- Real-time quantification of nuclear RNA export using an intracellular relocation probe
-
Nuclear RNA export into the cytoplasm is one of the key steps in protein expression to realize biological functions. Despite the broad availability of nucleic acid dyes, tracking and quantifying the highly dynamic process of RNA export in live cells is challenging. When dye-labeled RNA enters the cytoplasm, the dye molecules are released upon degradation of the RNA, allowing them to re-enter the cell nucleus. As a result, the ratio between the dye exported with RNA into the cytoplasm and the portion staying inside the nucleus cannot be determined. To address this common limitation, we report the design of a smart probe that can only check into the nucleus once. When adding to cells, this probe rapidly binds with nuclear RNAs in live cells and reacts with intrinsic H2S. This reaction not only activates the fluorescence for RNA tracking but also changes the structure of probe and consequently its intracellular localization. After disassociating from exported RNAs in cytoplasm, the probe preferentially enters lysosomes rather than cell nucleus, enabling real-time quantitative measurement of nuclear RNA exports. Using this probe, we successfully evaluated the effects of hormones and cancer drugs on nuclear RNA export in live cells. Interestingly, we found that hormones inhibiting RNA exports can partially offset the effect of chemotherapy.
- Chen, Juan,Han, Guangmei,Han, Mingyong,Liu, Bianhua,Liu, Guodong,Liu, Zhengjie,Shen, Jie,Wang, Dong,Zhang, Ruilong,Zhang, Zhongping
-
supporting information
(2022/01/24)
-
- 9-Azidoacridine and 9-acridinylnitrene
-
Matrix photolysis as well as flash vacuum thermolysis (FVT) of 9-azidoacridine affords 9-acridinylnitrene, which is characterized by its IR and ESR spectra and is photochemically inert. FVT above 600 -C yields a mixture of the five isomeric cyanocarbazoles. Microwave-assisted reaction with diethyl- and dipropylamines in solution affords acridinylformamidine and acridinylpropionamidine, respectively. Microwave-assisted reaction with dimethylamine causes nucleophilic displacement of the azido group. Microwave-assisted 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition with phenylacetylene yields the two regioisomeric 9-(4- and 5-phenyl-1, 2, 3-triazol-1-yl)acridines, whose structures were established by Xray crystallography.
- Taherpour, Avat Arman,Kvaskoff, David,Bernhardt, Paul V.,Wentrup, Curt
-
p. 382 - 389
(2011/08/03)
-
- Dication Ethers, 3. Substitution Reactions on Bis(acridinium) Ethers and 9-Trifloxyacridinium Salts by Halides, Pseudohalides and Sulfur Nucleophiles
-
9-Trifloxyacridinium salts 3a, b and 9,9'-oxy-bis(acridinium) salts 4a, b which are easily obtained from the 9-acridones 2a, b react readily with halides, pseudohalides and sulfur nucleophiles to give 9-substituted acridinium ions.This reaction represents an efficient alternative to the commonly used transformation of 9-chloroacridinium into other substituted acridinium salts; the two-step conversion of the carbonyl compound into a (pseudo)halide-substituted carbenium ion or into a thione may be generally applicable to ketones which can be transformed either into trifloxy carbenium ions or into dication ethers. - Keywords: Bis(acridinium) Ethers, 9-Substituted Acridinium Ions
- Singer, Berndt,Maas, Gerhard
-
p. 1399 - 1408
(2007/10/02)
-