cas 2417-72-3, Methyl 4-(bromomethyl)benzoate

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Preparation method of 4-bromomethyl methyl benzoate and derivative thereof
The invention provides a preparation method of methyl 4-bromomethyl benzoate and a derivative thereof, and the method comprises an esterification reaction for converting methyl benzoic acid into methyl benzoate and a bromination reaction for converting the methyl benzoate into the methyl 4-bromomethyl benzoate and the derivative thereof, the brominating agent for the bromination reaction is dibromohydantoin, and the structural formulas of the 4-bromomethyl methyl benzoate and the derivatives thereof are shown in the specification, wherein n1 is equal to 0, 1 or 2; n2 is equal to 1 or 2; according to the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the reaction time can be greatly shortened, the reaction yield is high, and the production efficiency is improved.
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(2021/05/05)

Discovery of novel ketoxime ether derivatives with potent FXR agonistic activity, oral effectiveness and high liver/blood ratio
The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a promising therapeutic target for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and other bile acid related diseases because it plays a critical role in fibrosis, inflammation and bile acid homeostasis. Obeticholic acid (OCA), a FXR agonist which was synthesized from chenodeoxycholic acid, showed desirable curative effects in clinical trials. However, the pruritus which was the main side effect of OCA limited its further applications in NASH. Although pruritus was also observed in the clinical trials of non-steroidal FXR agonists, the proportion of patients with pruritus was much smaller than that of OCA. Thus, we decided to develop non-steroidal FXR agonists and discovered a series of novel FXR agonists which were synthesized from GW4064 by replacing the stilbene group with ketoxime ether. Encouragingly, in the following biological tests, our target compounds 13j and 13z not only showed potent FXR agonistic activities in vitro, but also effectively promoted the expression of target genes in vivo. More importantly, in the pharmacokinetic experiments, compounds 13j and 13z displayed high liver/blood ratio characteristics which were helpful to reduce the potential side effects which were caused by prolonged systemic activation of FXR. In summary, our compounds were good choices for the development of non-steroidal FXR agonists and were deserved further investigation.
Gu, Yipei,Leng, Ying,Ning, Mengmeng,Shen, Jianhua,Tang, Xuehang,Yan, Hongyi,Ye, Yangliang
(2021/07/16)

Photochemical Radical C–H Halogenation of Benzyl N-Methyliminodiacetyl (MIDA) Boronates: Synthesis of α-Functionalized Alkyl Boronates
α-Haloboronates are useful organic synthons that can be converted to a diverse array of α-substituted alkyl borons. Methods to α-haloboronates are limiting and often suffer from harsh reaction conditions. Reported herein is a photochemical radical C-H halogenation of benzyl N-methyliminodiacetyl (MIDA) boronates. Fluorination, chlorination, and bromination reactions were effective by using this protocol. Upon reaction with different nucleophiles, the C?Br bond in the brominated product could be readily transformed to a series of C?C, C?O, C?N, C?S, C?P, and C?I bonds, some of which are difficult to forge with α-halo sp2-B boronate esters. An activation effect of B(MIDA) moiety was found.
Yang, Ling,Tan, Dong-Hang,Fan, Wen-Xin,Liu, Xu-Ge,Wu, Jia-Qiang,Huang, Zhi-Shu,Li, Qingjiang,Wang, Honggen
supporting information
p. 3454 - 3458
(2020/12/17)

1-benzylisatin derivative as well as synthesis method and application thereof
The invention relates to a 1-benzylisatin derivative as well as a synthesis method and application thereof, belongs to the technical field of medicines, and relates to a general formula (I) in which R1, R2 and R3 are different substituents. The invention discloses structures of the compounds, a synthesis method of the compounds, inhibitory activity of acetylcholin esterase and inhibitory activityof histone deacetylase 6; and the compounds can be further developed into drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease.
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(2020/10/20)

Thiourea-Mediated Halogenation of Alcohols
The halogenation of alcohols under mild conditions expedited by the presence of substoichiometric amounts of thiourea additives is presented. The amount of thiourea added dictates the pathway of the reaction, which may diverge from the desired halogenation reaction toward oxidation of the alcohol, in the absence of thiourea, or toward starting material recovery when excess thiourea is used. Both bromination and chlorination were highly efficient for primary, secondary, tertiary, and benzyl alcohols and tolerate a broad range of functional groups. Detailed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies, isotopic labeling, and other control experiments suggest a radical-based mechanism. The fact that the reaction is carried out at ambient conditions, uses ubiquitous and inexpensive reagents, boasts a wide scope, and can be made highly atom economic, makes this new methodology a very appealing option for this archetypical organic reaction.
Mohite, Amar R.,Phatake, Ravindra S.,Dubey, Pooja,Agbaria, Mohamed,Shames, Alexander I.,Lemcoff, N. Gabriel,Reany, Ofer
supporting information
p. 12901 - 12911
(2020/11/26)

Dual Farnesoid X Receptor/Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Modulators Derived from Zafirlukast
The nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) are validated molecular targets to treat metabolic disorders such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Their simultaneous modulation in vivo has demonstrated a triad of anti-NASH effects and thus may generate synergistic efficacy. Here we report dual FXR activators/sEH inhibitors derived from the anti-asthma drug Zafirlukast. Systematic structural optimization of the scaffold has produced favorable dual potency on FXR and sEH while depleting the original cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonism of the lead drug. The resulting polypharmacological activity profile holds promise in the treatment of liver-related metabolic diseases.
Schierle, Simone,Helmst?dter, Moritz,Schmidt, Jurema,Hartmann, Markus,Horz, Maximiliane,Kaiser, Astrid,Weizel, Lilia,Heitel, Pascal,Proschak, Anna,Hernandez-Olmos, Victor,Proschak, Ewgenij,Merk, Daniel
p. 50 - 67
(2019/11/29)

The development of a novel transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) inhibitor that disrupts ligand-receptor interactions
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays an important role in regulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the TGF-β signaling pathway is a potential target for therapeutic intervention in the development of many diseases, such as fibrosis and cancer. Most currently available inhibitors of TGF-β signaling function as TGF-β receptor I (TβR-I) kinase inhibitors, however, such kinase inhibitors often lack specificity. In the present study, we targeted the extracellular protein binding domain of the TGF-β receptor II (TβR-II) to interfere with the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between TGF-β and its receptors. One compound, CJJ300, inhibited TGF-β signaling by disrupting the formation of the TGF-β-TβR-I-TβR-II signaling complex. Treatment of A549 cells with CJJ300 resulted in the inhibition of downstream signaling events such as the phosphorylation of key factors along the TGF-β pathway and the induction of EMT markers. Concomitant with these effects, CJJ300 significantly inhibited cell migration. The present study describes for the first time a designed molecule that can regulate TGF-β-induced signaling and EMT by interfering with the PPIs required for the formation of the TGF-β signaling complex. Therefore, CJJ300 can be an important lead compound with which to study TGF-β signaling and to design more potent TGF-β signaling antagonists.
Wu, Han,Sun, Yu,Wong, Wee Lin,Cui, Jiajia,Li, Jingyang,You, Xuefu,Yap, Lee Fah,Huang, Yu,Hong, Wei,Yang, Xinyi,Paterson, Ian C.,Wang, Hao
(2020/01/21)

COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS, AND METHODS OF USE
Described herein are compounds that act as CYP46A1 inhibitors, compositions comprising these compounds, and methods of their use into treating neurodegenerative diseases and the like, or a pharmaceutically active salt thereof. The present invention relates to compounds represented by the formula wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, or a pharmaceutically active salt thereof.
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Paragraph 0284

(2020/12/11)

Anti-oligomerization sheet molecules: Design, synthesis and evaluation of inhibitory activities against α-synuclein aggregation
Aggregation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) play a key role in the development of Parkinson Disease (PD). One of the effective approaches is to stabilize the native, monomeric protein with suitable molecule ligands. We have designed and synthesized a series of sheet-like conjugated compounds which possess different skeletons and various heteroatoms in the two blocks located at both ends of linker, which have good π-electron delocalization and high ability of hydrogen-bond formation. They have shown anti-aggregation activities in vitro towards α-Syn with IC50 down to 1.09 μM. The molecule is found binding in parallel to the NACore within NAC domain of α-Syn, interfering aggregation of NAC region within different α-Syn monomer, and further inhibiting or slowing down the formation of α-Syn oligomer nuclei at lag phase. The potential inhibitor obtained by our strategy is considered to be highly efficient to inhibit α-Syn aggregation.
Liu, Hao,Chen, Li,Zhou, Fei,Zhang, Yun-Xiao,Xu, Ji,Xu, Meng,Bai, Su-Ping
supporting information
p. 3089 - 3096
(2019/06/14)

NOVEL BARBITURIC ACID DERIVATIVES, THEIR PREPARATION AND USE THEREOF AS LEUKOCYTE TRANSMIGRATION INHIBITORS AND FOR TREATING INFLAMMATORY DISEASES, AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES AND CANCER
Provided herein are novel barbituric acid derivatives, their synthesis and use thereof in blocking leukocyte transmigration. The novel barbituric acid derivatives are useful for the treatment of disorders associated with leukocyte transmigration, such as for example inflammatory diseases and disorders, autoimmune diseases and disorders, and cancers.
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Page/Page column 55; 56

(2019/03/17)

Novel inhibitors of leukocyte transendothelial migration
Leukocyte transendothelial migration is one of the most important step in launching an inflammatory immune response and chronic inflammation can lead to devastating diseases. Leukocyte migration inhibitors are considered as promising and potentially effective therapeutic agents to treat inflammatory and auto-immune disorders. In this study, based on previous trioxotetrahydropyrimidin based integrin inhibitors that suboptimally blocked leukocyte adhesion, twelve molecules with a modified scaffold were designed, synthesized, and tested in vitro for their capacity to block the transendothelial migration of immune cells. One of the molecules, namely, methyl 4-((2-(tert-butyl)-6-((2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-5(2H)-ylidene) methyl) phenoxy) methyl) benzoate, (compound 12), completely blocked leukocyte transendothelial migration, without any toxic effects on immune or endothelial cells (IC50 = 2.4 μM). In vivo, compound 12 exhibited significant therapeutic effects in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)/Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis, fatty liver disease, and rheumatoid arthritis models. A detailed acute and chronic toxicity profile of the lead compound in vivo did not reveal any toxic effects. Such a type of molecule might therefore provide a unique starting point for designing a novel class of leukocyte transmigration blocking agents with broad therapeutic applications in inflammatory and auto-immune pathologies.
Getter, Tamar,Margalit, Raanan,Kahremany, Shirin,Levy, Laura,Blum, Eliav,Khazanov, Netaly,Keshet-Levy, Nimrod Y.,Tamir, Tigist Y.,Ben Major,Lahav, Ron,Zilber, Sofia,Senderowitz, Hanoch,Bradfield, Paul,Imhof, Beat A.,Alpert, Evgenia,Gruzman, Arie
(2019/10/02)

Novel Compounds as Autotaxin Inhibitors and Pharmaceutical Compositions Comprising the Same
The present invention relates to a novel autotaxin inhibitor compound for preventing and treating disease or symptoms due to an increase in concentration of lysophosphatidic acid or activation of autotaxin. The present invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing the same. The novel compound of the present invention is an autotaxin inhibitor which inhibits production of lysophosphatidic acid, and thus is useful for treating or preventing cardiovascular disease, cancer, metabolic disease, kidney disease, liver disease, inflammatory diseases, nervous disease, respiratory disease, desmoid disease, eye disease, cholestatic symptoms, other types of chronic pruritus or acute, or chronic rejection of transplanted organs.COPYRIGHT KIPO 2017
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Paragraph 1276-1279

(2018/05/17)

Benzyl Mono-P-Fluorophosphonate and Benzyl Penta-P-Fluorophosphate Anions Are Physiologically Stable Phosphotyrosine Mimetics and Inhibitors of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
α,α-Difluoro-benzyl phosphonates are currently the most popular class of phosphotyrosine mimetics. Structurally derived from the natural substrate phosphotyrosine, they constitute classical bioisosteres and have enabled the development of potent inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) and phosphotyrosine recognition sites such as SH2 domains. Being dianions bearing two negative charges, phosphonates, however, do not permeate membranes and thus are often inactive in cells and have not been a successful starting point toward therapeutics, yet. In this work, benzyl phosphonates were modified by replacing phosphorus-bound oxygen atoms with phosphorus-bound fluorine atoms. Surprisingly, mono-P-fluorophosphonates were fully stable under physiological conditions, thus enabling the investigation of their mode of action toward PTP. Three alternative scenarios were tested and mono-P-fluorophosphonates were identified as stable reversible PTP1B inhibitors, despite of the loss of one negative charge and the replacement of one oxygen atom as an H-bond donor by fluorine. In extending this replacement strategy, α,α-difluorobenzyl penta-P-fluorophosphates were synthesized and found to be novel phosphotyrosine mimetics with improved affinity to the phosphotyrosine binding site of PTP1B.
Wagner, Stefan,Accorsi, Matteo,Rademann, J?rg
supporting information
p. 15387 - 15395
(2017/11/09)

Palladium-Catalyzed, ortho-Selective C-H Halogenation of Benzyl Nitriles, Aryl Weinreb Amides, and Anilides
A palladium-catalyzed, ortho-selective C-H halogenation methodology is reported herein. The highlight of the work is the highly selective C(sp2)-H functionalization of benzyl nitriles in the presence of activated C(sp3)-H bond, which results in good yields of the halogenated products with excellent regioselectivity. Along with benzyl nitriles, aryl Weinreb amides and anilides have been evaluated for the transformation using aprotic conditions. Mechanistic studies yield interesting aspects with respect to the pathway of the reaction and the directing group abilities.
Das, Riki,Kapur, Manmohan
p. 1114 - 1126
(2018/06/18)

An efficient and selective method for the iodination and bromination of alcohols under mild conditions
A straightforward and effective procedure for the conversion of a variety of alcohols into the corresponding alkyl iodides and bromides is described using KX/P2O5 (X = I, Br). The reactions were easily carried out in acetonitrile under mild conditions. Using this method, the selective conversion of benzylic alcohols in the presence of aliphatic alcohols was achieved.
Khazdooz, Leila,Zarei, Amin,Aghaei, Hamidreza,Azizi, Ghobad,Gheisari, Mohammad Mehdi
p. 168 - 171
(2015/12/30)

Quinoxalinone (Part II). Discovery of (Z)-3-(2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl)quinoxalinone derivates as potent VEGFR-2 kinase inhibitors
Inhibition of VEGFR-2 kinase has been highlighted as one of the well-defined strategies to suppress tumor growth via blockade of angiogenesis. Guided by the principles of bioisosteric replacement and pharmacophoric fragment migration, a series of novel quinoxalinone derivates were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their VEGFR-2 inhibitory potencies. Among them, compounds 7c, 8b, 8c, 8e and 10b displayed antiangiogenic abilities via the in vitro tube formation assay (cellular level) and ex vivo rat aortic ring assay (tissue level) at a low concentration (0.1 μM). By means of in vivo zebrafish embryo model, two (Z)-3-(2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl)quinoxalinone derivates 8c and 8e showed significant antiangiogenesis effects, suggesting they have potentials to be developed into antiangiogenesis agents via further structural optimization. Moreover, these two compounds also demonstrated potent inhibition toward VEGFR-2 and B-raf kinases in a low concentration (1 μM). A possible interpretation of our evaluation result has been presented by a molecular docking study by docking representative compound 8c with VEGFR-2.
Shi, Leilei,Zhou, Jianfeng,Wu, Jifeng,Cao, Junya,Shen, Yuemao,Zhou, Hua,Li, Xun
p. 1840 - 1852
(2016/04/05)

Quinoxalinone diaryl urea having VEGFR-2 and B-raf dual inhibition effect, derivative, preparation method and applications thereof
The present invention discloses quinoxalinone diaryl urea having a VEGFR-2/B-raf dual inhibition effect, a derivative, a pharmacologically acceptable salt, a solvate, a prodrug, an intermediate, a metabolite thereof or a pharmaceutical composition containing the quinoxalinone diaryl urea, wherein the structure general formula is represented by a formula (I), and R1, R2, R, Q, Y and Ar are defined in the specification. The invention further provides preparation methods of the compounds, and applications of the compounds as drugs and applications of the compounds in tumor treatment. According to the present invention, the compound has advantages of exact treatment effect and low toxic-side effect, wherein the types of the drug inhibitors for treatment of diseases caused by abnormal expression of VEGFR-2 and/or B-Raf are enriched, and the quinoxalinone diaryl urea is expected to be the clinical medicine having the high therapeutic index. The formula (I) is defined in the specification.
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Paragraph 0130; 0131

(2017/08/25)

INHIBITORS OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS POLYMERASE
The present invention provides, among other things, compounds represented by the general Formula I: (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein L and A (and further substituents) are as defined in classes and subclasses herein and compositions (e.g., pharmaceutical compositions) comprising such compounds, which compounds are useful as inhibitors of hepatitis C virus polymerase, and thus are useful, for example, as medicaments for the treatment of HCV infection.
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Paragraph 338; 339

(2016/10/11)

Palladium-catalyzed silylation reaction between benzylic halides and silylboronate
An efficient Pd-catalyzed silylation reaction of benzylic halides with silylboronate is reported. In this reaction, primary and secondary benzylic halides could react well with silylboronates to afford benzylic silanes. This reaction accommodates a broad substrate scope and proceeds smoothly under very mild reaction conditions. The corresponding products could be obtained in moderate to high yields and with stereospecificity.
Huang, Zhi-Dao,Ding, Ran,Wang, Peng,Xu, Yun-He,Loh, Teck-Peng
supporting information
p. 5609 - 5612
(2016/05/09)

Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Trifluoroethylarenes from Benzylic Bromodifluoroacetates
Trifluoroethylarenes are found in a variety of biologically active molecules, and strategies for accessing this substructure are important for developing therapeutic candidates and biological probes. Trifluoroethylarenes can be directly accessed via nucleophilic trifluoromethylation of benzylic electrophiles; however, current catalytic methods do not effectively transform electron-deficient substrates and heterocycles. To address this gap, we report a Cu-catalyzed decarboxylative trifluoromethylation of benzylic bromodifluoroacetates. To account for the tolerance of sensitive functional groups, we propose an inner-sphere mechanism of decarboxylation.
Ambler, Brett R.,Zhu, Lingui,Altman, Ryan A.
p. 8449 - 8457
(2015/09/01)

Cation-Transporting Peptides: Scaffolds for Functionalized Pores?
Protein pores that selectively transport ions across membranes are among nature's most efficient machines. The selectivity of these pores can be exploited for ion sensing and water purification. Since it is difficult to reconstitute membrane proteins in their active form for practical applications it is desirable to develop robust synthetic compounds that selectively transport ions across cell membranes. One can envision tuning the selectivity of pores by incorporating functional groups inside the pore. Readily accessible octapeptides containing (aminomethyl)benzoic acid and alanine are reported here that preferentially transport cations over halides across the lipid bilayer. Ion transport is hypothesized through pores formed by stable assemblies of the peptides. The aromatic ring(s) appear to be proximal to the pore and could be potentially utilized for functionalizing the pore interior.
Behera, Harekrushna,Ramkumar, Venkatachalam,Madhavan, Nandita
p. 10179 - 10184
(2015/07/07)

Synthesis and surface activity study of branched fluorinated cationic (FCS), gemini (FGS) and amphoteric (FAS) surfactants with CF3CF2CF2C(CF3)2 group
Fluorinated surfactants are usually composed of a perfluorinated chain and a hydrophilic group. Academic surveys have reported that straight chain fluorinated surfactants have the lowest surface tension in a relatively high concentration while the branched fluorinated surfactants show more efficient in a relatively low concentration. Introducing branch is one of effective strategies for synthesis of non-bioaccumulable fluorinated surfactants. Three novel branched fluorinated surfactants were designed and prepared through a five-step route using perfluoro-2-methyl-2-pentene as starting material. The surface activities of them were investigated and found that they exhibited excellent surface activities. FCS can reduce the surface tension of water to below 20 mN/m, and the cmc value of FAS in water is about 1.04 × 10-4 mol/L at 298 K. All the values of surface properties of FCS, FGS and FAS are lower than that of sodium perfluorooctanoate.
Sha, Min,Pan, Renming,Xing, Ping,Jiang, Biao
p. 61 - 65
(2015/03/05)

Energy-dissipative self-assembly driven in microflow: A time-programmed self-organization and decomposition of metastable nanofibers
Energy-dissipative self-assembly in microflow enables us to approach an energetically unstable self-assembled structure, which undergoes morphological transition in a cascade manner from fibers, sheets, and finally "running down" to thermodynamically stable dots, with switching intermolecular interactions.
Numata, Munenori,Sato, Akiko,Nogami, Rie
supporting information
p. 995 - 997
(2015/08/24)

Synthesis and evaluation of phenoxymethylbenzamide analogues as anti-trypanosomal agents
The synthesis and anti-trypanosomal activity of a compound library based on a phenoxymethylbenzamide hit discovered in a high throughput screen is described. Several of the analogues exhibited potent activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, a human infective strain of the trypanosome parasite, that serve as lead compounds for further optimisation. This journal is
Manos-Turvey, Alexandra,Watson, Emma E.,Sykes, Melissa L.,Jones, Amy J.,Baell, Jonathan B.,Kaiser, Marcel,Avery, Vicky M.,Payne, Richard J.
supporting information
p. 403 - 406
(2015/03/18)

Synthesis of 2-alkoxy and 2-benzyloxy analogues of estradiol as anti-breast cancer agents through microtubule stabilization
2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2) is an investigational anticancer drug. In the present study, 2-alkoxyesters/acid and 2-benzyloxy analogues of estradiol have been synthesized as analogues of 2ME2. Three of the derivatives exhibited significant anticancer activity against human breast cancer cell lines. The best analogue of the series i.e. 24 showed stabilization of tubulin polymerisation process. It was substantiated by confocal microscopy and molecular docking studies where 24 occupied 'paclitaxel binding pocketg€ to stabilize the polymerisation process. Compound 24 significantly inhibited MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50: 7 μM) and induced arrest of cell cycle and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. In acute oral toxicity, 24 was found to be non-toxic and well tolerated in Swiss albino mice up to 1000 mg/kg dose.
Sathish Kumar,Kumar, Amit,Singh, Jyotsna,Hasanain, Mohammad,Singh, Arjun,Fatima, Kaneez,Yadav, Dharmendra K.,Shukla, Vinay,Luqman, Suaib,Khan, Feroz,Chanda, Debabrata,Sarkar, Jayanta,Konwar, Rituraj,Dwivedi, Anila,Negi, Arvind S.
p. 740 - 751
(2015/02/19)

Synthesis of new calix[4]arene amide derivatives and investigation of their DNA cleavage activity
This study comprises the synthesis of new p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene with different amide functional groups and summarises an investigation of their DNA cleavage activities. The structural investigations of the synthesised compounds were examined by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis and FAB-MS techniques. The interaction between these compounds and pBR322 plasmid DNA has been investigated via agarose gel electrophoresis and, according to the results, compounds 5, 7, 8 and 13 exhibit efficient DNA cleavage activity. In the electrophoresis images of 5, 7 and 8, Form IV which is small DNA fragment was observed in addition to supercoiled Form I, open circular Form II and linear Form III. 2013
Oezkan, Seyda Cigdem,Yilmaz, Aydan,Oezmen, Ismail
p. 25 - 31
(2014/01/17)

Revisiting the bromination of c-h bonds with molecular bromine by using a photo-microflow system
The photobromination of C-H bonds by using molecular bromine was reinvestigated under microfluidic conditions. The continuous-flow method suppressed the production of dibrominated compounds and effectively produced the desired monobrominated products with high selectivity. Rapid bromination of benzylic substrates containing a photoaffinity azide group was achieved without any decomposition. Go with the (micro)flow: Photobromination of C-H bonds by using molecular bromine under microfluidic conditions has been investigated (see scheme). The continuous-flow method suppressed the production of dibrominated compounds and effectively produced the desired monobrominated compounds with high selectivity. Rapid bromination of benzylic substrates containing a photoaffinity azide group was achieved without any decomposition.
Manabe, Yoshiyuki,Kitawaki, Yuriko,Nagasaki, Masahiro,Fukase, Koichi,Matsubara, Hiroshi,Hino, Yoshiko,Fukuyama, Takahide,Ryu, Ilhyong
supporting information
p. 12750 - 12753
(2015/03/30)

Reactions of difluorocarbene with organozinc reagents
Reactions of difluorocarbene with benzyl and alkylzinc halides leading to fluorinated organozinc species have been described. The generated α-difluorinated organozinc reagents are reasonably stable in solution and can be quenched with external electrophiles (iodine, bromine, proton), affording compounds containing the CF2 fragment.
Levin, Vitalij V.,Zemtsov, Artem A.,Struchkova, Marina I.,Dilman, Alexander D.
p. 917 - 919
(2013/03/28)

Direct oxidative conversion of methylarenes into aromatic nitriles
A variety of methylarenes were successfully converted into the corresponding aromatic nitriles in good to moderate yields by the treatment with NBS or DBDMH in the presence of a catalytic amount of AIBN or BPO, followed by the reaction with molecular iodine in aq NH3 in a one-pot procedure. The present reaction is a useful and practical transition-metal-free method for the preparation of aromatic nitriles from methylarenes.
Tsuchiya, Daisuke,Kawagoe, Yuhsuke,Moriyama, Katsuhiko,Togo, Hideo
supporting information
p. 4194 - 4197
(2013/09/12)

HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS
The disclosure provides compounds of formula I and methods for preparation thereof. The compounds act as inhibitor of histone deacetylase.
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Page/Page column 15

(2012/05/04)

Direct and selective benzylic oxidation of alkylarenes via C-H abstraction using alkali metal bromides
A direct benzylic oxidation of alkylarenes via C-H bond abstraction was developed using alkali metal bromides and oxidants under mild conditions. This reaction proceeded with excellent selectivity by thermal oxidation or photooxidation to provide a broad range of carbonyl compounds containing electron-deficient aryl carbonyl compounds in high yields.
Moriyama, Katsuhiko,Takemura, Misato,Togo, Hideo
supporting information; experimental part
p. 2414 - 2417
(2012/06/18)

Rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of olefins with PhthalaPhos, a new class of chiral supramolecular ligands
A library of 19 binol-derived chiral monophosphites that contain a phthalic acid diamide group (Phthala- Phos) has been designed and synthesized in four steps. These new ligands were screened in the rhodium-catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation of prochiral dehydroamino esters and enamides. Several members of the library showed excellent enantioselectivity with methyl 2-acetamido acrylate (6 ligands gave >97% ee), methyl (Z)-2- acetamido cinnamate (6 ligands gave >94% ee), and N-(1-phenylvinyl)acetamide (9 ligands gave >95% ee), whilst only a few representatives afforded high enantioselectivities for challenging and industrially relevant substrates N-(3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1- yl)-acetamide (96% ee in one case) and methyl (E)-2-(acetamidomethyl)-3- phenylacrylate (99% ee in one case). In most cases, the new ligands were more active and more stereoselective than their structurally related monodentate phosphites (which are devoid of functional groups that are capable of hydrogen-bonding interactions). Control experiments and kinetic studies were carried out that allowed us to demonstrate that hydrogen-bonding interactions involving the diamide group of the PhthalaPhos ligands strongly contribute to their outstanding catalytic properties. Computational studies carried out on a rhodium precatalyst and on a conceivable intermediate in the hydrogenation catalytic cycle shed some light on the role played by hydrogen bonding, which is likely to act in a substrate-orientation effect.
Pignataro, Luca,Boghi, Michele,Civera, Monica,Carboni, Stefano,Piarulli, Umberto,Gennari, Cesare
supporting information; experimental part
p. 1383 - 1400
(2012/03/27)

Tuned-affinity bivalent ligands for the characterization of opioid receptor heteromers
Opioid receptors, including the μ- and δ-opioid receptors (MOR and DOR), are important targets for the treatment of pain. Although there is mounting evidence that these receptors form heteromers, the functional role of the MOR/DOR heteromer remains unresolved. We have designed and synthesized bivalent ligands as tools to elucidate the functional role of the MOR/DOR heteromer. Our ligands (L2 and L4) are comprised of a compound with low affinity at the DOR tethered to a compound with high affinity at the MOR, with the goal of producing ligands with "tuned affinity" at MOR/DOR heteromers as compared to DOR homomers. Here, we show that both L2 and L4 demonstrate enhanced affinity at MOR/DOR heteromers as compared to DOR homomers, thereby providing unique pharmacological tools to dissect the role of the MOR/DOR heteromer in pain.
Harvey, Jessica H.,Long, Darcie H.,Whistler, Jennifer L.,England, Pamela M.
supporting information
p. 640 - 644,5
(2020/08/31)

HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS
The disclosure provides compounds of formula I and methods for preparation thereof. The compounds act as inhibitor of histone deacetylase.
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Page/Page column 41; 42

(2011/04/13)

Synthesis, in silico docking experiments of new 2-pyrrolidinone derivatives and study of their anti-inflammatory activity
A new class of 2-pyrrolidinone derivatives was designed, synthesized, and tested for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against LOX. The most potent among them, 14d [IC50 0.08 (±0.005) mM], and 14e [IC50 0.0705 (±0.003) mM], were also tested in vivo. The compound 14d induced equipotent inhibition against rat paw edema, which is very close to the effect produced by the commonly used standard, namely indomethacin (47%). The LOX inhibitory activity of the compound 14e proceeds in parallel to the % inhibitory value of lipid peroxidation meaning that this LOX inhibitory activity is supported by the lipid peroxidation inhibition. The molecular features that govern their bioactivity were explored through in silico docking experiments. The results showed that acidic moieties must be placed in certain distance and orientation in the active site of LOX enzyme in order to productively exhibit inhibitory activity. In addition, the 2-pyrrolidinone template significantly contributes in the inhibitory properties of the new compounds.
Moutevelis-Minakakis, Panagiota,Papavassilopoulou, Eleni,Michas, George,Georgikopoulou, Kalliopi,Ragoussi, Maria-Eleni,Neophytou, Niki,Zoumpoulakis, Panagiotis,Mavromoustakos, Thomas,Hadjipavlou-Litina, Dimitra
experimental part
p. 2888 - 2902
(2011/06/17)

Synthesis and biological evaluation of Matijing-Su derivatives as potent anti-HBV agents
A series of Matijing-Su (MTS, N-(N-benzoyl-l-phenylalanyl)-O-acetyl-l- phenylalanol) derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity in 2.2.15 cells. The IC50 of compounds 14a (0.71 μM), 13c (2.85 μM), 13b (4.37 μM), etc. and the selective index of 13g (161.01), 13c (90.45), 13a (85.09) etc. of the inhibition on the replication of HBV DNA were better than those of the positive control lamivudine (IC50: 82.42 μM, SI: 41.59). Compounds 13o, 13p, and 16a also exhibited significant anti-HBV activity.
Qiu, Jingying,Xu, Bixue,Huang, Zhengming,Pan, Weidong,Cao, Peixue,Liu, Changxiao,Hao, Xiaojiang,Song, Baoan,Liang, Guangyi
experimental part
p. 5352 - 5360
(2011/10/12)

Organic halogenation chemistry as a vital tool for the construction of functional π-conjugated materials
Recent and ongoing efforts by the Tovar research group to exploit organic halogenation chemistry for the development of complex organic electronic materials are described. Standard synthetic approaches involving free-radical and electrophilic reaction pathways are presented along with strategies that use ionizable protons or triazenes as masking groups for aromatic halides. Forward synthetic processes that highlight the extended chemistry that can be applied to these halogenated substrates to give complex π-conjugated molecules are also discussed. The examples presented are specific to work from the groups laboratories, but the halogenation procedures are sufficiently general to be suitable for use on many other conjugated frameworks. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart New York.
Tovar, John D.
experimental part
p. 2387 - 2391
(2011/09/21)

Design and Stereoselective Synthesis of Retinoids with Ferrocene or N-Butylcarbazole Pharmacophores that Induce Post-Differentiation Apoptosis in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells
New ferrocene and N-alkylcarbazole retinoids were designed and synthesized stereoselectively in good yields. A number of these synthesized ligands, in particular 2, 3, and 11, were found to exhibit a high RARα activation potential and to effectively induce post-differentiation apoptosis in NB4 acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells. Increasing the length of the side chain attached to the heterocycle of the carbazole arotinoids creates new opportunities for altered compound catabolism and for fine-tuning of the apoptosis-inducing potential of the ligand. In the carbazole series of new retinoids, maximal activity was established for N-butylcarbazole analogue 11 in all assays (i.e., RARα activation, differentiation induction, and apoptosis induction). Study of the mechanism of apoptosis revealed an activation of initiator caspases-8 and -9, followed by efficient cleavage of effector caspase-3 on day6 of treatment. Subsequent induction of a caspase cascade in NB4 cells triggered ultimate leukemic cell death. The selected ligands 2, 3, and 11 may provide alternate options for the treatment of APL in cases of life-threatening ATRA syndrome, resistance, and high toxicity to conventionally used retinoids.
Ivanova, Diana,Gronemeyer, Hinrich,deLera, Angel R.
experimental part
p. 1518 - 1529
(2012/08/08)

Tricyclononene carboxamide derivatives as novel anti-HIV-1 agents
By modifying the chemical structure of anti-orthopoxvirus compound ST-246, we designed and synthesized a series of tricyclononene carboxamide derivatives and tested their anti-HIV-1 activity and cytotoxicity. We found that benzoimidazol-containing compound 7g was highly effective in inhibiting HIV-1 R5 infection with an IC50 value of 0.41 μM and a selectivity index of 292, but it exhibited no significant inhibitory activity on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, integrase and protease. CoMFA was used to analyze structure-activity relationships with good predictive power (r2 = 0.921; q2 = 0.582). Moreover, the CoMFA model showed that the length of the molecule, the amide, and the amine moieties all played crucial roles in anti-HIV activity. These results suggest that 7g may serve as a lead for the development of novel anti-HIV-1 therapies. A series of tricyclononene carboxamide derivatives based on anti-orthopoxvirus compound ST-246 were synthesized and characterized as novel anti-HIV-1 agents.
Dong, Ming-Xin,Zhang, Jian,Peng, Xu-Qing,Lu, Hong,Yun, Liu-Hong,Jiang, Shibo,Dai, Qiu-Yun
experimental part
p. 4096 - 4103
(2010/10/02)

Phthalaphos: Chiral supramolecular ligands for enantioselective rhodium-catalyzed hydrogenation reactions
Interligand hydrogen bonding of chiral monodentate phosphite ligands bearing H-bond donor and acceptor groups leads to formation of supramolecular bidentate ligands, rhodium complexes of which (see picture) afford excellent enantiomeric excesses in catalyzed hydrogenation of classical benchmark and industrially relevant substrates. cod=1,5-cyclooctadiene.
Pignataro, Luca,Carboni, Stefano,Civera, Monica,Colombo, Raffaele,Piarulli, Umberto,Gennari, Cesare
supporting information; experimental part
p. 6633 - 6637
(2010/10/21)

BENZOXAZOLE CARBOXAMIDE INHIBITORS OF POLY(ADP-RIBOSE)POLYMERASE (PARP)
A compound having the structure set forth in Formula (I) or Formula (II): wherein the variables Y, R1, R2, R3, and R4 are as defined herein. Provided herein are inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase activity. Also described herein are pharmaceutical compositions that include at least one compound described herein and the use of a compound or pharmaceutical composition described herein to treat diseases, disorders and conditions that are ameliorated by the inhibition of PARP activity.
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Page/Page column 57

(2009/08/16)

Design, synthesis and AChE inhibitory activity of indanone and aurone derivatives
A new series of indanone and aurone derivatives have been synthesized and tested for in vitro AChE inhibitory activity by modified Ellman method. Most of them exhibit AChE inhibitory activities superior to rivastigmine. Further, the most potent compound 1g was selected to evaluate the effect on the acquisition and memory impairment by mice step-down passive avoidance test.
Sheng, Rong,Xu, Yu,Hu, Chunqi,Zhang, Jing,Lin, Xiao,Li, Jingya,Yang, Bo,He, Qiaojun,Hu, Yongzhou
experimental part
p. 7 - 17
(2009/04/06)

Paracyclophanes: Extending the bridges. Synthesis
Preparatively satisfactory routes to [3.2]paracyclophane (10), [4.2]paracyclophane (14), [4.3]paracyclophane (19) as well as several derivatives of these compounds - among others the bromides 25, the ester 31, the diesters 40-43 - are described using well-established methods of cyclophane chemistry (ring-closure reactions leading to thiacyclophanes, ring contraction by sulfone pyrolysis). The parent systems and their derivatives are now available in gram quantities allowing a study of their chemical properties. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2009.
Pechlivanidis, Zissis,Hopf, Henning,Ernst, Ludger
experimental part
p. 223 - 237
(2009/06/21)

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel triazole derivatives as inhibitors of cytochrome P450 14α-demethylase
Based on the results of computational docking to the active site of the cytochrome P450 14α-demethylase (CYP51), a series of 1-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-substituted-2-propanols as analogs of fluconazole were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as antifungal agents. The MIC80 values indicate that compounds 1a-n exhibited higher activity against nearly all fungi tested except Aspergillus fumigatus than fluconazole, while compounds 2a-f, 3a-f showed no activity or only moderate activity against all fungi tested. Noticeably, the MIC value of compounds 1a, 1b and 1g is 64 times lower than that of fluconazole against Microsporum gypseum in vitro. And compounds 1a, 1b and 2b showed 128 times higher activity (with the MIC80 value of 0.0039 μg/mL) than that of fluconazole against Candida albicans and also showed higher activity than that of the other positive controls. Computational docking experiments indicated that the inhibition of CYP51 involves a coordination bond with iron of the heme group, the hydrophilic H-bonding region, the hydrophobic region, and the narrow hydrophobic cleft. In addition, the activity of the compounds would be enhanced when the side chains were shorter.
Chai, Xiaoyun,Zhang, Jun,Hu, Honggang,Yu, Shichong,Sun, Qingyan,Dan, Zhigang,Jiang, Yuanying,Wu, Qiuye
experimental part
p. 1913 - 1920
(2009/09/30)

PHENYLALANINE DIPEPTIDE DERIVATIVES, COMPOSITIONS AND USE THEREOF
Disclosed are a compound of formula I, stereoisomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts or hydrates thereof, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the smae, a process for preparing the same and use thereof. The compound may also be used to prepare a medicament to treat viral infections, especially to prepare a medicament to treat hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus with little toxic side effects.
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(2009/10/06)

Design and synthesis of small molecule glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase inhibitors
The incidence of obesity and other diseases associated with an increased triacylglycerol mass is growing rapidly, particularly in the United States. Glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) catalyzes the ratelimiting step of glycerolipid biosynthesis, the acylation of glycerol 3-phosphate with saturated long-chain acyl-CoAs. In an effort to produce small molecule inhibitors of this enzyme, a series of benzoic and phosphonic acids was designed and synthesized. In vitro testing of this series has led to the identification of several compounds, in particular 2-(nonylsulfonamido)benzoic acid (15g), possessing moderate GPAT inhibitory activity in an intact mitochondrial assay.
Wydysh, Edward A.,Medghalchi, Susan M.,Vadlamudi, Aravinda,Townsendd, Craig A.
body text
p. 3317 - 3327
(2010/03/26)

Synthesis of imatinib: A convergent approach revisited
A classical convergent approach for the synthesis of the anticancer drug imatinib has been substantially improved. Imatinib was assembled by coupling the amine and carboxylic acid precursors by using N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) as a condensing agent. Both intermediates have been synthesized by novel efficient methods.
Ivanov, Andrey S.,Shishkov, Sergey V.
experimental part
p. 619 - 623
(2010/05/02)

Mechanistic investigation of energy transfer in perylene-cored anthracene dendrimers
In this publication, we describe results of investigations focusing on detailed mechanisms of directed energy transfer in perylene-cored anthracene dendrimers. To obtain definitive statistical data for probing the energy transfer pathways, we synthesized four analogous dendrimers, which were designed to funnel the energy only from remote anthracene groups to the perylene cores. Static fluorescence studies with these dendrimers revealed that excitation of the anthracene groups led to the core emissions, indicating efficient energy transfer should be involved. Inspection of the energy transfer efficiencies obtained from all ten dendrimers demonstrated that single-step energy transfer should represent a key mechanism for the long-range energy transport in these dendrimers. The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
Takahashi, Masaki,Morimoto, Hironao,Miyake, Kentaro,Kawai, Hideki,Sei, Yoshihisa,Yamaguchi, Kentaro,Sengoku, Tetsuya,Yoda, Hidemi
p. 547 - 553
(2008/09/17)

Development of bis(2-picolyl)amine-zinc chelates for imidazole receptors
New phenyl and phenol bis(2-picolyl)amine (Dpa) derivatives have been synthesized in order to generate zinc chelates for imidazole anion receptors. Previously, binuclear phenolic zinc and copper chelates have shown affinity for pyrophosphate and guanidine anions, respectively. Herein we report significant imidazole affinity increasing from 2.38 × 106 to 2.90 × 107 for phenol-bridged binuclear zinc-Dpa chelates, as evidenced by dynamic and titration 1H NMR studies. Among the Dpa chelates investigated, the zinc-coordinated phenol group plays a crucial role in the mechanism of anion binding. Low-temperature 1H NMR experiments suggest a σν-symmetric geometry for the imidazole chelate. Computational DFT studies at the B3LYP level of theory imply that imidazole binding displaces the phenol bridge between the zinc ions. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2008.
Routasalo, Taina,Helaja, Juho,Kavakka, Jari,Koskinen, Ari M. P.
experimental part
p. 3190 - 3199
(2009/04/07)

Couplings of benzylic halides mediated by titanocene chloride: Synthesis of bibenzyl derivatives
Titanocene monochloride catalyzes the homocoupling of benzylic halides and benzylic gem-dibromides to give the corresponding bibenzyl and stilbenyl systems. Exposure of benzylic bromides to Ti(III) in the presence of aldehydes gave rise to the Barbier-type products. Examples of the utility of the herein described processes are included.
Barrero, Alejandro F.,Herrador, M. Mar,Del Moral, Jose F. Quilez,Arteaga, Pilar,Akssira, Mohammed,El Hanbali, Fadwa,Arteaga, Jesus F.,Dieguez, Horacio R.,Sanchez, Elena M.
p. 2251 - 2254
(2007/10/03)