- Effect of organic template removal approaches on physiochemical characterization of Ni/Al-SBA-15 and eugenol hydrodeoxygenation
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Template removing approaches can significantly impact the physiochemical properties of mesoporous molecular sieve materials. In order to better understand the relationship between template removing approaches and the properties of Ni/Al-SBA-15, four kinds of template removing approaches were introduced to remove the organic template from Al-SBA-15, respectively. The structural characteristics of these materials were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2-sorption, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), infrared spectra of pyridine adsorption (Py-FTIR), magic angle spinning-nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Ni/Al-SBA-15 of which the organic template was removed by two-step calcination method had the maximum specific surface area (619 ?m2/g). In contrast, Ni/Al-SBA-15 of which the organic template was removed using solvent extraction approaches had the lowest specific surface area (555 ?m2/g). The mesopore diameter of Ni/Al-SBA-15, using electric heating digestion method to remove the template, was significantly increased and the wall thickness was significantly decreased to 11.62 ?nm in comparison with the other samples. The selectivity of products during the process of eugenol hydrodeoxygenation was investigated. High hydrocarbons were obtained during catalytic hydrodeoxygenation over Ni/Al-SBA-15 of which the organic template was removed by using solvent extraction approaches. Compared with direct calcination process, two-step calcination was more effective in removing template and the corresponding catalyst was much more suitable for the hydrodeoxygenation process.
- Li, Xiangping,Yin, Han,Zhang, Jianguang,Liu, Juping,Chen, Guanyi
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- Hydrogenation and ring opening of aromatic and naphthenic hydrocarbons over noble metal (Ir, Pt, Rh)/Al2O3 catalysts
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The hydrogenation and ring opening of model hydrocarbons and of naphtha was studied over commercial noble metal (Ir, Pt, Rh)/Al2O3 catalysts. The experiments were performed in a fixed bed reactor at temperatures between 220 and 350 °C and pressures of 1.1 and 5.0 MPa, respectively. The product distribution was determined and the cetane number was calculated. The Pt catalyst is very active for hydrogenation of aromatics but does not catalyse the ring opening of naphthenes. The Ir and Rh catalysts are active for both hydrogenation of aromatics and ring opening of naphthenes. Experiments with toluene, mxylene, propyl-benzene, and methylcyclohexane indicate that ring opening follows a selective mechanism, where the cleavage of bisecondary carbon bonds is favoured. This results in predominant formation of branched paraffins. The product distribution as well as cracking of long-chain hydrocarbons, which increase at temperatures above 260 °C, lead to an insignificant boost in the cetane number, as confirmed by experiments using real naphtha as feedstock.
- Piegsa, Anne,Korth, Wolfgang,Demir, Fehime,Jess, Andreas
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experimental part
p. 531 - 540
(2012/09/22)
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