- Synthesis of internally alkylated azuliporphyrins
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Examples of internally alkylated azuliporphyrins were prepared by MacDonald-type 3 + 1 condensations. 2-Methyl- and 2-ethylazulene reacted with an acetoxymethylpyrrole in the presence of an acid catalyst to give azulitripyrranes. Following cleavage of the terminal protective groups, condensation with a diformylpyrrole in the presence of hydrochloric acid and oxidation with ferric chloride afforded 21-alkylazuliporphyrins. An azulene dialdehyde similarly reacted with an N-methyltripyrrane to generate a 23-methylazuliporphyrin. The products could only be isolated in protonated form and the free-base internally alkylated azuliporphyrins proved to be unstable. Nevertheless, the dications are highly diatropic and the internal alkyl group resonances were shifted upfield to beyond -3 ppm. Reaction of a 23-methylazuliporphyrin with palladium(II) acetate primarily afforded a palladium(II) complex with loss of the internal methyl substituent. However, two palladium(II) benzocarbaporphyrins were also identified that were formed by sequential oxidative ring contraction and methyl group migration. Internally alkylated azuliporphyrins provide new insights into the reactivity of the system and the results show that the introduction of alkyl substituents within porphyrinoid cavities greatly modifies the properties of these structures.
- Moriones, Julian S. D.,Latham, Alissa N.,Lash, Timothy D.
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- Synthesis of 1-oxaazulan-2-ones and furanotropones from troponoids: A reexamination and extension to colchicinoids
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Reactions of [3,5,7-2H3]-2-tosyloxytropone (1b) in DMSO with enolates that, like sodium ethyl acetoacetate or sodium diethyl malonate, bear a leaving group, occur at C-7, followed by either sequential protonation at C- 2, 1,6-elimination, and intramolecular heterocyclization (to give 1- oxaazulan-2-ones), or sequential sulfinate loss and intramolecular heterocyclization (to give furanotropones). The latter is the exclusive route with enolates that, like sodium acetylacetonate, do not bear a leaving group. 9-Tosyloxyisocolchicide (15) behaves like 2-tosyloxytropone, giving the product 16 of C-11 attack, whereas 10-tosyloxycolchicide (17) resists attack at C-8 and only a very slow nucleophilic attack at C-10 by the enolate to give 18 is observed. Hydroxylic solvents do not allow any of these processes. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
- Cavazza, Marino,Guella, Graziano,Pietra, Francesco
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