- Investigations of the reactions of monochloramine and dichloramine with selected phenols: Examination of humic acid models and water contaminants
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The phenols are an important area of investigation because they are substituents in the humic acids and are common contaminants in water. The reactivities and orientations of two common phenols (phenol and m-cresol), and some of their chlorinated intermediates with aqueous monochloroamine and dichloroamine were presented. m-Cresol was more reactive than phenol with both chlorinating agents. NH2Cl and NHCl2 showed extensive reactivity toward the phenols, even the partially chlorinated less reactive intermediates would be expected to fully chlorinate the activated positions in phenolic substituents in the humic acids.
- Heasley, Victor L.,Fisher, Audra M.,Herman, Erica E.,Jacobsen, Faith E.,Miller, Evan W.,Ramirez, Ashley M.,Royer, Nicole R.,Whisenand, Josh M.,Zoetewey, David L.,Shellhamer, Dale F.
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p. 5022 - 5029
(2008/04/18)
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- Phenolic Analogues of Amino Carboxylic Acid Ligands for 99mTc. I. Synthesis and Characterisation of N,N'-Ethylenebis (ehpg)
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Nine N,N'-ethylenebis (ehpg) have been prepared and characterized by conversion into their dimethyl ester dihydrochlorides.Their i.r., 1H n.m.r. and f.a.b. mass spectral data are presented and discussed.
- Wilson, Gerald J.
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p. 1695 - 1704
(2007/10/02)
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- CHLORINATION OF 2,4,6-TRICHLOROPHENOL IN ACIDIC AQUEOUS MEDIUM
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The course of chlorination of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (I) in water and approximately 20percent sulfuric and hydrochloric acids has been investigated.In all these media the reaction gives primarily 2,4,6,6-tetrachloro-2,4-cyclohexadienone (II) which is subsequently chlorinated under formation of polychlorinated alicyclic ketones or isomerized to give the more stable 2,4,4,6-tetrachloro-2,5-cyclohexadienone (III), the precursor of further arising chlorinated 1,4-benzoquinones.The ratio of the arising polychlorinated alicyclic ketones to chlorinated 1,4-benzoquinones is significantly influenced by concentration of hydrogen chloride in the reaction medium.On the basis of model experiments, the reaction mechanism of exhaustive chlorination of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol has been suggested.
- Svec, Petr
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p. 1842 - 1851
(2007/10/02)
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- Synthesis and Evaluation of Diaryl Oxalate Esters for Low-Intensity Chemiluminescent Illumination
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Various diaryl oxalate esters have been prepared from oxalyl chloride and substituted salicylates.A number of intermediates and byproducts were obtained from chlorinations of salicylic acid and their mechanistic significance has been discussed.The chemiluminescent emission from the oxalates in the presence of hydrogen peroxide has been examined in the search for low-intensity illumination of at least 10 h duration.Bis(2-alkoxycarbonyl-4,6-dinitrophenyl) oxalates were too unstable while the chemiluminescence of the bis(6-alkoxycarbonyl-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) oxalates c ould not be adjusted suitably.Some bis(6-alkoxycarbonyl-2,4-dichlorophenyl) oxalates were prepared and, by treatment with various combinations of potassium salicylate and oxalic acid, satisfactory low-intensity light emission could be achieved.
- Dowd, Christopher D.,Paul, D. Brenton
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