cas 2050-43-3, 2',4'-DIMETHYLACETANILIDE | Articles data

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A one pot protocol to convert nitro-arenes into: N-aryl amides
A two-step one pot, experimentally simple protocol, based on readily available and inexpensive reagents allowed the conversion of nitro-arenes directly to N-aryl amides. A metal-free reduction of the nitro group, mediated by trichlorosilane, followed by the addition of an anhydride afforded the corresponding N-aryl carboxyamide, that was isolated after a simple aqueous work up in good-excellent yields. When the methodology was applied to the reaction with γ-butyrolactone, the desired N-aryl butanamide derivative was obtained, featuring a chlorine atom at the γ-position, a functionalized handle that can be used for further synthetic manipulation of the reaction product. Such an intermediate has already been employed as a key advanced precursor of pharmaceutically active compounds.
Massolo, Elisabetta,Pirola, Margherita,Puglisi, Alessandra,Rossi, Sergio,Benaglia, Maurizio
p. 4040 - 4044
(2020/02/04)

Acylation of Phenols, Alcohols, Thiols, Amines and Aldehydes Using Sulfonic Acid Functionalized Hyper-Cross-Linked Poly(2-naphthol) as a Solid Acid Catalyst
Abstract: The hyper-cross-linked porous poly(2-naphthol) fabricated by the Friedel–Crafts alkylation of 2-naphthol has been functionalized with sulfonic acid to obtain a solid acid catalyst. The catalyst is applied for the protection of phenol, alcohols, thiols, amines and aldehydes with acetic anhydride at room temperature. The catalytic protection using the new solid acid is featured by achieving high yield at neat condition, needing no aqueous work-up and/or chromatographic separation, and showing excellent recycling efficiency, suggesting the potential of this sulfonated porous polymers as a new protection protocol in a wide range of sustainable chemical reactions. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
Kalla, Reddi Mohan Naidu,Reddy, Sirigireddy Sudharsan,Kim, Il
p. 2696 - 2705
(2019/05/28)

COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS, AND METHODS FOR SELECTIVELY INHIBITING β-GLUCURONIDASES AND ALLEVIATING SIDE EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH DRUG TREATMENT INDUCED DIARRHEA
The present disclosure describes compounds and compositions that inhibit β-glucuronidase activity, and methods for attenuating the side effects of one or more drugs and improving the efficacy of drugs by administration of selective β-glucuronidase inhibitors.
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Page/Page column 105

(2019/04/09)

Synthesis of acetamides from aryl amines and acetonitrile by diazotization under metal-free conditions
An efficient and metal-free coupling reaction has been developed that affords acetamides from the corresponding aryl amines and acetonitrile. This method tolerates a wide range of functional groups and is selective toward aryl amines. Preliminary mechanistic studies were conducted.
Duan, Pan,Guo, Yu,Kang, Huan,Li, Yi-Na,Wen, Xianghao,Xiao, Fang,Zeng, Yao-Fu,Zhang, Na-Na
supporting information
p. 2169 - 2172
(2019/11/25)

Werner transition-metal complex (WTMC)-mediated mild and efficient chemo-selective acylation of phenols and anilines under solvent-free condition
Werner-type transition-metal complexes (WTMC) such as [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2, Cu[(NH3)4]SO4, Mn(acac)3, Ni[(NH3)6]Cl2, Ni[(en)3]S2O3, and Hg[Co(SCN)4] efficiently promote the chemoselective acetylation of phenols and anilines under solvent-free condition. The results of this study clearly shows that the optimal condition for the acetylation of anilines/phenols (1 mmol) (2a–r) with acetic anhydride (1.2 mmol) in the presence of WTMC (1 mmol) and two drops of H3PO4 on heating for 10 min under solvent-free condition gives the corresponding acetanilides/phenyl acetate (3a–r) in good to excellent yield. Furthermore, the method is simple, efficient, chemoselective, and eco-friendly under solvent-free condition for the acetylation of anilines and phenols promoted by WTMC by using acetic anhydrate as the acetylating agent. The simple preparation of the catalyst, easy procedure of the acetylation reaction, and simple work-up indicate the importance of WTMC for such reactions.
Sarief, Abdulla,Haque, SK Manirul,Feroze, Syed Mudabbir,Arifuddin, Mohammed
p. 1104 - 1109
(2018/09/27)

Sulfonium Salts as Alkylating Agents for Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Ortho Alkylation of Anilides and Aromatic Ureas
A novel method for the ortho alkylation of acetanilide and aromatic urea derivatives via C-H activation was developed. Alkyl dibenzothiophenium salts are considered to be new reagents for the palladium-catalyzed C-H activation reaction, which enables the transfer of methyl and other alkyl groups from the sulfonium salt to the aniline derivatives under mild catalytic conditions.
Simkó, Dániel Cs.,Elekes, Péter,Pázmándi, Vivien,Novák, Zoltán
supporting information
p. 676 - 679
(2018/02/09)

Copper-(II) Catalyzed N-Formylation and N-Acylation of Aromatic, Aliphatic, and Heterocyclic Amines and a Preventive Study in the C-N Cross Coupling of Amines with Aryl Halides
A Cu-(II) catalyzed N-formylation and N-acylation of amines with moderate to excellent yields, using N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) and N, N-dimethyl acetamide (DMA) as a formyl and acylating sources in the presence of 1,2,4-triazole is reported. This novel, highly efficient and simple protocol shows broad substrate scope for aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic amines. In addition, the conditions to prevent N-formylation and N-acylation impurities in the C?N cross coupling of amines and aryl halides are described typically when DMF and DMA are used as solvents, with various catalysts, ligands, and bases.
Sonawane, Rahul B.,Rasal, Nishant K.,Bhange, Dattatraya S.,Jagtap, Sangeeta V.
p. 3907 - 3913
(2018/09/12)

Sulfated choline ionic liquid-catalyzed acetamide synthesis by grindstone method
Sulfated choline ionic liquid (SCIL) has been found to be an efficient solid acid IL catalyst for the protection of amine groups with acetic anhydride under solvent-free grindstone conditions. The attractive features of this new catalytic methodology include its sustainability, facile work-up procedure, economic viability, and biodegradability. The SCIL catalyst was characterized using infrared spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray scattering analysis, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The catalyst could be reused six times without significant loss in activity. Furthermore, no chromatographic separations were needed to obtain the desired products.
Kalla, Reddi Mohan Naidu,Lim, Jaehwa,Bae, Jaeyeong,Kim, Il
supporting information
p. 1595 - 1599
(2017/04/03)

Impregnated copper on Fe3O4: an efficient magnetically separable nanocatalyst for rapid and selective acylation of amines
The present paper describes the synthesis of N-arylacetamides through acetylation of arylamines with Ac2O in the presence of magnetically recyclable Fe3O4/Cu NPs. All reactions were carried out efficiently in H2O within 2–10?min to give the products in 89–95% yields. Selective acetylation of amines versus alcohols was carried out successfully with this acetylating system. In addition, acetylation of amines and phenols was taken place with the same reactivity. Reusability of the nanocatalyst was examined 5 times without significant loss of its catalytic activity.
Shokri, Zahra,Zeynizadeh, Behzad
p. 2467 - 2474
(2017/10/30)

Co3O4 nanoparticles prepared by oxidative precipitation method: an efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for N-formylation of amines
Abstract: N-formylation of different amines was carried out with formic acid in the presence of the Co3O4 nanoparticles as an efficient, stable heterogeneous catalyst to give the corresponding formamides under solvent-free conditions. This method has advantages over the reported methods such as high yields, mild conditions, easy work-up and short reaction times. The catalyst was characterized by different techniques such as XRD, SEM and FT-IR spectroscopy. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
Marjani, Ahmad Poursattar,Hosseini, Seyed Ali,Shokri, Zahra,Maleki, Nasim
p. 413 - 422
(2017/01/14)

COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS, AND METHODS FOR MODULATING CFTR
The present disclosure is directed to disclosed compounds that modulate, e.g., address underlying defects in cellular processing of CFTR activity.
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Paragraph 0344

(2017/08/01)

Synthesis of 2-methylbenzoxazoles directly from: N -phenylacetamides catalyzed by palladium acetate
A method to synthesize 2-methylbenzoxazoles directly from N-phenylacetamides catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2 in the presence of K2S2O8 and TfOH has been developed. The desired products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. This approach provides a facile procedure to prepare benzoxazoles with available substrates. It is found that TfOH is the key factor for this cyclization reaction. A plausible mechanism of the reaction is proposed according to the control reactions and the literature.
Wang, Biying,Jiang, Chengfei,Qian, Jiasheng,Zhang, Shuwei,Jia, Xiaodong,Yuan, Yu
p. 101 - 107
(2017/12/27)

Nickel-(II)-Catalyzed N-Formylation and N-Acylation of Amines
A highly efficient protocol of Ni(II) metal complex, [Ni(quin)2], catalyzing N-formylation and N-acylation of amines with moderate to excellent yields, using N,N-dimethylformamide and N,N-dimethylacetamide in the presence of imidazole, is described here. The protocol shows broad substrate scope for aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic amines.
Sonawane, Rahul B.,Rasal, Nishant K.,Jagtap, Sangeeta V.
supporting information
p. 2078 - 2081
(2017/04/28)

I2-Mediated 2: H -indazole synthesis via halogen-bond-assisted benzyl C-H functionalization
I2-Mediated benzyl C-H functionalization has been developed for the synthesis of 2H-indazoles, which features high efficiency, simple conditions and no need for metals. Mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations have revealed halogen bond assistance and a radical chain process for this reaction. The azo group and the bound iodine cooperate in the hydrogen abstraction step, which circumvents the thermodynamic disfavor of direct hydrogen abstraction by a simple iodine radical.
Yi, Xiangli,Jiao, Lei,Xi, Chanjuan
supporting information
p. 9912 - 9918
(2016/10/31)

Mild and efficient palladium-catalyzed direct trifluoroethylation of aromatic systems by C-H activation
The introduction of trifluoroalkyl groups into aromatic molecules is an important transformation in the field of organic and medicinal chemistry. However, the direct installation of fluoroalkyl groups onto aromatic molecules still represents a challenging and highly demanding synthetic task. Herein, a simple trifluoroethylation process that relies on the palladium-catalyzed C-H activation of aromatic compounds is described. With the utilization of a highly active trifluoroethyl(mesityl)iodonium salt, the developed catalytic method enables the first highly efficient and selective trifluoroethylation of aromatic compounds. The robust catalytic procedure provides the desired products in up to 95 % yield at 25 °C in 1.5 to 3 hours and tolerates a broad range of functional groups. The utilization of hypervalent reagents opens new synthetic possibilities for direct alkylations and fluoroalkylations in the field of transition-metal-catalyzed C-H activation.
T?th, Balázs L.,Kovács, Szabolcs,Sályi, Gerg?,Novák, Zoltán
supporting information
p. 1988 - 1992
(2016/02/18)

Selective N-acetylation of aromatic amines using acetonitrile as acylating agent
A method for N-acetylation of amines has been developed using acetonitrile as an acylating agent and in situ generated trimethylsilyl iodide as the catalyst under microwave heating condition. The reaction is selective toward aromatic amines while aliphatic amines remain intact. The process eliminates the requirement of toxic acylating reagents like acetic anhydride and acetyl chloride.
Saikia, Ujwal Pratim,Hussain, Farhaz L.,Suri, Mrinaly,Pahari, Pallab
supporting information
p. 1158 - 1160
(2016/03/09)

A mild and practical procedure for synthesis of substituted 2-aminobenzophenones
Abstract A convenient three-step procedure has been developed for synthesis of substituted 2-aminobenzophenones from substituted anilines. The anilines are first protected as acetanilides, by reaction with acetic anhydride. These are then benzoylated with (trichloromethyl)benzene in the presence of aluminium-generated 2-acetamidobenzophenone. Finally, removal of the acetyl group from the amino group provides the substituted 2-aminobenzophenones in moderate to good yields.
Ma, Er-Qian,Wang, Ping,Li, Pei-He,Mo, Li-Ping
p. 6433 - 6441
(2015/08/18)

Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of Triketone-Quinoline Hybrids as Novel 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Inhibitors
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.27, HPPD) is one of the most important targets for herbicide discovery. In the search for new HPPD inhibitors with novel scaffolds, triketone-quinoline hybrids were designed and subsequently optimized on the basis of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. Most of the synthesized compounds displayed potent inhibition of Arabidopsis thaliana HPPD (AtHPPD), and some of them exhibited broad-spectrum and promising herbicidal activity at the rate of 150 g ai/ha by postemergence application. Most promisingly, compound III-l, 3-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxy-7-(methylthio)quinoline-3-carbonyl)cyclohex-2-enone (Ki = 0.009 ～M, AtHPPD), had broader spectrum of weed control than mesotrione. Furthermore, compound III-l was much safer to maize at the rate of 150 g ai/ha than mesotrione, demonstrating its great potential as herbicide for weed control in maize fields. Therefore, triketone-quinoline hybrids may serve as new lead structures for novel herbicide discovery.
Wang, Da-Wei,Lin, Hong-Yan,Cao, Run-Jie,Chen, Tao,Wu, Feng-Xu,Hao, Ge-Fei,Chen, Qiong,Yang, Wen-Chao,Yang, Guang-Fu
p. 5587 - 5596
(2015/06/25)

Synthesis and biological evaluation of new rhodanine analogues bearing 2-chloroquinoline and benzo[h]quinoline scaffolds as anticancer agents
Several rhodanine derivatives (9-39) were synthesized for evaluation of their potential as anticancer agents. Villsmeier cyclization to synthesize aza-aromatic aldehydes, rhodanine derivatives preparation and Knoevenagel type of condensation between the rhodanines and aza-aromatic aldehydes are key steps used for the synthesis of 31 compounds. In vitro antiproliferative activity of the synthesized rhodanine derivatives (9-39) was studied on a panel of six human tumor cell lines viz. HGC, MNK-74, MCF-7, MDAMB-231, DU-145 and PC-3 cell lines. Some of the compounds were capable of inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cell lines at a micromolar concentration. Six compounds are found to be potent against HGC cell lines; compound 15 is found to be active against HGC - Gastric, MCF7 - Breast Cancer and DU145 - Prostate Cancer cell lines; compound 39 is potent against MNK-74; four compounds are found to be potent against MCF-7 cell lines; three compounds are active against MDAMB-231; nine compounds are found to be potent against DU-145; three compounds are active against PC-3 cell lines. These compounds constitute a promising starting point for the development of novel and more potent anticancer agents in future.
Ramesh, Vadla,Ananda Rao, Boddu,Sharma, Pankaj,Swarna,Thummuri, Dinesh,Srinivas, Kolupula,Naidu,Jayathirtha Rao, Vaidya
p. 569 - 580
(2014/07/21)

A one-pot process for palladium catalyzed direct C-H acylation of anilines in water using a removable ortho directing group
A new mild, practical method for the synthesis of aminobenzophenone derivatives through a three step one-pot reaction sequence involving acylation of anilines, palladium catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling of the formed anilides and the hydrolytic cleavage is reported. The full reaction sequence was performed under aqueous conditions.
Szabo, Fruzsina,Simko, Daniel,Novak, Zoltan
p. 3883 - 3886
(2014/01/06)

Pyrazolone-quinazolone hybrids: A novel class of human 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitors
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), converting 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate acid to homogentisate, is an important target for treating type I tyrosinemia and alkaptonuria due to its significant role in tyrosine catabolism. However, only one commercial drug, NTBC, also known as nitisinone, has been available for clinical use so far. Herein, we have elucidated the structure-based design of a series of pyrazolone-quinazolone hybrids that are novel potent human HPPD inhibitors through the successful integration of various techniques including computational simulations, organic synthesis, and biochemical characterization. Most of the new compounds displayed potent inhibitory activity against the recombinant human HPPD in nanomolar range. Compounds 3h and 3u were identified as the most potent candidates with Kivalues of around 10 nM against human HPPD, about three-fold more potent than NTBC. Molecular modeling indicated that the interaction between the pyrazolone ring and ferrous ion, and the hydrophobic interaction of quinazolone with its surrounding residues, such as Phe347 and Phe364, contributed greatly to the high potency of these inhibitors. Therefore, compounds 3h and 3u could be potentially useful for the treatment of type I tyrosinemia and other diseases with defects in tyrosine degradation.
Xu, Yu-Ling,Lin, Hong-Yan,Cao, Run-Jie,Ming, Ze-Zhong,Yang, Wen-Chao,Yang, Guang-Fu
p. 5194 - 5211
(2014/12/11)

Mild palladium-catalyzed oxidative direct ortho-C-H acylation of anilides under aqueous conditions
Palladium-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling between anilides and aromatic aldehydes was achieved under aqueous conditions. A wide variety of the desired benzophenone derivatives was isolated in good to excellent yield. The reaction rate acceleration effect of acid and detergent has been demonstrated. Mechanistic insight has been obtained from quantum chemical calculations. Copyright
Szabo, Fruzsina,Daru, Janos,Simko, Daniel,Nagy, Tibor Zs.,Stirling, Andras,Novak, Zoltan
supporting information
p. 685 - 691
(2013/04/10)

H2O2-mediated oxidative formation of amides from aromatic amines and 1,3-diketones as acylation agents via C-C bond cleavage at room temperature in water under metal-free conditions
1,3-Diketones, as novel acylation agents, reacted with aromatic amines promoted by commercially available H2O2 (30% aq.) as the sole oxidant at room temperature under metal-free conditions in water, leading to a novel and rapid amide bond formation strategy. The reported method is high-yielding, simple and mild, and is the first example of the use of 1,3-diketones as acylation agents via C-C bond cleavage.
Sun, Xi,Wang, Min,Li, Pinhua,Zhang, Xiuli,Wang, Lei
supporting information
p. 3289 - 3294
(2013/12/04)

Ph3P/I2-Catalyzed beckmann rearrangement of ketoximes into amides
A Beckmann rearrangement of ketoximes reaction using triphenylphosphine/ iodine as an effective catalyst in acetonitrile at reflux temperature is reported. The results indicate that conversion of oximes to amides can be reached in good to excellent yields under optimal reaction conditions within several minutes. The reaction mechanism is also proposed. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications to view the free supplemental file.
Xu, Feng,Wang, Ni-Ge,Tian, You-Ping,Chen, Yong-Mei,Liu, Wei-Chun
experimental part
p. 3532 - 3539
(2012/10/08)

Microwave-assisted synthesis of amide under solvent-free conditions
An efficient and environmentally friendly synthetic method for the synthesis of primary amides under microwave irradiation was described, in which the primary amine was directly reacted with acid without any catalytic agents. The reaction took place in 8-12-min, which was much shorter than the traditional synthetic methods, with almost quantitative yields. The influential factor of the reaction was discussed. The tautomerization between the carboxylic acid group and the H atom in α-carbon of L-amino acid was observed, presumably a dehydrated intermediate forming from this tautomerized isomer. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Wang, Xiao-Jian,Yang, Qian,Liu, Fei,You, Qi-Dong
p. 1028 - 1035
(2008/09/18)

Palladium-catalyzed methylation of aryl C-H bond by using peroxides
A novel Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed methylation reaction by dicumyl peroxide via aryl C-H bond activation was discovered. Various 2-phenylpyridine and acetanilides can be used as reactants in these reactions. Peroxide was used as both the methylating reagent and the hydrogen acceptor. Copyright
Zhang, Yuhua,Feng, Jianqing,Li, Chao-Jun
p. 2900 - 2901
(2008/09/19)

Microwave-induced acetylation of some aromatic primary amines using acetic acid
Microwave-induced synthesis of anilides from aromatic primary amines using acetic acid with considerable reaction rate enhancement and improved yields is reported.
Ameta,Verma
p. 840 - 840
(2007/10/03)

2-IMIDAZOLINE, 2-OXAZOLINE, 2-THIAZOLINE, AND 4-IMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES OF METHYLPHENYL, METHOXYPHENYL, AND AMINOPHENYL ALKYLSULFONAMIDES AND UREAS AND THEIR USE
The present invention concerns novel compounds represented by the Formula: STR1 wherein: A is R 1 q (R 3 R 60 N). sub.m (Z)(NR 2) n ; m and q are each 0 or 1, with the proviso that when q is 1, m is 0 and when q is 0, m is 1; Z is C=O or SO 2 ; n is 1 with the proviso that, when Z is C=O, m is 1; X is--NH--,--CH 2--, or--OCH 2--; Y is 2-imidazoline, 2-oxazoline, 2-thiazoline, or 4-imidazole; R 1 is H, lower alkyl, or phenyl, with the proviso that, when R 1 is H, m is 1; R 2, R 3, R 60 are each independently H, lower alkyl, or phenyl; R 4, R 5, R. sup.6, and R 7 are each independently hydrogen, lower alkyl,--CF. sub.3, lower alkoxy, halogen, phenyl, lower alkeny, hydroxyl, lower alkylsulfonamido, or lower cycloalkyl, wherein R. sup.2 and R 7 optionally may be taken together to form alkylene or alkenylene of 2 to 3 atoms in an unsubstituted or optionally substituted 5-or 6-membered ring, wherein the optional substituents on the ring are halo, lower alkyl, or--CN, with the proviso that, when R 7 is hydroxyl or lower alkylsulfonamido, then X is not--NH--when Y is 2-imidazoline. The compounds include pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the above. In the above formula A may be, for example, (R 1 SO 2 NR 2--), (R. sup.3 R 60 NSO 2 NR 2--), or (R 3 R 60 NCONR 2--). The invention also includes the use of the above compounds, and compositions containing them, as alpha 1A/1L agonists in the treatment of various disease states such as urinary incontinence, nasal congestion, priapism, depression, anxiety, dementia, senility, Alzheimer's, deficiencies in attentiveness and cognition, and eating disorders such as obesity, bulimia, and anorexia.
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(2008/06/13)

Concurrent 18O exchange accompanying the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of anilides. Implications for the lifetimes of reversibly formed intermediates
Hydrolysis of acetanilide and N,2,4-trimethylacetanilide in acid is accompanied by oxygen exchange. The log khyd and log kex vs -log [H+] profiles are parallel and show no significant divergence. The deuterium solvent kinetic isotope effects on exchange and hydrolysis are unity. A possible alternative mechanism for exchange in acetanilides involving enolization and elimination to give a transient keteniminium ion has been ruled out by the absence of concurrent deuterium incorporation into the acetyl group and shown to be thermodynamically prohibited. The deuterium solvent kinetic isotope effects (KIE) allow two mechanisms for hydration: the most probable is an attack of water with concerted loss of a proton to a second water; less likely is an attack of water with concerted transfer of a proton by way of a second water to the nitrogen. The solvent KIE allows only one mechanism for amine expulsion, concerted loss of amine from TN+ and loss of a proton to solvent water. A decision on the mechanism of hydration can be made by the use of estimated energies of the intermediates and a two-dimensional extension of Marcus theory. These calculations rule out the mechanism leading directly to TN+ and favor one leading to T°.
Bennet,Slebocka-Tilk,Brown,Guthrie, J. Peter,Jodhan
p. 8497 - 8506
(2007/10/02)

Ortho-Alkylation of Acetanilides Using Alkyl Halides and Palladium Acetate
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Tremont, Samuel J.,Rahman, Hayat Ur
p. 5759 - 5760
(2007/10/02)

The regiospecific phase transfer catalyzed reductive carbonylation of azadienes
Reaction of an azadiene with cobalt carbonyl, carbon monoxide, and methyl iodide under phase transfer catalysis conditions (benzene, water or aqueous NaOH, benzyltriethylammonium chloride) affords allylic amides in reasonable yields.This regiospecific reaction is sensitive to the concentration of base.One can also effect this transformation using acidic catalysis.A mechanism is proposed for the reductive carbonylation reaction.
Alper, Howard,Amaratunga, Shiyamalie
p. 1309 - 1313
(2007/10/02)