- Quantitative measurement of acetyl fentanyl and acetyl norfentanyl in human urine by LC-MS/MS
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Opioid abuse involving emerging opioid compounds is a growing public health problem, which was highlighted recently by cases of human morbidity and mortality linked to acetyl fentanyl abuse. Unfortunately, the lack of information available on the toxicology and metabolism of acetyl fentanyl precludes its detection in human samples. The following study was conducted to test a new analytical procedure for the simultaneous quantification of acetyl fentanyl and its predicted metabolite, acetyl norfentanyl, in human urine. Metabolic reference standards and deuterium-labeled internal standards were synthesized for use in an assay that coupled solid-phase extraction (SPE) with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The accuracy (% Relative Error 2 > 0.98). Preliminary human liver microsomal and in vivo rodent studies demonstrated that acetyl fentanyl is metabolized by cytochrome P450s to acetyl norfentanyl. Urine samples from rats treated with a toxic dose of acetyl fentanyl contained high concentrations of acetyl fentanyl and acetyl norfentanyl. Further toxicokinetic studies are required to fully elucidate the metabolic pathways responsible for acetyl fentanyl detoxification and excretion.
- Patton, Amy L.,Seely, Kathryn A.,Pulla, Sharon,Rusch, Nancy J.,Moran, Cindy L.,Fantegrossi, William E.,Knight, Laura D.,Marraffa, Jeanna M.,Kennedy, Paul D.,James, Laura P.,Endres, Gregory W.,Moran, Jeffery H.
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- MUSCARINIC AGONISTS
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This invention relates to compounds that are agonists of the muscarinic receptor and/or M4 receptor and which are useful in the treatment of muscarinic M1/M4 receptor mediated diseases. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and the therapeutic uses of the compounds. Compounds include those according to formula (1a) or a salt thereof, wherein p, q, r, s, Q, R3 and R4 are as defined herein.
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Page/Page column 44; 45; 80
(2017/02/28)
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