- Compounds and methods for inducing chondrogenesis
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The present invention provides compounds and compositions for the amelioration of arthritis and joint injuries by inducing mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes.
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Page/Page column 38; 75; 76
(2016/10/31)
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- The cyclisation of substituted phthalanilic acids in acetic acid solution. A kinetic study of substituted N-phenylphthalimide formation
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One novel and ten known substituted 3′- and 4′-phthalanilic acids have been prepared. These have been cyclised to two novel and nine known substituted N-phenylphthalimides by heating with glacial acetic acid. Both phthalanilic acids and imides have been characterised in detail and spectroscopic data are given. The kinetics of cyclisation for phthalanilic acids has been examined in detail, and it has emerged that a complex mechanism is operating. This initially involves a reversible, solvent assisted intramolecular nucleophilic attack by amide nitrogen on the carboxylic acid carbonyl. Clear evidence is seen for a long-lived intermediate as a precursor to imide formation. The observed kinetics are rationalised using a model of rapid pre-equilibration, followed by the slow breakdown of the intermediate to imide. Observed rate constants for pre-equilibration show a well behaved, linear Hammett plot (ρ = -1.1), whereas those for formation of imide do not.
- Perry, Christopher J.,Parveen, Zahida
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p. 512 - 521
(2007/10/03)
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- Functionalised acyl ferrocenes: Crystal and molecular structures of 4-aminobenzoylferrocene, 4-hydroxybenzoylferrocene and 1,1′-bis(4-hydroxybenzoyl)ferrocene
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Improved methods of synthesis are reported for FcCOC6H4F-4 1a, FcCOC6H4OMe-4 1b and Fcd(COC6H4OMe-4)2 2b [Fc = (C5H5)Fe(C5H4); Fcd = (C5H4)Fe(C5H4)]: demethylation of 1b and 2b, using AlCl3 in 1,1,2-trichloroethane, yields FcCOC6H4OH 1f and Fcd(COC6H4OH)2 2f respectively. Acylation of ferrocene using 4-phthalimidobenzoyl chloride yields 4-(phthalimidobenzoyl)ferrocene 1c, hydrazinolysis of which yields FcCOC6H4NH2-4 1d. Crystal structures are reported for 1d, 1f and 2f: in 1d and 1f the molecules are linked into spiral chains by means of N-H ... O=C and O-H ... O=C hydrogen bonds respectively; in 2f the O-H ... O=C hydrogen bonds link the centrosymmetric molecules into continuous two-dimensional nets, two independent sets of which are interwoven.
- Benyei, Attila C.,Glidewell, Christopher,Lightfoot, Philip,Royles, Brodyck J.L.,Smith, David M.
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p. 177 - 186
(2007/10/03)
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