A process for the hydrogenation of carboxylic acids and/or derivatives, particularly amides, is described. The process includes reacting an acid or derivative such as an amide with a source of hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst system. The catalyst system obtainable by combining: (a) a source of ruthenium, and (b) a phosphine compound of general Formula I: (Formula I). The hydrogenation reaction is carried out in the presence of a low concentration of water or at low pressure or in the presence of a source of ammonia or the hydrogenation reaction is carried out in the absence of water or a combination of these factors is utilised. The invention also relates to the use of ammonia in the production of primary amines by hydrogenation of carboxylic acids and/or derivatives thereof or a process for the production of primary amines generally.
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Page/Page column 26
(2008/06/13)
The synthesis of amines by the homogeneous hydrogenation of secondary and primary amides
Amides can be hydrogenated to amines using a catalyst prepared in situ from [Ru(acac)3] and 1,1,1-tris(diphenylphosphinomethyl)ethane; water is required to stabilize the catalyst and primary amines can only be formed (selectivity up to 85%) if ammonia is also present. The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Nú?ez Magro, Angel A.,Eastham, Graham R.,Cole-Hamilton, David J.
p. 3154 - 3156
(2008/02/13)
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