyl with 1-12, preferably 3-8, more preferably 4 carbon atoms, -O-carboxylic acid with 1-12, preferably 3-8, more preferably 4 carbon atoms, -O-aromatic compound, linear or branched -O-(CH2)m-CH(NH2)-COOH with m = 1-6, preferably m= 2-4, or any combination thereof, R2 and R3 independently are F, Cl, Br, I, H, CN, -CH=CH-alkyl, -C≡C-alkyl, or an aromatic compound, X is O or S, R4 is in position 8', 10', or 11' of the D ring of the compound and is H or (CH2)n-CH3 with n = 0-6, COOH, CN, or halogen R5 and R6 independently are ethyl-, methyl-, H, or -(CH2)3 connected to position 8 or 10 of the D ring of the fluorescent dye, except compounds according to formula I wherein R1 is 2' or 3' - hydroxyl or 2' -O-(CH2)5-COOH, R2, R3, and R4 are H, X is O, and R5 and R6 are ethyl. The invention further refers to the use of the compounds according to formula I as environmentally sensitive fluorescent dyes. They particularly lend themselves to measure the binding of ligands to lipid binding sites of proteins. They can also be used in an assay for performing this measurement.
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(2008/06/13)
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- Benzophenoxazine dyes
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PCT No. PCT/GB97/00324 Sec. 371 Date Jan. 15, 1999 Sec. 102(e) Date Jan. 15, 1999 PCT Filed Feb. 5, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO97/29154 PCT Pub. Date Aug. 14, 1997Benzophenoxazine compounds have formula (I) where X is O or NH, Y is NR1R2 or H, R1 and R2 are alkyl or -L-A, L is a linker and A may be a reactive group by means of which the compound is linked to a biomolecule. The compounds can be used as fluorescent dyes for labelling biomolecules.
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- Synthesis of functionalised fluorescent dyes and their coupling to amines and amino acids
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A series of novel functionalised benzophenoxazinones, analogues of Nile Red, is prepared and their fluorescence properties evaluated. The ring system is prepared by reaction of 5-diethylamino-2-nitrosophenol with 1,6-dihydroxynaphthalene followed by alkylation of the 2-hydroxy group with 6-bromohexanoic acid derivatives. Subsequent ester cleavage under a variety of conditions gives the acid 6. Replacement of the 9-diethylamino group with the N-ethyl-(3-sulfonylpropyl)amino group is carried out to increase water solubility and the resulting dye 14 has similar fluorescence properties. The acid 6 is coupled to a range of amino compounds.
- Briggs, Mark S. J.,Bruce, Ian,Miller, James N.,Moody, Christopher J.,Simmonds, Adrian C.,Swann, Elizabeth
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p. 1051 - 1058
(2007/10/03)
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