- Convergent evolution of bacterial ceramide synthesis
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The bacterial domain produces numerous types of sphingolipids with various physiological functions. In the human microbiome, commensal and pathogenic bacteria use these lipids to modulate the host inflammatory system. Despite their growing importance, their biosynthetic pathway remains undefined since several key eukaryotic ceramide synthesis enzymes have no bacterial homolog. Here we used genomic and biochemical approaches to identify six proteins comprising the complete pathway for bacterial ceramide synthesis. Bioinformatic analyses revealed the widespread potential for bacterial ceramide synthesis leading to our discovery of a Gram-positive species that produces ceramides. Biochemical evidence demonstrated that the bacterial pathway operates in a different order from that in eukaryotes. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses support the hypothesis that the bacterial and eukaryotic ceramide pathways evolved independently. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
- Stankeviciute, Gabriele,Tang, Peijun,Ashley, Ben,Chamberlain, Joshua D.,Hansen, Matthew E. B.,Coleman, Aimiyah,D’Emilia, Rachel,Fu, Larina,Mohan, Eric C.,Nguyen, Hung,Guan, Ziqiang,Campopiano, Dominic J.,Klein, Eric A.
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p. 305 - 312
(2022/01/06)
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- PROCESS FOR PREPARING SPHINGOLIPIDS
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The invention provides a process for preparing sphingolipids, compositions comprising sphingolipids and further components, and for the use of the compositions.
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Paragraph 0108; 0112
(2019/10/23)
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- Synthesis of a panel of carbon-13-labelled (glyco)sphingolipids
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The synthesis of a focussed library of sphingolipids differing in the number and position of 13C labels is described. The synthesised sphingolipids differ in substitution at both the sphingosine amine (either palmitoylated or unmodified) and the sphingosine primary hydroxyl (unmodified or glycosylated). Moreover, 13C atoms are incorporated into either the sphingosine or the palmitate moiety, or both. This set of compounds is intended for use in relative quantitative lipidomics studies to gain insight into sphingolipid metabolism in healthy and diseased (lysosomal storage disorders) patients and animal models. The synthesis of a focussed library of sphingolipids differing in the number and position of 13C labels is described. 13C atoms are incorporated into either the sphingosine or the palmitate moiety, or both. This set of compounds is intended for use in relative quantitative lipidomics studies to gain insight into sphingolipid metabolism.
- Wisse, Patrick,Gold, Henrik,Mirzaian, Mina,Ferraz, Maria J.,Lutteke, Ginger,Van Den Berg, Richard J. B. H. N.,Van Den Elst, Hans,Lugtenburg, Johan,Van Der Marel, Gijsbert A.,Aerts, Johannes M. F. G.,Codée, Jeroen D. C.,Overkleeft, Herman S.
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p. 2661 - 2677
(2015/04/27)
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- A new tool to assess ceramide bioactivity: 6-Bromo-7-hydroxycoumarinyl- caged ceramide
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The bioactivity of natural, long-chain ceramides has until now been studied after its delivery to cells in organic solvent mixtures containing dodecane. We have synthesized ceramides conjugated to a (6-bromo-7-hydroxycoumarin-4-yl) methyl group. The photo
- Kim, Young Ah,Ramirez, Daniel M. Carter,Costain, Willard J.,Johnston, Linda J.,Bittman, Robert
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body text
p. 9236 - 9238
(2011/09/20)
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- The synthesis and biological characterization of a ceramide library
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A facile synthesis of a combinatorial ceramide library and their activities in the NF-κB pathway and in apoptosis induction/prevention were demonstrated. A novel NF-κB activating molecule was discovered among ceramide containing β-galactose, and the structural requirements of ceramides for apoptosis induction was elucidated. Copyright
- Chang, Young-Tae,Choi, Jaehwa,Ding, Sheng,Prieschl, Eva E.,Baumruker, Thomas,Lee, Jae-Mok,Chung, Sung-Kee,Schultz, Peter G.
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p. 1856 - 1857
(2007/10/03)
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- A Stereocontrolled, Efficient Synthetic Route to Bioactive Sphingolipids: Synthesis of Phytosphingosine and Phytoceramides from Unsaturated Ester Precursors via Cyclic Sulfate Intermediates
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An efficient and highly enantioselective method for the preparation of D-ribo- and L-lyxo-phytosphingosines (1a,b, respectively) and phytoceramides (2a,b) has been developed. The key steps in the syntheses are as follows: (i) osmium-catalyzed asymmetric dihydroxylation of 4-O-protected (E)-α,β-unsaturated ester 5 (generated by dihydroxylation of 1-hexadecene, followed by oxidation to the aldehyde and Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination), (ii) conversion to cyclic sulfate intermediate 7, and (iii) regioselective α-azidation of 7. Reduction of 4-O-protected 2-azido ester 8 via α-azidolactone 9 afforded phytosphingosine 1a. Staudinger reduction of the azido group of 8, followed by in situ N-acylation in aqueous media and reduction of the ester functionality with NaBH4/LiBr, provided phytoceramide 2a. By using a similar approach, phytosphingosine 1b was synthesized. D-erythro-4,5-Dihydrosphingosine 1c and D-erythro-4,5-dihydroceramide 2c were synthesized in high yield from 1-hexadecanol via cyclic sulfate intermediate 15. The desired configurations at C-2, C-3, and C-4 of the sphingoid chain can be accessed readily by the route described here.
- He, Linli,Byun, Hoe-Sup,Bittman, Robert
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p. 7618 - 7626
(2007/10/03)
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- Method of making primary amide derivative
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A method of selective N-acylation of an aminodiol having a primary alcoholic hydroxyl group and a secondary alcoholic hydroxyl group, in which the objective product can be prepared in high yield and without troublesome extraction and purification operations. More particularly, a method of making a primary amide derivative represented by the following general formula (3) is disclosed: STR1 wherein R1 represents a linear saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 11 to 19 carbon atoms, R2 represents a linear saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 9 to 19 carbon atoms which may have a hydroxyl group at the 1-position, which includes the steps of reacting an aminodiol represented by the following general formula (1): STR2 wherein R1 is the same as R1 in general formula (3) with a fatty acid alkyl ester represented by the following general formula (2): wherein R2 is the same as R2 in general formula (3) and R3 represents a lower alkyl group, in a reaction system comprising an alcoholic solvent and in the presence of a basic catalyst, said reacting step forming a lower alcohol as a by-product; and removing the lower alcohol formed during the reaction from the reaction system.
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