- Cross-metathesis of biosourced fatty acid derivatives: A step further toward improved reactivity
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The improved catalytic conversion of bioresources, namely unsaturated fatty acid derivatives, is presented. The targeted reaction is ruthenium-catalyzed cross-metathesis with functionalized olefins (α,β-unsaturated esters), that affords shorter diesters. These can be used as biosourced (pre)monomers for the production of polyesters. It is demonstrated that switch from terminal to internal cross-metathesis partners (that is, from methyl acrylate to methyl crotonate) allows use of ppm-level catalyst loadings, while retaining high productivity and selectivity. This was exemplified on a commercial biosourced fatty acid methyl esters mixture, using minimal purification of the substrate, on a 50 g scale. We propose that this improved catalytic behavior is due to the sole presence of more stable alkylidene intermediates, as the notoriously unstable ruthenium methylidene species are not formed using an internal functionalized olefin.
- Vignon, Paul,Vancompernolle, Tom,Couturier, Jean-Luc,Dubois, Jean-Luc,Mortreux, André,Gauvin, Régis M.
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- ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOSITIONS, METHODS AND SYSTEMS
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The invention provides methods for treating a surface, the method including steps of applying a surface treatment composition to a surface, wherein the surface treatment composition includes a substantially phenol-free cleansing agent and an antimicrobial agent, the antimicrobial agent comprising 9-decenoic acid, a salt of 9-decenoic acid, an ester of 9-decenoic acid, or a combination thereof, wherein the antimicrobial agent is present in an amount sufficient to control microbial growth. Also described are methods for treating a surface that include the step of applying a surface treatment composition having a pH in the range of 4.1 to 8.5 to a surface, wherein the surface treatment composition includes a cleansing agent and an antimicrobial agent, the antimicrobial agent comprising 9-decenoic acid, a salt of 9-decenoic acid, an ester of 9-decenoic acid, or a combination thereof, wherein the antimicrobial agent is present in an amount sufficient to control microbial growth. Also described are surface treatment compositions including the antimicrobial agents.
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Page/Page column 65-70
(2008/06/13)
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