cas 1943-82-4, Phenethyl isocyanate | Articles data

Articles about 1943-82-4Total 31 be found

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Supporting-Electrolyte-Free Anodic Oxidation of Oxamic Acids into Isocyanates: An Expedient Way to Access Ureas, Carbamates, and Thiocarbamates
We report a new electrochemical supporting-electrolyte-free method for synthesizing ureas, carbamates, and thiocarbamates via the oxidation of oxamic acids. This simple, practical, and phosgene-free route includes the generation of an isocyanate intermediate in situ via anodic decarboxylation of an oxamic acid in the presence of an organic base, followed by the one-pot addition of suitable nucleophiles to afford the corresponding ureas, carbamates, and thiocarbamates. This procedure is applicable to different amines, alcohols, and thiols. Furthermore, when single-pass continuous electrochemical flow conditions were used and this reaction was run in a carbon graphite Cgr/Cgr flow cell, urea compounds could be obtained in high yields within a residence time of 6 min, unlocking access to substrates that were inaccessible under batch conditions while being easily scalable.
Petti, Alessia,Fagnan, Corentin,van Melis, Carlo G. W.,Tanbouza, Nour,Garcia, Anthony D.,Mastrodonato, Andrea,Leech, Matthew C.,Goodall, Iain C. A.,Dobbs, Adrian P.,Ollevier, Thierry,Lam, Kevin
p. 2614 - 2621
(2021/06/27)

Design and synthesis of uracil urea derivatives as potent and selective fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is one of the key enzymes involved in the biological degradation of endocannabinoids, especially anandamide. Pharmacological blockage of FAAH restores the levels of endocannabinoids, providing therapeutic benefits in the management of inflammation, depression and multiple sclerosis. In this study, a series of uracil urea derivatives as FAAH inhibitors were designed and synthesized. Structural modifications at the C5 position and side chain of N-hexyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-1(2H)-carboxamide (1a) led to FAAH inhibitors with improved potency and selectivity. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies indicated that C5 electron-withdrawing substituents were preferred for optimal potency but not for selectivity, whereas replacement of the alkyl chain with phenylalkyl moieties or biphenyl groups significantly improved both inhibitory potency and selectivity towards FAAH. Two highly potent picomolar FAAH inhibitors (4c, IC50 = 0.3 ± 0.05 nM; 4d, IC50 = 0.8 ± 0.1 nM) were developed. Compound 4c inhibited FAAH in a rapid, selective, noncompetitive, and irreversible pattern. This study provides several highly potent and selective FAAH inhibitors and an optimized chemical scaffold for the development of FAAH inhibitors. We anticipate that these FAAH inhibitors will enable new possibilities in understanding FAAH functions and development of therapeutics for pain and inflammatory diseases.
Qiu, Yan,Ren, Jie,Ke, Hongwei,Zhang, Yang,Gao, Qi,Yang, Longhe,Lu, Canzhong,Li, Yuhang
p. 22699 - 22705
(2017/07/10)

Discovery of uracil derivatives as potent inhibitors of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase
Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) is an intracellular serine enzyme involved in the biological degradation of the fatty acid ethanolamide family of signaling lipids, which exerts neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties. In the present study, a conjugated 2,4-dioxo-pyrimidine-1-carboxamide scaffold was confirmed as a novel template for FAAH inhibitors, based on which, a series of analogues had been prepared for an initial structure-activity relationship (SAR) study. Most of the synthesized compounds displayed moderate to significant FAAH inhibitory potency. Among them, compounds 11 and 14 showed better activity than others, with IC50 values of 21 and 53 nM. SAR analysis indicated that 2,4-dioxopyrimidine-1-carboxamides represented a novel class of potent inhibitors of FAAH, and substitution at the uracil ring or replacement of the N-terminal group might favor the inhibitory potency. Selected compounds of this class may be used as useful parent molecules for further investigation.
Qiu, Yan,Zhang, Yang,Li, Yuhang,Ren, Jie
(2016/04/20)

N-methylimidazole-catalyzed synthesis of carbamates from hydroxamic acids via the lossen rearrangement
An efficient, one-pot, N-methylimidazole (NMI) accelerated synthesis of aromatic and aliphatic carbamates via the Lossen rearrangement is reported. NMI is a catalyst for the conversion of isocyanate intermediates to the carbamates. Moreover, the utility of arylsulfonyl chloride in combination with NMI minimizes the formation of often-observed hydroxamate-isocyanate dimers during the sequence. Under the present conditions, lowering of temperatures is also possible, enabling a mild protocol.
Yoganathan, Sabesan,Miller, Scott J.
supporting information
p. 602 - 605
(2013/04/11)

Design, synthesis and evaluation of 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one derivatives as potent caspase-3 inhibitors
A number of 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one derivatives were prepared through structural modification of the original compound from high-throughput screening. Some analogues (e.g., 6b, 6r, 6s and 6w) were identified as novel and potent caspase inhibitors with IC50 of nanomolar. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies for caspase-3 inhibition were evaluated in vitro. Molecular modeling studies provided further insight into the interaction of this class of compounds with activated caspase-3. The present small molecule caspase-3 inhibitor with novel structures different from structures of known caspase inhibitors revealed a new direction for therapeutic strategies directed against diseases involving abnormally up-regulated apoptosis.
Liu, Dazhi,Tian, Zhen,Yan, Zhihui,Wu, Lixin,Ma, Yan,Wang, Quan,Liu, Wei,Zhou, Honggang,Yang, Cheng
p. 2960 - 2967
(2013/07/28)

Synthesis of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-ones from N-Boc-(β-Arylethyl) carbamates via isocyanate intermediates
Mild reaction conditions for the regioselective synthesis of isoquinolin-1-ones and related fused-ring heterocycles from N-Boc-protected (β-arylethyl)carbamates are described. The reactions involved the use of Tf2O and 2-chloropyridine and isocyanates are likely to be key intermediates. The method was extended to substrates bearing less nucleophilic aryl moieties by using Lewis acid additives, such as BF3· Et2O, to enhance the Friedel-Crafts-type cyclization of the isocyanate intermediates. This method allowed the synthesis of various substituted isoquinolin-1-ones, β-carbolines, thiophene-fused ring systems and tetrahydrobenzoazepin-1-ones in good yields and with high regioselectivities. Copyright
In, Jinkyung,Hwang, Soonho,Kim, Changhun,Seo, Jae Hong,Kim, Sanghee
p. 965 - 971
(2013/03/14)

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel amino acid ureido derivatives as aminopeptidase N/CD13 inhibitors
A series of amino acid ureido derivatives as aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) inhibitors were synthesized and evaluated for their APN inhibitory activities and anti-cancer effects. The results showed that most of these amino acid ureido derivatives exhibited good inhibition against APN, several of which were better than Bestatin. The most active compound 12j (IC50 = 1.1 μM, compared with Bestatin IC50 = 8.1 μM) not only possessed much better APN inhibitory activity and anti-proliferation effect on cancer cells, but also exhibited significant block effect of human cancer cell invasion compared with the positive control, Bestatin. These amino acid ureido derivatives could be possibly developed as new APN inhibitors for cancer chemotherapy in the future.
Su, Li,Jia, Yuping,Zhang, Lei,Xu, Yingying,Fang, Hao,Xu, Wenfang
experimental part
p. 3807 - 3815
(2012/08/27)

Development of synthetic aminopeptidase N/CD13 inhibitors to overcome cancer metastasis and angiogenesis
Cancer metastasis is a major barrier to its treatment and an important cause of patient death. Antimetastatic agents hold promise for patients with advanced metastatic tumors. Aminopeptidase N/CD13 (APN) is being pursued by many as an important target against cancer metastasis and angiogenesis, but there are few reports on the in vivo evaluation of synthetic APN inhibitors. Herein, a series of compounds targeting APN were synthesized and evaluated for their antimetastasis and antiangiogenesis potency both in vitro and in vivo. Excitingly, compounds 4m, 4t, and 4cc, with the most potent APN inhibitory activities, displayed significant antimetastasis and antiangiogenesis effects in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that those synthetic APN inhibitors have the potential to overcome cancer metastasis and angiogenesis.
Su, Li,Cao, Jiangying,Jia, Yuping,Zhang, Xiaonan,Fang, Hao,Xu, Wenfang
supporting information
p. 959 - 964
(2013/02/23)

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel l-lysine ureido derivatives as aminopeptidase N inhibitors
As the exopeptidase over-expressed in the cell surface of endothelial cells, aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) is an essential target for tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Based on the previous work of l-lysine amide derivatives in our laboratory, we designed and synthesized two series of l-lysine ureido derivatives as APN inhibitors. Within these compounds, one compound, 5d (IC 50 = 4.51 μM), showed similar inhibitory effect compared with Bestatin (IC50 = 5.87 μM).
Su, Li,Fang, Hao,Yang, Kanghui,Xu, Yingying,Xu, Wenfang
experimental part
p. 900 - 906
(2011/03/19)

Synthesis and evaluation of novel compounds as potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors
A series of new 2-cyanopyrrolidine derivatives with constrained imidazolidin ring were synthesized, Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and/or mass spectrometry, and their activities were evaluated in vitro. They were proven to possess submicromolar inhibitory activities against dipeptidyl peptidase IV.
Wang, Liutang,Zhang, Bin,Ji, Jianxin,Li, Bogang,Yan, Jufang,Zhang, Weiyu,Wu, Yong,Wang, Xuechao,Hou, Hui
experimental part
p. 52 - 57
(2010/03/24)

Direct synthesis of acyl azides from carboxylic acids using 2-azido-l,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride
Acyl azides were directly synthesized from carboxylic acids by the treatment with 2-azido-l,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride (ADMC, 1) and amine. This procedure resulted in acyl azides in good yields and was applied to the amidation of amino acid derivatives without racemization of the products.
Kitamura, Mitsuru,Tashiro, Norifumi,Takamoto, Yusuke,Okauchi, Tatsuo
scheme or table
p. 731 - 733
(2011/01/08)

Triphenylphosphine/2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ)/[n-Bu4N]OCN as a useful system for the efficient conversion of tetrahydropyranyl (THP) ethers to the corresponding alkyl isocyanates
Triphenylphosphine/2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone/tetrabutylammonium cyanate was used as an efficient system for the conversion of tetrahydropyranyl ethers to the corresponding alkyl isocyanates. Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Akhlaghinia, Batool,Samiei, Sima
experimental part
p. 2525 - 2529
(2010/03/31)

Carbonyldiimidazole-mediated lossen rearrangement
[Chemical Equation Presented] Carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) was found to mediate the Lossen rearrangement of various hydroxamic acids to isocyanates. This process is experimentally simple and mild, with imidazole and CO 2 being the sole stoichiometric byproduct. Significant for large-scale application, the method avoids the use of hazardous reagents and thus represents a green alternative to standard processing conditions for the Curtius and Hofmann rearrangements.
Dube, Pascal,Fine Nathel, Noah F.,Vetelino, Michael,Couturier, Michel,Aboussafy, Claude Larrivee,Pichette, Simon,Jorgensen, Matthew L.,Hardink, Mark
supporting information; experimental part
p. 5622 - 5625
(2010/03/02)

Discovering potent small molecule inhibitors of cyclophilin A using de novo drug design approach
This work describes an integrated approach of de novo drug design, chemical synthesis, and bioassay for quick identification of a series of novel small molecule cyclophilin A (CypA) inhibitors (1-3). The activities of the two most potent CypA inhibitors (3h and 3i) are 2.59 and 1.52 nM, respectively, which are about 16 and 27 times more potent than that of cyclosporin A. This study clearly demonstrates the power of our de novo drug design strategy and the related program LigBuilder 2.0 in drug discovery.
Ni, Shuaishuai,Yuan, Yaxia,Huang, Jin,Mao, Xiaona,Lv, Maosheng,Zhu, Jin,Shen, Xu,Pei, Jianfeng,Lai, Luhua,Jiang, Hualiang,Li, Jian
supporting information; experimental part
p. 5295 - 5298
(2010/02/28)

New N-arachidonoylserotonin analogues with potential "dual" mechanism of action against pain
N-Arachidonoylserotonin (AA-5-HT, 1a) is an inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) that acts also as an antagonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid-type 1 (TRPV1) channels and is analgesic in rodents. We modified the chemical structure of 1a with the aim of developing "hybrid" FAAH/TRPV1 blockers more potent than the parent compound or obtaining analogues with single activity at either of the two targets to study the mechanism of the analgesic action of 1a. Thirty-eight AA-5-HT analogues, containing a serotonin "head" bound to a variety of lipophilic moieties via amide, urea, or carbamate functionalities, were synthesized. Unlike 1a, most of the new compounds possessed activity at only one of the two considered targets. The amides 1b and 1c of α- and γ-linolenic acid, however, showed "hybrid" activity similar to 1a. The carbamate 3f (OMDM106), although unable to antagonize TRPV1 receptors, was the most potent FAAH inhibitor in this study (IC50 = 0.5 μM). Compounds 3f and 1m (OMDM129), which exhibited activity at only FAAH or TRPV1, respectively, were 10-fold less potent than 1a at preventing formalin-induced hyperalgesia in mice.
Ortar, Giorgio,Cascio, Maria Grazia,De Petrocellis, Luciano,Morera, Enrico,Rossi, Francesca,Schiano-Moriello, Aniello,Nalli, Marianna,De Novellis, Vito,Woodward, David F.,Maione, Sabatino,Di Marzo, Vincenzo
p. 6554 - 6569
(2008/09/17)

Organosilicon synthesis of isocyanates: II. Synthesis of aliphatic, carbocyclic, and fatty-aromatic isocyanates
Silylation of a series of aliphatic, carbocyclic, and fatty-aromatic amines gave the corresponding silyl derivatives whose yield depended on the electronic and steric structure of the substrate and the nature of the silylating agent. The yield of isocyanates obtained by phosgenation of the silyl derivatives under mild conditions decreased in going from aliphatic amines to benzylamines and rose as the length of the alkyl chain in fatty-aromatic amines extended. The most convenient procedure for the synthesis of low-boiling alkyl isocyanates was found to be based on the transformation of amines or ammonium salts into silyl or silyl silyl-carabamates, followed by pyrolysis of the latter in the presence of trichloro(phenyl)silane. Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2006.
Lebedev,Lebedeva,Sheludyakov,Ovcharuk,Kovaleva,Ustinova
p. 469 - 477
(2008/02/07)

Efficient synthesis of 2,9-disubstituted 8-hydroxyadenine derivatives
An efficient and general method for the synthesis of 2,9-disubstituted 8-hydroxyadenines, which are expected to have various biological activities, was realized. 5-amino-4-cyano-2-hydroxyimidazoles(1) were prepared from aminomalononitrile and isocyanates as key intermediates. The condensation of 1a with amidines, imidates, guanidine, urea and thioureas afforded 8-hydroxyadenines (2-6) possessing various substituents at the 2-position. Furthermore, selective alkylation of 2-amino- and 2-hydroxyadenines (4 and 6) successively proceeded to give the corresponding 2-alkylamino- and 2-alkoxyadenines (5 and 7), respectively. 2-Alkythioadenines (15) were prepared by an analogous reaction of 1a with benzoyl isothiocyanate and subsequent S-alkylation. The imidazoles 1 are most useful intermediated for the synthesis of 8-hydroxyadenine derivatives.
Hirota, Kosaku,Kazaoka, Kazunori,Niimoto, Itaru,Sajiki, Hironao
p. 1354 - 1365
(2007/10/03)

Radical Azidonation of Aldehydes
Aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes can be converted to acyl azides by treatment with iodine azide at 0-25°C. If the reaction is performed at reflux Curtius rearrangement occurs and carbamoyl azides are obtained in 70-97% yield from the aldehyde. The reaction was shown to have a radical mechanism.
Marinescu, Lavinia,Thinggaard, Jacob,Thomsen, Ib B.,Bols, Mikael
p. 9453 - 9455
(2007/10/03)

Piperidine-containing histamine H3-receptor antagonists of the carbamate series: Variation of the spacer length
Ten carbamate derivatives have been prepared from appropriate isocyanates and ω-piperidino-1-alkanols. All compounds belong to the new generation of non-imidazole histamine H3-receptor ligands which may have beneficial pharmacokinetic properties compared with the classical imidazole-containing H3-receptor antagonists. The carbamates were evaluated in vitro for antagonist activity at guinea-pig (gp) H3, H2, H1, and M3 receptors, respectively. They displayed moderate affinity for H3 receptors (pA2 5.8-7.0 in the gp ileum assay) as well as low to moderate selectivities vis-a-vis H2 (gp atrium), H1 (gp ileum), and M3 (gp ileum) receptors. A typical member of this series is 7-piperidino-1-heptyl N-(4-phenyl-1-butyl)carbamate (17) with pA2 values of 7.02 (H3), 5.92 (H1), and 6.38 (M3), respectively, and a pD'2 value of 5.46 (H2).
Lazewska,Kiec-Kononowicz,Pertz,Stark,Schunack,Elz
p. 927 - 932
(2007/10/03)

Unsaturated enamides via organometallic addition to isocyanates: The synthesis of Lansamide-I, Lansiumamides A-C and SB-204900
Styryl Grignard addition to vinyl isocyanates is employed to prepare the naturally occurring enamides Lansamide-I, Lansiumamides A and B, and SB- 204900; the synthesis of Lansiumamide C is also reported. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Stefanuti, Ian,Smith, Stephen A.,Taylor, Richard J. K.
p. 3735 - 3738
(2007/10/03)

N.C.A [11C]CO2 as a safe substitute for phosgene in the carbonylation of primary amines
An efficient one-pot synthesis of [11C]ureas and [11C]isocyanates via dehydration of intermediately formed carbamate salts is described as a general alternative to their formation via [11C]phosgene. After optimization of the reaction parameters, in-target produced n.c.a. [11C]CO2 can be used for labelling in a one pot reaction within a very short reaction time of 10 minutes resulting in good radiochemical yields. The developed method has been applied to the 11C-carbonylation of aniline, benzyl- and phenethylamine and 1,2-diaminobenzene yielding the appropriate n.c.a. [11C]ureas in about 65, 85, 25 and 70% radiochemical yield (RCY), respectively. The presented reaction sequence can be handled easily and safely and lends itself to simple automation.
Schirbel,Holschbach,Coenen
p. 537 - 551
(2007/10/03)

Multilevel selectivity in the mild and high-yielding chlorosilane- induced cleavage of carbamates to isocyanates
The silane-induced cleavage of a series of N-p-tolylcarbamates and N- phenethylcarbamates to isocyanates has been investigated as a function of chlorosilane, carbamate substituent, and reaction conditions. Reaction yields were determined from the isolated ureas, which were formed by trapping the corresponding isocyanates with isobutylamine. Under room-temperature conditions, multilevel selectivity in carbamate activation has been demonstrated. This selectivity together with the generality of the methodology enhances the utility of carbamates as synthetic intermediates and protecting groups. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this selectivity, a series of biscarbamates were selectively monoactivated to isocyanates in excellent yields.
Chong, Pek Y.,Janicki, Slawomir Z.,Petillo, Peter A.
p. 8515 - 8521
(2007/10/03)

A study on the influence of a silicon group on the Curtius reaction
The effect of a dimethyl(phenyl)silyl group at different positions with respect to an acyl azide moiety on the Curtius reaction has been investigated. A silyl group at the β-position enhanced the reaction rate by about three times compared to a non-silylated analog. However, a silyl group at the γ-position had only a minor influence on the reaction. A diacyl azide having a silyl group at the β-position with respect to one acyl azide group and at the γ-position with respect to the other acyl azide group has been prepared and subjected to the Curtius reaction in order to evaluate the possible synthetic potential which originates from the control exerted by the silicon group in such systems.
Verma, Rekha,Ghosh, Sunil K.
p. 2377 - 2381
(2007/10/03)

Synthetic studies on 4,5-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diones bearing fluorogenic residues at N-4
A number of fluorescent 4,5-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diones have been made. Intra-inter-electrophilic substitution by the triazoledione moiety on the activated naphthalene ring of 4-[6-(5-dimethylamino-1-naphthylsulfonamido)hexyl]-4,5-dihydro-3H-1,2,4- triazole-3,5-dione 4a3 leads to rapid decomposition. The dienophilicity of the triazoledione moiety in 4-pyren-1-yl-4,5-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-dione 4d is dramatically lowered by steric shielding. Insertion of a three-carbon spacer unit into the latter compound, to give the 3-pyren-1-ylpropyl analogue 4e, affords a valuable fluorogenic reagent for the analysis of trace levels of 1,3-dienes. Powdered barium manganate is shown to be an excellent solid-phase oxidant for conversion of urazoles into 1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diones.
Read, Gordon,Richardson, Nigel R.
p. 167 - 174
(2007/10/03)

Novel carbamates as potent histamine H3 receptor antagonists with high in vitro and oral in vivo activity
The known histamine H3 receptor antagonists burimamide, thioperamide, clobenpropit, and a related homohistamine thioamide derivative were taken as templates in search for new leads. Novel histamine H3 receptor antagonists structurally described as carbamate derivatives of 3-(1H-imidazol-4- yl)propanol were prepared in high yields by treatment of the alcohol with corresponding isocyanates or carbamoyl chlorides and investigated for their H3 receptor antagonist activity. Different chain lengths and various substituents possessing different electronic and steric parameters were introduced and structure-activity relationships established. In different functional tests, the new antagonists showed high H3 receptor antagonist potencies in vitro (-log K(i) values of 6.4-8.4) at synaptosomes of rat cerebral cortex and low activities at histamine H1 and H2 receptor subtypes. They were also screened for their central in vivo activity in mice after peroral administration. The most promising compounds (2, 16, 19) showed ED50 values of about 1-2 mg/kg and thus are potential drugs for the therapy of H3 receptor dependent diseases. Some of the novel carbamate derivatives are H3 receptor selective compounds with high in vitro and in vivo activity.
Stark, Holger,Purand, Katja,Ligneau, Xavier,Rouleau, Agnès,Arrang, Jean-Michel,Garbarg, Monique,Schwartz, Jean-Charles,Schunack, Walter
p. 1157 - 1163
(2007/10/03)

Reactivity of Carbamoyl Radicals. A New, General, Convenient Free-Radical Synthesis of Isocyanates from Monoamides of Oxalic Acid
A new, general, simple synthesis of isocyanates was developed by oxidation of monoamides of oxalix acid with peroxydisulfate catalyzed by Ag and Cu salts.The reaction was carried out in a two-phase system (water and an organic solvent), and it is suitable also for practical applications, due to the simple experimental conditions and the inexpensive as well as nontoxic reagents.The first example of homolytic intramolecular aromatic carbamoylation is also reported.
Minisci, Francesco,Fontana, Francesca,Coppa, Fausta,Yan, Yong Ming
p. 5430 - 5433
(2007/10/02)

Reactivity of Carbamoyl Radicals: the First General and Convenient Free-radical Synthesis of Isocyanates
The first free-radical synthesis of isocyanates was performed by oxidation of oxalic acid monoamides by S2O82-, catalysed by silver(I) and copper(II) salts, in a two-phase system.
Minisci, Francesco,Coppa, Fausta,Fontana, Francesca
p. 679 - 680
(2007/10/02)

Orally Active β-Lactam Inhibitors of Leukocyte Elastase-1. Activity of 3,3-Diethyl-2-azetidinones
A thorough analysis of the mechanism of inhibition of human leukocyte elastase (HLE) by a monocyclic β-lactam and the mechanism of β-lactam hydrolysis led to the preparation of potent and highly stable inhibitors of HLE.This work led to the identification of 4--3,3-diethyl-1-carbonyl>-2-azetidinone (2) as the first orally active inhibitor of human leukocyte elastase (HLE).Analogs of 2 with different substituents on the urea N were synthesized and evaluated for their activity in vitro against HLE as well as in vivo in a hamster lung hemorrhage model.Compounds with a methyl or a methoxy group in the para position of the benzene ring were very potent in both assays.The results are discussed on the basis of the proposed model for the binding of this class of inhibitors to HLE and a possible mechanism of inhibition is presented.
Shah, Shrenik K.,Dorn, Conrad P.,Finke, Paul E.,Hale, Jeffrey J.,Hagmann, William K.,et al.
p. 3745 - 3754
(2007/10/02)

Inactivation of Leukocyte Elastase by Aryl Azolides and Sulfonate Salts. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies
The inhibitory activity of a series of aryl azolides and sulfonate salts toward human leukocyte elastase is reported.Several of the compounds were found to be potent inhibitors of the enzyme.Active compounds were obtained only when the specificity group and the reactive moiety were separated by a two-carbon chain.The introduction of hydrophobic groups enhanced the inhibitory activity of these compounds, with the exception of the sulfonate salts.The nature of the leaving group had had a profound effect on inhibitory activity, with compounds 23 and 26 being the most active (kobsd/ = 11722 and 13500 M-1 s-1, respectively).
Groutas, W. C.,Brubaker, M. J.,Zandler, M. E.,Mazo-Gray, V.,Rude, S. A.,et al.
p. 1302 - 1305
(2007/10/02)