- Total synthesis of dehaloperophoramidine using a highly diastereoselective Hosomi-Sakurai reaction
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The synthesis of dehaloperophoramidine, a non-halogenated derivative of the marine natural product perophoramidine, and its biological activity towards HCT116, HT29 and LoVo colorectal carcinoma cells is reported. A [3,3]-Claisen rearrangement and an epoxide opening/allylsilylation reaction installed the contiguous all-carbon quaternary stereocentres with the required relative stereochemistry.
- Wilkie, Ross. P.,Neal, Andrew R.,Johnston, Craig A.,Voute, Nicholas,Lancefield, Christopher S.,Stell, Matthew D.,Medda, Federico,Makiyi, Edward F.,Turner, Emma M.,Stephen Ojo,Slawin, Alexandra M. Z.,Lebl, Tomas,Mullen, Peter,Harrison, David J.,Ireland, Chris M.,Westwood, Nicholas J.
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Read Online
- Covalent Inhibition of Bacterial Urease by Bifunctional Catechol-Based Phosphonates and Phosphinates
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In this study, a new class of bifunctional inhibitors of bacterial ureases, important molecular targets for antimicrobial therapies, was developed. The structures of the inhibitors consist of a combination of a phosphonate or (2-carboxyethyl)phosphinate functionality with a catechol-based fragment, which are designed for complexation of the catalytic nickel ions and covalent bonding with the thiol group of Cys322, respectively. Compounds with three types of frameworks, including β-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-, α-3,4-dihydroxybenzyl-, and α-3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene-substituted derivatives, exhibited complex and varying structure-dependent kinetics of inhibition. Among irreversible binders, methyl β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-β-(2-carboxyethyl)phosphorylpropionate was observed to be a remarkably reactive inhibitor of Sporosarcina pasteurii urease (kinact/KI = 10 420 s-1 M-1). The high potential of this group of compounds was also confirmed in Proteus mirabilis whole-cell-based inhibition assays. Some compounds followed slow-binding and reversible kinetics, e.g., methyl β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-β-phosphonopropionate, with Ki? = 0.13 μM, and an atypical low dissociation rate (residence time τ = 205 min).
- Pagoni, Aikaterini,Grabowiecka, Agnieszka,Tabor, Wojciech,Mucha, Artur,Vassiliou, Stamatia,Berlicki, ?ukasz
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supporting information
p. 404 - 416
(2021/01/13)
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- New 3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one-based triazole derivatives: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation as antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing agents
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A series of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives based on the quinoline–benzimidazole hybrid scaffold was designed, synthesized, and screened against a panel of NCI-60 humanoid cancer cell lines for in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation, which revealed that compound Q6 was the most potent cytotoxic agent with excellent GI50, TGI, and LC50 values on multiple cancer cell lines. Q6 was tested further on the BT-474 breast cancer line to evaluate the mechanism of action. Preliminary screening studies based on the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay revealed that compound Q6 had an excellent antiproliferative effect against human breast cancer cells, BT-474, with IC50 values of 0.59 ± 0.01 μM. The detailed study based on the acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining (AO/EB) and the 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) assay suggested that the antiproliferative activity shown was due to the induction of apoptosis on exposure to Q6. Further, DCFDA staining showed the generation of reactive oxygen species, altering the mitochondrial potential and leading to the initiation of apoptosis. This was further supported by JC-1 staining, indicating that this scaffold can contribute to the development of more potent derivatives.
- Gaikwad, Nikhil B.,Bansode, Sapana,Biradar, Shankar,Ban, Mayuri,Srinivas, Nanduri,Godugu, Chandraiah,Yaddanapudi, Venkata M.
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- Homologation of Electron-Rich Benzyl Bromide Derivatives via Diazo C-C Bond Insertion
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The ability to manipulate C-C bonds for selective chemical transformations is challenging and represents a growing area of research. Here, we report a formal insertion of diazo compounds into the "unactivated"C-C bond of benzyl bromide derivatives catalyzed by a simple Lewis acid. The homologation reaction proceeds via the intermediacy of a phenonium ion, and the products contain benzylic quaternary centers and an alkyl bromide amenable to further derivatization. Computational analysis provides critical insight into the reaction mechanism, in particular the key selectivity-determining step.
- Alegre-Requena, Juan V.,De Lescure, Louis,Modak, Atanu,Paton, Robert S.,Race, Nicholas J.,Rynders, Kathryn J.
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supporting information
(2021/12/27)
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- Hydrothermal Liquefaction of α-O-4 Aryl Ether Linkages in Lignin
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By using lignin model compounds with relevant key characteristic structural features, the reaction pathways of α-O-4 aryl ether linkages under hydrothermal conditions are elucidated. Experimental results and computational modeling suggest that the α-O-4 linkages in lignin undergo catalyzed hydrolysis and elimination to give phenolic and alkenylbenzene derivatives as major products in subcritical water. The decreased relative permittivity of water at these high temperatures and pressures facilitates the elimination reactions. The alkyl group on the α-carbon and the methoxy groups on the phenyl rings both have positive effects on the rate of conversion of α-O-4 linkages in native lignin.
- Lui, Matthew Y.,Chan, Bun,Yuen, Alexander K. L.,Masters, Anthony F.,Maschmeyer, Thomas
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p. 2002 - 2006
(2020/03/05)
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- Photochemical benzylic bromination in continuous flow using BrCCl3 and its application to telescoped p-methoxybenzyl protection
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BrCCl3 represents a rarely used benzylic brominating reagent with complementary reactivity to other reagents. Its reactivity has been revisited in continuous flow, revealing compatibility with electron-rich aromatic substrates. This has brought about the development of a p-methoxybenzyl bromide generator for PMB protection, which was successfully demonstrated on a pharmaceutically relevant intermediate on 11 g scale, giving 91% yield and a PMB-Br space-time-yield of 1.27 kg L?1 h?1
- Otake, Yuma,Williams, Jason D.,Rincón, Juan A.,De Frutos, Oscar,Mateos, Carlos,Kappe, C. Oliver
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supporting information
p. 1384 - 1388
(2019/02/14)
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- Nitrogen-containing heterocycle derivatives and applications thereof
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The invention discloses nitrogen-containing heterocycle derivatives and applications thereof, relates to compounds of a general formula (V), a preparing method thereof and applications of the compounds in medicines, and more particularly relates to compound derivatives of compounds shown as the general formula (V), a preparing method thereof and uses of the derivatives in medicines preventing andtreating hyperlipemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, fatty degeneration of liver, diabetes mellitus type 2, hyperglycemia, obesity or insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome and resisting antitumor, with the derivatives being adopted as therapeutic agents. The compounds disclosed by the invention can also reduce total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride, can increase liver LDL receptor expression, and inhibit PCSK9 expression.
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- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrimidinedione derivatives as DPP-4 inhibitors
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A series of novel pyrimidinedione derivatives were designed and evaluated for in vitro dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitory activity and in vivo anti-hyperglycemic efficacy. Among them, the representative compounds 11, 15 and 16 showed excellent inhibitory activity of DPP-4 with IC50 values of 64.47 nM, 188.7 nM and 65.36 nM, respectively. Further studies revealed that compound 11 was potent in vivo hypoglycemic effect. The structure–activity relationships of these pyrimidinedione derivatives had been discussed, which would be useful for developing novel DPP-4 inhibitors as treating type 2 diabetes.
- Li, Ning,Wang, Li-Jun,Jiang, Bo,Guo, Shu-Ju,Li, Xiang-Qian,Chen, Xue-Chun,Luo, Jiao,Li, Chao,Wang, Yi,Shi, Da-Yong
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p. 2131 - 2135
(2018/05/25)
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- Discovery of boron-containing compounds as Aβ aggregation inhibitors and antioxidants for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
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A novel series of boron-containing compounds were designed, synthesized and evaluated as multi-target-directed ligands against Alzheimer's disease. The biological activity results demonstrated that these compounds possessed a significant ability to inhibit self-induced Aβ aggregation (20.5-82.8%, 20 μM) and to act as potential antioxidants (oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay using fluorescein (ORAC-FL) values of 2.70-5.87). In particular, compound 17h is a potential lead compound for AD therapy (IC50 = 3.41 μM for self-induced Aβ aggregation; ORAC-FL value = 4.55). Compound 17h also functions as a metal chelator. These results indicated that boron-containing compounds could be new structural scaffolds for the treatment of AD.
- Lu, Chuan-Jun,Hu, Jinhui,Wang, Zechen,Xie, Shishun,Pan, Tingting,Huang, Ling,Li, Xingshu
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p. 1862 - 1870
(2018/11/24)
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- Synthesis of (+)-salvianolic acid A from sodium Danshensu
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(+)-Salvianolic acid A, one of the most active components in the traditional Chinese medicine Danshen, has been synthesized over 10 steps in 6.5% overall yield. Starting from inexpensive ortho-vanillin and sodium Danshensu (synthesized via asymmetric catalysis in our group), the process consists of the following: A Wittig reaction that gives the desire product with absolute E-configuration, a demethylation reaction with AlCl3 in a satisfactory yield, and a practical deprotection of allylic groups to afford the terminal product (+)-salvianolic acid A. The current synthetic technology possesses the advantages of using inexpensive starting materials, mild reaction conditions and has the potential for use in large scale synthesis.
- Xu, Kai,Liu, Hao,Liu, Delong,Sheng, Cheng,Shen, Jiefeng,Zhang, Wanbin
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p. 5996 - 6002
(2018/09/06)
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- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted aminopyridazin-3(2H)-ones as G0/G1-phase arresting agents with apoptosis-inducing activities
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A series of aminopyridazin-3(2H)-one derivatives has been designed and synthesized. Their antiproliferative activities were evaluated against three human cancer cell lines (SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma, K562 human myelogenous leukemia and AGS gastric cancer cell lines) using the MTT assay. The preliminary activity test displayed that compound 8a exhibited comparable activities against all test cells with the positive control fluorouracil. Meanwhile compounds 8b, 8e and 9c-e displayed selective antiproliferative activities for SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, compounds 8a-b with low-micromole GI50 value for SH-SY5Y cells induced apoptosis with cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase in SH-SY5Y cells in a dose-dependent manner.
- Ge, Bing-Chen,Feng, Hong-Fang,Cheng, Yu-Fang,Wang, Hai-Tao,Xi, Bao-Ming,Yang, Xue-Mei,Xu, Jiang-Ping,Zhou, Zhong-Zhen
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supporting information
p. 440 - 445
(2017/10/17)
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- Light-Induced Alkylation of (Hetero)aromatic Nitriles in a Transition-Metal-Free C-C-Bond Metathesis
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A light-induced C-C-σ-bond metathesis was achieved through transition-metal-free activation of an unstrained C(sp3)-C(sp3)-σ-bond in 1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines. A photoredox-mediated single-electron oxidation of these precursor amines yield radical cations which undergo a homolytic cleavage of a C(sp3)-C(sp3)-σ-bond rather than the well-known α-C-H-scission. The resulting carbon-centered radicals are used in the ipso-substitution of (hetero)aromatic nitriles proceeding through another single-electron transfer-mediated C-C-bond cleavage and formation.
- Lipp, Benjamin,Lipp, Alexander,Detert, Heiner,Opatz, Till
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supporting information
p. 2054 - 2057
(2017/04/27)
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- Enzyme-Mediated Directional Transport of a Small-Molecule Walker with Chemically Identical Feet
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We describe a small-molecule "walker" that uses enzyme catalysis to discriminate between the relative positions of its "feet" on a track and thereby move with net directionality. The bipedal walker has identical carboxylic acid feet, and "steps" along an isotactic hydroxyl-group-derivatized polyether track by the formation/breakage of ester linkages. Lipase AS catalyzes the selective hydrolysis of the rear foot of macrocyclized walkers (an information ratchet mechanism), the rear foot producing an (R)-stereocenter at its point of attachment to the track. If the hydrolyzed foot reattaches to the track in front of the bound foot it forms an (S)-stereocenter, which is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis. Only macrocyclic walker-track conjugates are efficiently hydrolyzed by the enzyme, leading to high processivity of the walker movement along the track. Conventional chemical reagents promote formation of the ester bonds between the walker and the track. Iterative macrocyclization and hydrolysis reactions lead to 68% of walkers taking two steps directionally along a three-foothold track.
- Martin, Christopher J.,Lee, Alan T. L.,Adams, Ralph W.,Leigh, David A.
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supporting information
p. 11998 - 112002
(2017/09/07)
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- Design and synthesis of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole linked triazole conjugates: Microtubule-destabilizing agents
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A series of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole linked triazole conjugates were synthesized by using Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cyclo-addition reaction (click chemistry approach) and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against some human cancer cell lines like, HeLa (cervical), DU-145 (prostate), A549 (lung), MCF-7 (breast) and HepG2 (liver). Among them, Conjugates 4g and 4h demonstrated a significant antiproliferative effect against human lung cancer cells (A549) with IC50values of 0.92 and 0.78 μM respectively. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that these conjugates induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase in A549 lung cancer cells. The tubulin polymerization assay and immunofluorescence analysis showed that these conjugates effectively inhibit microtubule assembly in cell free and cell based (A549) experiment respectively. Moreover, the apoptosis inducing properties were evaluated by Hoechst staining, mitochondrial membrane potential and Annexin V-FITC assay. Further, western blot analysis was performed for proapoptotic protein Bax and antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and the results demonstrated that there was up regulation of Bax and down regulation of Bcl-2 suggesting that these compounds induced apoptosis in human lung cancer cells, A549.
- Shaik, Siddiq Pasha,Nayak, V. Lakshma,Sultana, Faria,Rao, A.V. Subba,Shaik, Anver Basha,Babu, Korrapati Suresh,Kamal, Ahmed
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- Design and synthesis of 1,2,3-triazolo linked benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole conjugates as tubulin polymerization inhibitors
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1,2,3-Triazolo linked benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole conjugates (5a–v) were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic potency against some human cancer cell lines like DU-145 (prostate), HeLa (cervical), MCF-7 (breast) HepG2 (liver) and A549 (lung). Preliminary results revealed that some of these conjugates like 5f and 5k exhibited significant antiproliferative effect against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) with IC50 values of 0.60 and 0.78?μM respectively. Flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle demonstrated an increase in the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase which was further authenticated by elevation of cyclin B1 protein levels. Immunocytochemistry revealed loss of intact microtubule structure in cells treated with 5f and 5k, and western blot analysis revealed that these conjugates accumulated more tubulin in the soluble fraction. Moreover, the conjugates caused apoptosis of the cells that was confirmed by mitochondrial membrane potential and Annexin V-FITC assay. Molecular docking studies indicated that these conjugates occupy the colchicine binding site of the tubulin protein.
- Shaik, Siddiq Pasha,Vishnuvardhan,Sultana, Faria,Subba Rao,Bagul, Chandrakant,Bhattacharjee, Debanjan,Kapure, Jeevak Sopanrao,Jain, Nishant,Kamal, Ahmed
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p. 3285 - 3297
(2017/05/29)
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- A concise and efficient synthesis of tetrahydroquinoline alkaloids using the phase transfer mediated Wittig olefination reaction
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The present study describes the total synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline alkaloids (±)-galipinine, (±)-cuspareine, (±)-galipeine and (±)-angustureine, in three steps and high yields (78%, 76%, 74%, and 66%, respectively) from common aldehyde and the ylide respectives. The key step of this approach is based on an unusual Wittig reaction by using the phase transfer medium (aq. NaOH/CH2Cl2 1:1 or t-BuOK/t-BuOH/CH2Cl2 1:1), affording olefinic intermediates in high yields.
- Diaz-Mu?oz, Gaspar,Isidorio, Raquel Geralda,Miranda, Izabel Luzia,de Souza Dias, Gabriel Nunes,Diaz, Marisa Alves Nogueira
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supporting information
p. 3311 - 3315
(2017/07/27)
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- Visible-Light-Induced Cyclization of Electron-Enriched Phenyl Benzyl Sulfides: Synthesis of Tetrahydrofurans and Tetrahydropyrans
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A new approach to the preparation of tetrahydrofurans and tetrahydropyrans through a photoredox catalytic process is described. The introduction of a phenylsulfanyl auxiliary group permits the substrates to be readily oxidized to form cationic intermediates for sequential intramolecular cyclization. The method features mild reaction conditions and operational simplicity.
- Li, Wei,Yang, Chao,Gao, Guo-Lin,Xia, Wujiong
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supporting information
p. 1391 - 1396
(2016/06/01)
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- An efficient and selective method for the iodination and bromination of alcohols under mild conditions
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A straightforward and effective procedure for the conversion of a variety of alcohols into the corresponding alkyl iodides and bromides is described using KX/P2O5 (X = I, Br). The reactions were easily carried out in acetonitrile under mild conditions. Using this method, the selective conversion of benzylic alcohols in the presence of aliphatic alcohols was achieved.
- Khazdooz, Leila,Zarei, Amin,Aghaei, Hamidreza,Azizi, Ghobad,Gheisari, Mohammad Mehdi
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p. 168 - 171
(2015/12/30)
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- Development of Tetrachlorophthalimides as Liver X Receptor β (LXRβ)-Selective Agonists
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Liver X receptor (LXR) agonists are candidates for the treatment of atherosclerosis via induction of ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette A1) gene expression, which contributes to reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and to cholesterol efflux from the liver and intestine. However, LXR agonists also induce genes involved in lipogenesis, such as SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory binding element protein 1c) and FAS (fatty acid synthase), thereby causing an undesirable increase in plasma and hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels. Recent studies indicate that LXRα contributes to lipogenesis in liver, and selective LXRβ activation improves RCT in mice. Therefore, LXRβ-selective agonists are promising candidates to improve atherosclerosis without increasing plasma or hepatic TG levels. However, the ligand-binding domains in the two LXR isoforms α/β share high sequence identity, and few LXR ligands show subtype selectivity. In this study we identified a tetrachlorophthalimide analogue as an LXRβ-selective agonist. Structural development led to (E)-4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2-(2-styrylphenyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (24 a), which shows potent and selective LXRβ agonistic activity in reporter gene assays. In binding assays, compound 24 a bound to LXRβ preferentially over LXRα. It also induced the expression of ABCA1 mRNA but not SREBP-1c mRNA in cells. Compound 24 a appears to be a promising lead compound for therapeutic agents to treat atherosclerosis without the side effects induced by LXRα/β dual agonists.
- Nomura, Sayaka,Endo-Umeda, Kaori,Makishima, Makoto,Hashimoto, Yuichi,Ishikawa, Minoru
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p. 2347 - 2360
(2016/10/25)
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- Synthesis of 2-anilinopyridyl-triazole conjugates as antimitotic agents
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A series of 2-anilinopyridyl-triazole conjugates (6a-t) were prepared and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against a panel of three human cancer cell lines. Among them compounds 6q, 6r and 6s showed significant cytotoxic activity with IC50 values ranging from 0.1 to 4.1 μM. Structure-activity relationships were elucidated with various substitutions on these conjugates. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that these compounds arrest the cell cycle at the G2/M phase and induce cell death by apoptosis. The tubulin polymerization assay and immunofluorescence analysis showed that these compounds (6q, 6r and 6s) effectively inhibited the microtubule assembly in human prostate cancer cells (DU-145). The docking studies showed that 6s interacts and binds efficiently with the tubulin protein at the colchicine binding site. This was further confirmed by the colchicine competitive binding assay. Moreover, compounds 6q, 6r and 6s possess anti-tubulin activity both in vitro and within cells as demonstrated by the ratio of soluble versus polymerized tubulin. Further the apoptotic effects of compounds were confirmed by Hoechst staining, caspase 3 activation, annexin-V FITC, mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA fragmentation analysis. Interestingly, these compounds did not affect the normal human embryonic kidney cells, HEK-293.
- Kamal, Ahmed,Subba Rao,Vishnuvardhan,Srinivas Reddy,Swapna, Konderu,Bagul, Chandrakant,Subba Reddy,Srinivasulu, Vunnam
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p. 4879 - 4895
(2015/05/05)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrazolo-triazole hybrids as cytotoxic and apoptosis inducing agents
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A series of pyrazolo-triazole hybrids were designed and synthesized by combining the 1,3-diphenyl pyrazole and triazole scaffolds to obtain (1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methanones. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their anticancer activity against four tumor cell lines, viz. HT-29 (colon), PC-3 (prostate), A549 (lung), and U87MG (glioblastoma) cells. Most of the tested compounds showed moderate to potent cell growth inhibition on different cancer cells, in particular, the compounds 17, 23, and 29 exhibited promising cytotoxicity against these cell lines with the IC50 values in the range of 0.86-3.72 μM. In addition, the potential mechanism of cell growth inhibition and apoptotic induction by these compounds was investigated in U87MG cancer cells using cell-based assays, including wound healing assay, flow cytometry, Hoechst staining, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, Annexin V-FITC/propidium Iodide dual staining, Rhodamine 123 staining, and carboxy-DCFDA staining. The results indicate that the compounds induce apoptosis in U87MG cells via mitochondrial pathway through up-regulation of pro-apoptotic (Bax) and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) genes. Based on these studies, three compounds 17, 23 and 29 have been identified as promising new molecules that have the potential to be developed as leads.
- Srinivasa Reddy,Kulhari, Hitesh,Ganga Reddy,Subba Rao,Bansal, Vipul,Kamal, Ahmed,Shukla, Ravi
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p. 10136 - 10149
(2015/10/20)
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- Styrylphenylphthalimides as Novel Transrepression-Selective Liver X Receptor (LXR) Modulators
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Anti-inflammatory effects of liver X receptor (LXR) ligands are thought to be largely due to LXR-mediated transrepression, whereas side effects are caused by activation of LXR-responsive gene expression (transactivation). Therefore, selective LXR modulators that preferentially exhibit transrepression activity should exhibit anti-inflammatory properties with fewer side effects. Here, we synthesized a series of styrylphenylphthalimide analogues and evaluated their structure-activity relationships focusing on LXRs-transactivating-agonistic/antagonistic activities and transrepressional activity. Among the compounds examined, 17l showed potent LXR-transrepressional activity with high selectivity over transactivating activity and did not show characteristic side effects of LXR-transactivating agonists in cells. This representative compound, 17l, was confirmed to have LXR-dependent transrepressional activity and to bind directly to LXRβ. Compound 17l should be useful not only as a chemical tool for studying the biological functions of LXRs transrepression but also as a candidate for a safer agent to treat inflammatory diseases.
- Nomura, Sayaka,Endo-Umeda, Kaori,Aoyama, Atsushi,Makishima, Makoto,Hashimoto, Yuichi,Ishikawa, Minoru
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supporting information
p. 902 - 907
(2015/08/24)
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- CuI-catalyzed coupling of gem-dibromovinylanilides and sulfonamides: An efficient method for the synthesis of 2-amidoindoles and indolo[1,2-a] quinazolines
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A Cu(I)-catalyzed, intermolecular protocol for the synthesis of 2-amidoindoles and tetrahydroindolo[1,2-a]quinazolines in shorter time and high yields is reported. The key highlight of this disclosure is the formation of 2-amidoindole and tetrahydroindolo[1,2-a]quinazoline moieties directly from gem-dibromovinylanilides and sulfonamides in a one-pot fashion through the in situ formation of ynamides followed by a base-promoted intramolecular hydroamidation.
- Kiruthika, Selvarangam E.,Perumal, Paramasivan Thirumalai
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p. 484 - 487
(2014/04/03)
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- Synthesis of 2-alkoxy and 2-benzyloxy analogues of estradiol as anti-breast cancer agents through microtubule stabilization
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2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2) is an investigational anticancer drug. In the present study, 2-alkoxyesters/acid and 2-benzyloxy analogues of estradiol have been synthesized as analogues of 2ME2. Three of the derivatives exhibited significant anticancer activity against human breast cancer cell lines. The best analogue of the series i.e. 24 showed stabilization of tubulin polymerisation process. It was substantiated by confocal microscopy and molecular docking studies where 24 occupied 'paclitaxel binding pocketg€ to stabilize the polymerisation process. Compound 24 significantly inhibited MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50: 7 μM) and induced arrest of cell cycle and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. In acute oral toxicity, 24 was found to be non-toxic and well tolerated in Swiss albino mice up to 1000 mg/kg dose.
- Sathish Kumar,Kumar, Amit,Singh, Jyotsna,Hasanain, Mohammad,Singh, Arjun,Fatima, Kaneez,Yadav, Dharmendra K.,Shukla, Vinay,Luqman, Suaib,Khan, Feroz,Chanda, Debabrata,Sarkar, Jayanta,Konwar, Rituraj,Dwivedi, Anila,Negi, Arvind S.
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p. 740 - 751
(2015/02/19)
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- Synthesis and bioactivity of resveratrol analogues
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It has been reported that resveratrol enhanced SIRT1 expression and significantly mimicked calorie restriction by stimulating Sir2 which is the most homologic homologue of SIRT1 of mammalian. A series of novel resveratrol derivatives were designed and synthesized as novel SIRT1 activator candidates. These synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral (1H NMR) analysis and examined for their Sir2 activation against yeast parental strain-BY4743 at a concentration of 100 μM/L by Bioscreen C MBR machine. Several compounds showed a promising Sir2 activation activity compared with resveratrol. Meanwhile, the structure-activity relationships with Sirt2 activation activities were also discussed.
- Ao, Junli,Chen, Yuanmou,Xu, Xiaoling,Zhang, Xu,Yu, Yue,Yu, Peng,Hua, Erbing
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p. 2092 - 2098
(2014/06/09)
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- Fe(TAML)Li/(diacetoxyiodo)benzene-mediated oxidation of alcohols: Evidence for mild and selective C-O and C-C oxidative cleavage in lignin model transformations
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A novel combination of Fe(TAML)Li and (diacetoxyiodo)- benzene for the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols at 25 °C in acetone is reported. In view of the interesting ability of this system to selectively cleave specific types of C-C bonds of elaborated alcohols, the application of this novel combination to the oxidative cleavage of lignin model molecules was investigated. Considering the numerous supported versions of the oxidant as well as the mild conditions employed, the developed methodology appears to be a promising lignin depolymerization strategy.
- Napoly, Francois,Jean-Gerard, Ludivine,Goux-Henry, Catherine,Draye, Micheline,Andrioletti, Bruno
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supporting information
p. 781 - 787
(2014/03/21)
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- ISATIN COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR TREATMENT OF DEGENERATIVE DISEASES AND DISORDERS
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Provided herein are compounds of the formula (I): as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the substituents are as those disclosed in the specification. These compounds, and the pharmaceutical compositions containing them, are useful for the treatment of degenerative diseases and disorders.
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Paragraph 0202; 0203
(2014/09/30)
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- Euodenine A: A small-molecule agonist of human TLR4
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A small-molecule natural product, euodenine A (1), was identified as an agonist of the human TLR4 receptor. Euodenine A was isolated from the leaves of Euodia asteridula (Rutaceae) found in Papua New Guinea and has an unusual U-shaped structure. It was synthesized along with a series of analogues that exhibit potent and selective agonism of the TLR4 receptor. SAR development around the cyclobutane ring resulted in a 10-fold increase in potency. The natural product demonstrated an extracellular site of action, which requires the extracellular domain of TLR4 to stimulate a NF-κB reporter response. 1 is a human-selective agonist that is CD14-independent, and it requires both TLR4 and MD-2 for full efficacy. Testing for immunomodulation in PBMC cells shows the induction of the cytokines IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and IL-12p40 as well as suppression of IL-5 from activated PBMCs, indicating that compounds like 1 could modulate the Th2 immune response without causing lung damage.
- Neve, Juliette E.,Wijesekera, Hasanthi P.,Duffy, Sandra,Jenkins, Ian D.,Ripper, Justin A.,Teague, Simon J.,Campitelli, Marc,Garavelas, Agatha,Nikolakopoulos, George,Le, Phuc V.,De A. Leone, Priscila,Pham, Ngoc B.,Shelton, Philip,Fraser, Neil,Carroll, Anthony R.,Avery, Vicky M.,McCrae, Christopher,Williams, Nicola,Quinn, Ronald J.
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p. 1252 - 1275
(2014/03/21)
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- Synthesis of 8-amino-(dihydrofuran-fused perhydrophenanthrene) via copper-mediated amination reaction
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Introduction of nitrogen substituents on a highly functionalized dihydrofuran-fused perhydrophenanthrene (DF) core was examined. Acetamide functionality could be introduced on the DF by copper-mediated Buchwald-type coupling. On the other hand, installation of free amino group on a DF was established via an aryl azide under the copper-mediated condition reported by Helquist and co-workers.
- Sugimoto, Kenji,Tamura, Kosuke,Toyooka, Noaki,Matsuya, Yuji
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p. 755 - 763
(2016/10/23)
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- Synthesis of combretastatin A4 analogues on steroidal framework and their anti-breast cancer activity
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Combretastatin A4 analogues were synthesized on steroidal framework from gallic acid with a possibility of anti-breast cancer agents. Twenty two analogues were synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 & MDA-MB 231). The best analogue 22 showed potent antitubulin effect. Docking experiments also supported strong binding affinity of 22 to microtubule polymerase. In cell cycle analysis, 22 induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells significantly. It was found to be non-toxic up to 300 mg/kg dose in Swiss albino mice in acute oral toxicity. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Synthesis and biological testing of steroid derivatives as inhibitors".
- Parihar, Swati,Kumar, Amit,Chaturvedi, Amit K.,Sachan, Naresh Kumar,Luqman, Suaib,Changkija, Bendangla,Manohar, Murli,Prakash, Om,Chanda,Khan, Feroz,Chanotiya,Shanker, Karuna,Dwivedi, Anila,Konwar, Rituraj,Negi, Arvind S.
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p. 332 - 344
(2013/11/19)
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- Restraining the flexibility of the central linker in terameprocol results in constrained analogs with improved growth inhibitory activity
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The semi-synthetic lignan terameprocol inhibits the transcription of several inflammatory and oncogenic genes and has been evaluated for its anti-cancer properties. Here we investigated the effect of restricting the flexibility of the carbon linker connecting the terminal rings of terameprocol on its growth inhibitory activity. Conformational restriction was explored by introducing unsaturation, inserting polar entities with limited flexibility and cyclization of the connecting linker. Twenty three compounds were synthesized and evaluated on a panel of malignant human cells. The most promising compounds were those with non-polar linkers, as seen in butadiene 1a and the cyclized benzylideneindane analog 7. Both compounds were more potent than terameprocol on pancreatic BxPC-3 cells with GI50 values of 3.4 and 8.1 μM, respectively. Selected isomers of 1a (E,E) and 7 (Z) adopted low energy bent conformations that mimicked the low energy conformer of terameprocol. It is tempting to propose that conformational similarity to terameprocol may have contributed to their good activity. The scaffolds of 1a and 7 should be further investigated for their anticancer potential.
- Ho, Sherman Si Han,Go, Mei Lin
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supporting information
p. 6127 - 6133
(2013/11/06)
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- Synthesis and in vitro antibacterial activity of gemifloxacin derivatives containing a substituted benzyloxime moiety
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A series of novel gemifloxacin (GMFX) derivatives containing a substituted benzyloxime moiety with remarkable improvement in lipophilicity were synthesized. The target compounds evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against representative strains. Our results reveal that most of the target compounds have considerable potency against all of the tested Gram-positive strains including MRSA and MRSE (MIC: 90: 1 μg/mL) is 8-fold more active than GMFX, and 2-fold more active than GMFX and moxifloxacin against MRSE clinical isolates (MIC90: 4 μg/mL). Crown Copyright
- Feng, Lianshun,Lv, Kai,Liu, Mingliang,Wang, Shuo,Zhao, Jing,You, Xuefu,Li, Sujie,Cao, Jue,Guo, Huiyuan
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p. 125 - 136
(2012/11/07)
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- SUBSTITUTED 6,7-DIALKOXY-3-ISOQUINOLINOL DERIVATIVES AS INHIBITORS OF PHOSPHODIESTERASE 10 (PDE10A)
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The invention relates to compounds of the formula wherein R′, R1, through R7 and Ar are as defined herein. These compounds are useful as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 10 (PDE10A) which are useful in treating central nervous system diseases such as psychosis and also in treating, for example, obesity, type II diabetes, metabolic syndrome, glucose intolerance, pain and ophthalmic diseases.
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Page/Page column 24-25
(2012/09/05)
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- Synthesis and biological activity of pyridopyridazin-6-one p38α MAP kinase inhibitors. Part 2
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This manuscript concludes the Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) on the pyridazinone scaffold and identifies a compound with subnanomolar p38α activity and 24 h coverage in the rat arthritis efficacy model.
- Tynebor, Robert M.,Chen, Meng-Hsin,Natarajan, Swaminathan R.,O'Neill, Edward A.,Thompson, James E.,Fitzgerald, Catherine E.,O'Keefe, Stephen J.,Doherty, James B.
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p. 5971 - 5975
(2012/11/07)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of isosteric analogs of mandipropamid for the control of oomycete pathogens
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A series of isosteric analogs of mandipropamid were designed and synthesized via 'click chemistry'. The amide bond of mandipropamid was substituted by a 1,2,3-triazole functional group. The bioassay results have indicated that some of the title compounds exhibited moderate fungicidal activity against Pseudoperonospora cubensis, and the activity has been systematically studied as a function of molecular structure. The low activity of the mandipropamid analog that contains a lipid chain is likely due to the presence of a weak hydrogen bond donor in the 1,2,3-triazole. Furthermore, we have performed the molecular modeling and found that N-methylamide could be more effective than amide as the surrogates to 1,2,3-triazole, which ultimately leads to a longer distance (1.1A longer) between the two substitutes in the 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole compound.
- Su, Na,Wang, Zhen-Jun,Wang, Li-Zhong,Zhang, Xiao,Dong, Wei-Li,Wang, Hong-Xue,Li, Zheng-Ming,Zhao, Wei-Guang
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p. 101 - 111
(2012/06/01)
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- Synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids via anodic cyanation as the key step
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We report a new route to tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) alkaloids involving the alkylation of α-aminonitrile 2 as a key step. The latter compound was prepared by anodic cyanation of the corresponding tertiary amine 1. Reductive decyanation of α-aminonitriles 6a-c proceeded diastereoselectively (up to 95% de) to deliver the C1-substituted alkaloids precursors 9a-c. The syntheses of (±)-carnegine, (±)-norlaudanosine, and (±)-O,O- dimethylcoclaurine have been achieved.
- Louafi, Fadila,Hurvois, Jean-Pierre,Chibani, Aissa,Roisnel, Thierry
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 5721 - 5724
(2010/11/04)
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- Separation of α-glucosidase-inhibitory and liver X receptor-antagonistic activities of phenethylphenyl phthalimide analogs and generation of LXRα-selective antagonists
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Liver X receptor (LXR) α/β dual agonists are candidate medicaments for the treatment of metabolic syndrome, because their biological actions include increasing cholesterol efflux mediated by LXRβ. However, their clinical application is currently limited by their enhancing effect on triglyceride (TG) synthesis mediated by LXRα. Combination of an LXRα-selective antagonist with an LXRα/β dual agonist may overcome this disadvantage. In the present work, structural development studies of phenethylphenyl phthalimide 9, which possesses LXRα/β dual-antagonistic activity and α-glucosidase-inhibitory activity, led to the LXRα-selective antagonist 23f. Specific α-glucosidase inhibitors were also obtained.
- Motoshima, Kazunori,Noguchi-Yachide, Tomomi,Sugita, Kazuyuki,Hashimoto, Yuichi,Ishikawa, Minoru
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experimental part
p. 5001 - 5014
(2009/12/24)
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- Wittig-type olefination of alcohols promoted by nickel nanoparticles: Synthesis of polymethoxylated and polyhydroxylated stilbenes
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Nickel nanoparticles were found to promote the Wittig-type olefination of primary alcohols with phosphorus ylides. The latter can be prepared from the corresponding phosphonium salts with TiBuLi or in situ generated with lithium metal. The methodology is especially efficient for the synthesis of stilbenes and is applied in the absence of any additive as a hydrogen acceptor. A new approach, to the synthesis of polymethoxylated and polyhydroxylated stilbenes, including resveratrol, DMU-212 and analogues, is presented.
- Alonso, Francisco,Riente, Paola,Yus, Miguel
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 6034 - 6042
(2010/02/28)
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- Total synthesis of (S)-(+)-tylophorine via enantioselective intramolecular alkene carboamination
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(Chemical Equation Presented) The enantioselective synthesis of (S)-(+)-tylophorine, a potent cancer cell growth inhibitor, has been accomplished in eight steps from commercially available 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol. A copper (II)-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular alkene carboanimation was employed as the key step to construct the chiral indolizidine ring.
- Zeng, Wei,Chemler, Sherry R.
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p. 6045 - 6047
(2008/12/21)
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- Synthesis of 6-methyl-8H-dibenzo[a,g]quinolizin-8-imines via Reissert compounds
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Alkylation of Reissert compounds derived from 3-methylisoquinolines with several 2-cyanobenzylbromides followed by hydrolytic cleavage provided the corresponding 1-benzyl-3-methylisoquinolines. Treatment of the latter with methylmagnesiumiodide caused cyclization to the title compounds rather than formation of 2-acetylbenzylisoquinolines.
- Reimann, Eberhard,Hertel, Rainer,Krauss, Juergen
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experimental part
p. 673 - 684
(2009/07/18)
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- A2A ADENOSINE RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
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The present invention relates to novel compounds that are A2A adenosine receptor antagonists, and to their use in treating mammals for various disease states, such as CNS disorders, including the "movement disorders" (Parkinson's disease, Huntington's Chorea, and catalepsy), and cerebral ischemia, excitotoxicity, cognitive and physiological disorders, depression, ADHD, hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis of the liver, and drug addiction (alcohol, amphetamine, cannabinoids, cocaine, nicotine, and opioids) and to their use in the enhancement of immune response. The invention also relates to methods for the preparation of such compounds, and to pharmaceutical compositions containing them.
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Page/Page column 50
(2008/12/06)
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- Couplings of benzylic halides mediated by titanocene chloride: Synthesis of bibenzyl derivatives
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Titanocene monochloride catalyzes the homocoupling of benzylic halides and benzylic gem-dibromides to give the corresponding bibenzyl and stilbenyl systems. Exposure of benzylic bromides to Ti(III) in the presence of aldehydes gave rise to the Barbier-type products. Examples of the utility of the herein described processes are included.
- Barrero, Alejandro F.,Herrador, M. Mar,Del Moral, Jose F. Quilez,Arteaga, Pilar,Akssira, Mohammed,El Hanbali, Fadwa,Arteaga, Jesus F.,Dieguez, Horacio R.,Sanchez, Elena M.
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p. 2251 - 2254
(2007/10/03)
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- Expanding the structural diversity of self-assembling dendrons and supramolecular dendrimers via complex building blocks
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The design and synthesis of the first examples of AB4 and AB5 dendritic building blocks with complex architecture are reported. Structural and retrostructural analysis of supramolecular dendrimers self-assembled from hybrid dendrons based on different combinations of AB 4 and AB5 building blocks with AB2 and AB 3 benzyl ether dendrons demonstrated that none of these new hybrid dendrons exhibit the previously encountered conformations of libraries of benzyl ether dendrons. These hybrid dendrons enabled the discovery of some highly unusual tapered and conical dendrons generated by the intramolecular backfolding of their repeat units and of their apex. The new back-folded tapered dendrons have double thickness and self-assemble into pine-tree-like columns exhibiting a long-range 7/2 helical order. The back-folded conical dendrons self-assemble into spherical dendrimers. Non-back-folded truncated conical dendrons were also discovered. They self-assemble into spherical dendrimers with a less densely packed center. The discovery of dendrons displaying a novel crown-like conformation is also reported. Crown-like dendrons self-assemble into long-range 5/1 helical pyramidal columns. The long-range 7/2 and 5/1 helical structures were established by applying, for the first time, the helical diffraction theory to the analysis of X-ray patterns obtained from oriented fibers of supramolecular dendrimers.
- Percec, Virgil,Won, Betty C.,Peterca, Mihai,Heiney, Paul A.
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p. 11265 - 11278
(2008/03/14)
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- NOVEL HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS AS HSP90-INHIBITORS
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Novel heterocyclic compounds are described and demonstrated to have utility as Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) inhibiting agent. Method of synthesis and use of such compounds are also described.
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Page/Page column 321; 323
(2008/06/13)
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- ANTITHROMBOTIC ETHERS
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This application relates to a compound of formula I (or a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound or prodrug thereof) as defined herein, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and its use as an inhibitor of factor Xa and/or thrombin, as well as a process for its preparation and intermediates therefor (I).
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- Single step transformation of PMB ethers to bromides using a CBr4-TPP reagent system
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PMB ethers are efficiently transformed to their corresponding bromides by a CBr4-TPP reagent system with a wide range of other functional groups also present in the substrate.
- Yadav,Mishra, Rajesh Kumar
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p. 5419 - 5422
(2007/10/03)
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- A simple and efficient iodination of alcohols on polymer-supported triphenylphosphine
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A simple, mild, and high-yielding procedure for the iodination of allylic, benzylic, and other primary alcohols using a combination of iodine and imidazole on polymer-supported triphenyl phosphine is described.
- Anilkumar, Gopinathan,Nambu, Hisanori,Kita, Yasuyuki
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p. 190 - 191
(2013/09/06)
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- Convergent stereocontrol in Peterson olefinations. Application to the synthesis of (±)-3-hydroxybakuchiol and corylifolin
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The iron-catalyzed Kirmse reaction was used to generate neopentyl α-silyl thioethers that were elaborated to meroterpenes using two complementary routes: one route involved a sila-Pummerer rearrangement, and the other route involved a Peterson olefination. While severe eclipsing interactions undermined the efficiency of the stereospecific sila-Pummerer rearrangement, they made it possible to stereoselectively generate E olefins without isolation or separation of syn- and anti-β-silyl alkoxides. Addition of a neopentyl α-silyl alkyllithium intermediate to an aryl aldehyde generated a mixture of syn- and anti-β-silyl alkoxides. The syn-β-silyl alkoxide eliminated stereospecifically at -78°C to give an E olefin, whereas the anti-β-silyl alkoxide was unreactive. The reaction mixture was then acidified and heated to induce stereospecific elimination of the anti isomer to give the same E olefin via a complementary cationic pathway. This route was used to complete the first synthesis of the meroterpene (±)-3-hydroxybakuchiol. In addition, we synthesized another meroterpene corresponding to the natural product corylifolin and offer evidence that the structure of corylifolin was misassigned.
- Perales, Joe B.,Makino, Narubumi F.,Van Vranken, David L.
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p. 6711 - 6717
(2007/10/03)
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- Low molecular weight dendritic compounds as pharmaceutical agents
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This invention is for low molecular weight dendritic polymers (dendroids) of Formula I are useful as agents in the treatment of cancer, Alzheimers disease, thrombosis, inflammatory diseases, and bacterial resistance.
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- Gastric-mucous membrane protection activity of coptisine derivatives
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Coptisine and 8-oxocoptisine were isolated as principles of the gastric-mucous membrane protection from Coptidis rhizoma. The two compounds showed stronger activity than cimetidine and sucralfate. We prepared several derivatives having a partial structure of coptisine from commercially available starting materials. The compounds obtained were tested for gastric-mucous membrane protective activity and a correlation between activity and structure was studied. Our results suggest that the partial charge of the catechol skeleton is related to activity.
- Hirano,Osawa,Yamaoka,Yokoi
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p. 1277 - 1281
(2007/10/03)
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