- An Amphiphilic (salen)Co Complex – Utilizing Hydrophobic Interactions to Enhance the Efficiency of a Cooperative Catalyst
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An amphiphilic (salen)Co(III) complex is presented that accelerates the hydrolytic kinetic resolution (HKR) of epoxides almost 10 times faster than catalysts from commercially available sources. This was achieved by introducing hydrophobic chains that increase the rate of reaction in one of two ways – by enhancing cooperativity under homogeneous conditions, and increasing the interfacial area under biphasic reaction conditions. While numerous strategies have been employed to increase the efficiency of cooperative catalysts, the utilization of hydrophobic interactions is scarce. With the recent upsurge in green chemistry methods that conduct reactions ‘on water’ and at the oil-water interface, the introduction of hydrophobic interactions has potential to become a general strategy for enhancing the catalytic efficiency of cooperative catalytic systems. (Figure presented.).
- Solís-Mu?ana, Pablo,Salam, Joanne,Ren, Chloe Z.-J.,Carr, Bronte,Whitten, Andrew E.,Warr, Gregory G.,Chen, Jack L.-Y.
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supporting information
p. 3207 - 3213
(2021/06/01)
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- Chiral amorphous metal–organic polyhedra used as the stationary phase for high-resolution gas chromatography separations
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Herein, we describe a new chiral amorphous metal–organic polyhedra used as the stationary phase for high-resolution gas chromatography (GC). The chiral stationary phase was coated onto a capillary column via a dynamic coating process and investigated for a variety of compounds. The experimental results showed that the chiral stationary phase exhibits good selectivity for linear alkanes, linear alcohols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, isomers, and chiral compounds. In addition, the column has the advantages of high column efficiency and short analysis time. The present work indicated that amorphous metal–organic polyhedra have great potential for application as a new type of stationary phase for GC.
- Tang, Bo,Sun, Chenyu,Wang, Wei,Geng, Lina,Sun, Liquan,Luo, Aiqin
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p. 1178 - 1185
(2020/07/09)
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- Diastereoselective Desymmetrization of p-Quinamines through Regioselective Ring Opening of Epoxides and Aziridines
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A highly diastereoselective desymmetrization of p-quinamines via regioselective ring opening of epoxides and aziridines under mild conditions has been developed. A chairlike six-membered transition state with minimized 1,3-diaxial interactions explains the relative stereoselectivity of the cyclization reaction. This transition-metal free [3 + 3] annulation reaction provides rapid access to fused bicyclic morpholines and piperazines with a tetrasubstituted carbon center in high yields. In addition, it also allows the synthesis of enantioenriched products by using easily accessible chiral nonracemic epoxides and aziridines.
- Jadhav, Sandip B.,Chegondi, Rambabu
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supporting information
p. 10115 - 10119
(2019/12/24)
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- ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT CONTAINING POLYALKYLENEIMINE DERIVATIVE
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The present invention is an antimicrobial agent containing a polyalkyleneimine derivative formed by adding a substituent group having a structure of a following Formula (1) to a nitrogen atom of polyalkyleneimine. [in-line-formulae]—CH2CH(OH)CH2—O—R1??(1)[/in-line-formulae] In the formula, R1 represents an alkyl group with 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group with 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group with 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or —(CH2CH2O)n—R2. R2 represents an alkyl group with 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group with 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aryl group with 6 to 20 carbon atoms. n represents an integer of 1 to 50.
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- Asymmetric Hydrolytic and Aminolytic Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Epoxides using Recyclable Macrocyclic Chiral Cobalt(III) Salen Complexes
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New chiral macrocyclic cobalt(III) salen complexes were synthesized and used as catalyst for the asymmetric kinetic resolution (AKR) of terminal epoxides and glycidyl ethers with aromatic/aliphatic amines and water as nucleophiles. This is the first occasion where a Co(III) salen complex demonstrated its ability to catalyze AKR as well as hydrolytic kinetic resolution (HKR) reactions. Excellent enantiomeric excesses of the epoxides, the corresponding amino alcohols and diols (upto 99%) with quantitative yields were achieved by using the chiral Co(III) salen complexes in dichloromethane at room temperature. This protocol was further extended for the synthesis of two important drug molecules, i.e., (S)-propranolol and (R)-naftopidil. The catalytic system was also explored for the synthesis of chirally pure diols and chiral cyclic carbonates using carbon dioxide as a greener renewable C1 source. The catalyst was recycled for upto 5 catalytic cycles with retention of enantioselectivity. (Figure presented.).
- Tak, Rajkumar,Kumar, Manish,Menapara, Tusharkumar,Gupta, Naveen,Kureshy, Rukhsana I.,Khan, Noor-ul H.,Suresh
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supporting information
p. 3990 - 4001
(2017/11/22)
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- Application of homochiral alkylated organic cages as chiral stationary phases for molecular separations by capillary gas chromatography
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Molecular organic cage compounds have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in gas storage, catalysis, chemical sensing, molecular separations, etc. In this study, a homochiral pentyl cage compound was synthesized from a condensation reaction of (S,S)-1,2-pentyl-1,2-diaminoethane and 1,3,5-triformylbenzene. The imine-linked pentyl cage diluted with a polysiloxane (OV-1701) was explored as a novel stationary phase for high-resolution gas chromatographic separation of organic compounds. Some positional isomers were baseline separated on the pentyl cage-coated capillary column. In particular, various types of enantiomers including chiral alcohols, esters, ethers and epoxides can be resolved without derivatization on the pentyl cage-coated capillary column. The reproducibility of the pentyl cage-coated capillary column for separation was investigated using nitrochlorobenzene and styrene oxide as analytes. The results indicate that the column has good stability and separation reproducibility after being repeatedly used. This work demonstrates that molecular organic cage compounds could become a novel class of chiral separation media in the near future.
- Xie, Shengming,Zhang, Junhui,Fu, Nan,Wang, Bangjin,Hu, Cong,Yuan, Liming
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- Hydroxy-directed, fluoride-catalyzed epoxide hydrosilylation for the synthesis of 1,4-diols
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Abstract A novel highly regioselective, fluoride-catalyzed hydrosilylation of β-hydroxy epoxides has been developed. The reaction is modular and applicable to the synthesis of a broad range of 1,4-diols. Fluoride is crucial for two reasons: First, it promotes the formation of a silyl ether (which contains a Si-H bond) and, second, it enables ring opening by an intramolecular SN2 reaction through activation of the silane. The reaction can be performed under air. A modular, convergent, and stereoselective synthesis of 1,4-diols by epoxide hydrosilylation has been developed (see scheme). The reaction occurs under fluoride catalysis, is high yielding, highly regioselective, and can be carried out on a large scale.
- Zhang, Yong-Qiang,Funken, Nico,Winterscheid, Peter,Gans?uer, Andreas
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supporting information
p. 6931 - 6934
(2015/06/08)
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- Bioproduction of chiral epoxyalkanes using styrene monooxygenase from rhodococcus sp. ST-10 (RhSMO)
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We describe the enantioselective epoxidation of straight-chain aliphatic alkenes using a biocatalytic system containing styrene monooxygenase from Rhodococcus sp. ST-10 and alcohol dehydrogenase from Leifsonia sp. S749. The biocatalyzed enantiomeric epoxidation of 1-hexene to (S)-1,2-epoxyhexane (44.6 mM) using 2-propanol as the hydrogen donor was achieved under optimized conditions. The biocatalyst had broad substrate specificity for various aliphatic alkenes, including terminal, internal, unfunctionalized, and di- and tri-substituted alkenes. Here, we demonstrate that this biocatalytic system is suitable for the efficient production of enantioenriched (S)-epoxyalkanes.
- Toda, Hiroshi,Imae, Ryouta,Itoh, Nobuya
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p. 3443 - 3450
(2015/02/05)
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- Thermal desulfurization of (Alkoxymethyl)thiiranes
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Reaction of (alkoxymethyl)oxiranes with thiourea in methanol has afforded the corresponding thiiranes, and catalyst-free thermal desulfurization of the products has been studied. The major products of desulfurization are alcohols and alkenes, both in the cases of (polyfluoroalkyloxymethyl)thiiranes and their non-fluorinated analogs. Longer alkyl chain in thiiranes favors formation of alcohols over alkenes formation in the course of desulfurization.
- Nalet'Ko,Pervova,Gorbunova,Zapevalov, A. Ya,Toporova,Saloutin
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p. 2120 - 2124
(2015/02/02)
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- Chemo-enzymatic synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of alkyloxy propanol amine-based cationic ether lipids
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The present study involved the synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of alkyloxy propanol amine-based cationic lipids N,N-dimethyl-1-octadecylamino-3- alkyloxy-2-propanol (series A, 7a-e) and N-methyl-N,N-di-(2-hydroxy-3-alkyloxy-2 propyl) octadecylamine (series B, 9a-e) and their acetylated derivatives (8a-e and 10a-e). A simple three-step chemo-enzymatic approach was employed for the synthesis of 7a-e and 9a-e in 71-80 and 67-88 % yields, respectively. The first step involved the synthesis of a series of glycidyl ethers from a series of alcohols (C4, C8, C10, C12, C 14) which were opened in the second step with octadecylamine to obtain 1-octadecylamino-3-alkyloxy-2 propanol (5a-e) and N,N-di-(2-hydroxy-3- alkyloxypropyl) octadecylamine (6a-e). In the third step, alkyloxy propanolamines (5a-e, 6a-e) were quaternized using methyl iodide to yield quaternized ammonium salts. The quaternized ammonium salts were enzymatically acetylated using Candida antarctica lipase-B based immobilized enzyme Novozym 435 to obtain their acetylated derivatives. The quaternized salts as well as their acetylated derivatives were evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal properties. The title compounds were found to possess moderate to good antibacterial activities against all the studied bacterial strains namely, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella aerogenes compared to streptomycin and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The title compounds exhibited relatively good antifungal activities against Candida albicans and no significant activities against other fungal strains namely, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhizopus oryzae and Aspergillus niger when compared to amphotericin B and CTAB.
- Reddy,Rao,Karuna,Kumar,Murthy,Prasad
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p. 437 - 448
(2013/07/27)
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- Oxidative functional group transformations with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by a divanadium-substituted phosphotungstate
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A divanadium-substituted phosphotungstate TBA4[γ-PW 10O38V2(μ-OH)(μ-O)] (I, TBA = tetra-n-butylammonium) reacts with one equivalent H+ to form a bis-μ-hydroxo species [γ-PW10O38V 2(μ-OH)2]3- (I′) in organic media. The strong electrophilic oxidants such as [γ-PW10O 38V2(μ-OH)(μ-OOH)]3- (II) and [γ-PW10O38V2(μ-η2: η2-O2)]3- (III) are formed by the reaction of the bis-μ-hydroxo species with H2O2. In the presence of I and H+, H2O2-based oxidations such as (i) epoxidation of alkenes (17 examples including electron-deficient ones), (ii) hydroxylation of alkanes (11 examples), and (iii) oxidative bromination of alkenes, alkynes, and aromatics with Br- as a bromo source (12 examples including chlorination) chemo-, diastereo-, and regioselectively proceed to give the corresponding oxidized products in moderate to high yields with high efficiencies of H2O2 utilization.
- Mizuno, Noritaka,Kamata, Keigo,Yamaguchi, Kazuya
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scheme or table
p. 157 - 161
(2012/06/18)
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- Efficient epoxidation of electron-deficient alkenes with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by [γ-PW10O38V2(μ-OH) 2]3-
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A divanadium-substituted phosphotungstate, [γ-PW10O 38V2(μ-OH)2]3- (I), showed the highest catalytic activity for the H2O2-based epoxidation of allyl acetate among vanadium and tungsten complexes with a turnover number of 210. In the presence of I, various kinds of electron-deficient alkenes with acetate, ether, carbonyl, and chloro groups at the allylic positions could chemoselectively be oxidized to the corresponding epoxides in high yields with only an equimolar amount of H2O2 with respect to the substrates. Even acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile could be epoxidized without formation of the corresponding amides. In addition, I could rapidly (min) catalyze epoxidation of various kinds of terminal, internal, and cyclic alkenes with H;bsubesubbsubesub& under the stoichiometric conditions. The mechanistic, spectroscopic, and kinetic studies showed that the I-catalyzed epoxidation consists of the following three steps: 1) The reaction of I with H;bsubesubbsubesub& leads to reversible formation of a hydroperoxo species [I;circbsubesubbsubesubbsubesubcirccircbsupesup& (II), 2) the successive dehydration of II forms an active oxygen species with a peroxo group [ 2:2-O2)]3- (III), and 3) III reacts with alkene to form the corresponding epoxide. The kinetic studies showed that the present epoxidation proceeds via III. Catalytic activities of divanadium-substituted polyoxotungstates for epoxidation with H 2O2 were dependent on the different kinds of the heteroatoms (i.e., Si or P) in the catalyst and I was more active than [γ-SiW10O38V2(μ-OH)2] 4-. On the basis of the kinetic, spectroscopic, and computational results, including those of [γ-SiW10O38V 2(μ-OH)2]4-, the acidity of the hydroperoxo species in II would play an important role in the dehydration reactivity (i.e., k3). The largest k3 value of I leads to a significant increase in the catalytic activity of I under the more concentrated conditions. Copyright
- Kamata, Keigo,Sugahara, Kosei,Yonehara, Kazuhiro,Ishimoto, Ryo,Mizuno, Noritaka
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scheme or table
p. 7549 - 7559
(2011/08/03)
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- MANUFACTURE OF EPOXYETHYL ETHERS OR GLYCIDYL ETHERS
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Processes are provided for the formation of an epoxyethyl ether or a glycidyl ether, hi one embodiment, a process is provided for the manufacture of an epoxyethyl ether or glycidyl ether including reacting a vinyl ether or an allyl ether with an oxidant in the presence of a water-soluble manganese complex in an aqueous reaction medium, wherein the water-soluble manganese complex comprises an oxidation catalyst, characterized in that the water-soluble manganese complex is a mononuclear complex of the general formula (I): [LMnX3]Y (I), or a binuclear complex of the general formula (II): [LMn(μ-X)3MnL](Y)n (II), wherein Mn is a manganese; L or each L independently is a polydentate ligand, each X independently is a coordinating species and each μ-X independently is a bridging coordinating species, Y is a non-coordinating counter ion, and wherein the epoxidation is carried out at a pH in the range of from 1.0 to 6.0. The invention also relates to epoxyethyl ethers.
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Page/Page column 14
(2011/09/14)
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- OXAZOLOBENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES
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The present invention is directed to oxazolobenzimidazole derivatives which are potentiators of metabotropic glutamate receptors, particularly the mGluR2 receptor, and which are useful in the treatment or prevention of neurological and psychiatric disorders associated with glutamate dysfunction and diseases in which metabotropic glutamate receptors are involved. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and the use of these compounds and compositions in the prevention or treatment of such diseases in which metabotropic glutamate receptors are involved.
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Page/Page column 26
(2010/04/27)
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- Influence of substructures on the spreading ability and hydrolysis resistance of double-tail trisiloxane surfactants
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Four types of novel double-tail trisiloxane surfactants of the general formula Me3SiOSiMeR1 OSiMe3 (R1 = -(CH2)3NR2 CH2CH(OH)CH 2(OCH2CH2)xOCH3; R 2 = -CH2CH(OH)CH2OCH2 (CH 2)yCH3, -CH2 (CH2) 3CH3, -CH2CH2CH(CH3) 2; x = 8.4, 12.9, 17.5, 22; y = 2, 6), have been synthesized. Their structures were characterized by proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance. Most of them are able to reduce the surface tension of water to less than 24 mN/m at concentration levels of 10-5 mol/L and 10-4 mol/L. The emphasis was on the influence of substructures on their spreading ability and hydrolysis resistance. The results showed that a weaker hydrophilicity of a surfactant molecule, a larger molar ratio of methyl to methylene in the whole hydrophobic groups, more flexible hydrophobic groups and introduction of a methyl group in the spacer can all improve the spreading ability of the double-tail trisiloxane surfactant solutions on low-energy solid surfaces. The double-tail trisiloxane surfactants 1F and 2F are stable for more than 270 days in a neutral environment (pH 7.0). The hydrolysis resistance of the double-tail trisiloxane surfactants can be improved by a weaker hydrophilicity of the surfactant molecule, and a larger volume of the hydrophobic groups. Copyright
- Peng, Zhongli,Lu, Caifeng,Xu, Minling
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scheme or table
p. 75 - 81
(2012/01/05)
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- ISOSELECTIVE POLYMERIZATION OF EPOXIDES
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The present invention provides novel bimetallic complexes and methods of using the same in the isoselective polymerization of epoxides. The invention also provides methods of kinetic resolution of epoxides. The invention further provides polyethers with high enantiomeric excess that are useful in applications ranging from consumer goods to materials.
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Page/Page column 69; 72-73
(2009/04/25)
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- A new dinuclear chiral salen complexes for asymmetric ring opening and closing reactions: Synthesis of valuable chiral intermediates
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A new dinuclear chiral Co(salen) complexes bearing group 13 metals have been synthesized and characterized. The easily prepared complexes exhibited very high catalytic reactivity and enantioselectivity for the asymmetric ring opening of epoxides with H2O, chloride ions and carboxylic acids and consequently provide enantiomerically enriched terminal epoxides (>99% ee). It also catalyzes the asymmetric cyclization of ring opened product, to prepare optically pure terminal epoxides in one step. The homogeneous dinuclear chiral Co(salen) have been covalently immobilized on MCM-41. The potential benefits of heterogenization include facilitation of catalyst separation and recyclability requiring very simple techniques. The system described is very efficient.
- Thakur, Santosh Singh,Chen, Shu-Wei,Li, Wenji,Shin, Chang-Kyo,Kim, Seong-Jin,Koo, Yoon-Mo,Kim, Geon-Joong
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p. 1862 - 1872
(2007/10/03)
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- A Simple and Convenient Method for Epoxidation of Olefins without Metal Catalysts
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An easy method for epoxidation of olefins using bleach (sodium hypochlorite) and either a stoichiometric or catalytic amount of bromide ion has been developed. Without any transition metal catalyst a variety of non-activated olefins give epoxides in high yields and good selectivity at ambient conditions.
- Klawonn, Markus,Bhor, Santosh,Mehltretter, Gerald,Doebler, Christian,Fischer, Christine,Beller, Matthias
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p. 389 - 392
(2007/10/03)
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- Selective cleavage of the linear ether bond in benzyl glycidyl ether and triphenylmethyl glycidyl ether by potassium alkalide as two-electron-transfer reagent
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The linear ether bond was exclusively cleaved in benzyl glycidyl ether and triphenylmethyl glycidyl ether under the influence of K-, K+(15-crown-5)2 (1), whereas the strongly strained three-membered oxacyclic ring remained undisturbed. Potassium glycidoxide and benzylpotassium were found as the primary reaction products of benzyl glycidyl ether with 1. Subsequently, benzylpotassium reacted with benzyl glycidyl ether giving the next potassium glycidoxide molecule and bibenzyl. Benzyl phenyl ether was used as a model compound to explain the mechanism of bibenzyl formation. The reaction of triphenylmethyl glycidyl ether with 1 resulted in potassium glycidoxide and stable triphenylmethylpotassium. After treating with a quenching agent a new glycidyl ether or glycidyl ester was obtained from potassium glycidoxide. These results were found when the reaction occurred at the excess of glycidyl ether. In another case, i.e. at the excess of 1 further reactions took place with the participation of potassium anions and various new compounds were observed in the reaction mixture after benzylation or methylation. Thus, the method of substrates delivery influences the course of studied processes in a decisive way.
- Grobelny, Zbigniew,Stolarzewicz, Andrzej,Morejko-Buz, Barbara,Maercker, Adalbert
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- Synthesis and study of the lubricating properties of some thiiranes
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A series of novel thiiranes were synthesized, and their lubricating properties were studied. It has been found that they improve the antiscuff and antiwear properties of gear oils and therefore can be used as additives. The relation between the structure of the synthesized thiiranes and their lubricating activity was revealed.
- Allakhverdiev,Akperov,Mustafaev,Farzaliev
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p. 214 - 218
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of l,2-Epithio-3-butoxypropane
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A new method was developed for preparing l,2-epithio-3-butoxypropane from epichlorohydrin, n-butanol, and thiourea.
- Aiiakhverdiev,Farzaliev,Mustafaev
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p. 1660 - 1660
(2007/10/03)
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- Process for the preparation of addition products of epoxides and alcohols
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The present invention relates to the preparation of di-secondary alcohols comprising the reaction of an alcohol and a diglycidyl ether of a dihydric phenol in the presence of a catalyst of the formula (IV): wherein M is a metal from Groups IB to VIIIB or a metal or metalloid from Groups IIA to VA of the Periodic Chart of Elements or an ammonium ion or H+ or a hydronium ion and X is an anion selected from the group consisting of BF4-, PF6-, AsF6-, SbF6-, AlF4-, TiF62-, SiF62- and ZrF62- to produce the di-secondary alcohol, which can then be subjected to glycidylation to produce a glycidyl ether; or the reaction of an alcohol or diol and epichlorohydrin in the presence of the foregoing catalyst, followed by ring closure employing an alkali to produce a mono- or polyglycidyl ether. The monoglycidyl ether can be further reacted with a dihydric phenol to produce a di-secondary alcohol which is then glycidylized to produce a glycidyl ether.
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- Process for the preparation of addition products of epoxides and alcohols
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The present invention relates to the preparation of di-secondary alcohols comprising the reaction of an alcohol and a diglycidyl ether of a dihydric phenol in the presence of a catalyst of the formula (IV): wherein M is a metal from Groups IB to VIIIB or a metal or metalloid from Groups IIA to VA of the Periodic Chart of Elements or an ammonium ion and X is an anion selected from the group consisting of BF4-, PF6-, AsF6-, SbF6-, AlF4-, TiF62-, SiF62-, and ZrF62- to produce the di-secondary alcohol, which can then be subjected to glycidylation to produce a glycidyl ether, or the reaction of an alcohol, glycol or polyol and epichlorohydrin in the presence of the foregoing catalyst, followed by ring closure employing an alkali to produce a mono- or polyglycidyl ether. The monoglycidyl ether can be further reacted with a dihydric phenol to produce a di-secondary alcohol which is then glycidylized to produce a glycidyl ether.
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- Liquid-Liquid-Extraction of Metal Ions with Lariat Ethers
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Lariat ethers of various ring size and substitution are synthesized and characterized by physical data and chemical analysis.The extraction behaviour of the crown compounds towards Na+, K+, Cs+ and Ag+ in a picric acid solution has been investigated.The extraction constants for 1:1 and 1:2 complexes are determined using the equilibrium distribution data.The results show that the flexible side chain in the investigated compounds has in no case a positive effect on the metal picrate extraction.
- Gloe, K.,Muehl, P.,Beger, J.,Poeschmann, C.,Petrich, M.,Beyer, L.
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p. 413 - 421
(2007/10/02)
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- Asymmetric epoxidation of allyl alcohol derivatives by ω-hydroxylase from Pseudomonas oleovorans
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This paper described the application of non-heme monooxygenase system from Pseudomonas oleovorans to the syntheses of chiral 3-(benzyloxy)-, 3-(allyloxy)-, 3-(butyloxy)- and 3-(aryloxy)-1,2-epoxypropanes (6) from their corresponding allyl alcohol derivatives.The epoxides were determined to be R forms with good enantiomeric excess.The specificities of the enzymatic epoxidation of olefines and hydroxylation of the radical probe trans-2-phenyl-1-methylcyclopropane were discussed with regard to the reaction mechanism.
- Fu, Hong,Shen, Gwo-Jenn,Wong, Chi-Huey
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p. 167 - 170
(2007/10/02)
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- Synthesis and Insecticidal Activity of Oxazaphospholidines, Oxathiaphospholanes, and Thiazaphospholidines
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Fifty-five new five-membered cyclic organophosphorus compounds including oazaphospholidines, thiazaphospholidines, and oxathiaphospholanes were synthesized, which have substituents at 4- or/and 5-positions besides at the 2-position.The thiazaphospholidines showed the highest insecticidal activity followed by oxathiaphospholanes and oxazaphospholidines.The position preference of substituents in insecticidal activity was most obvious in the oxazaphospholidines.It was preferable for insecticidal activity to have the substituent near the more basic atom: the 4-position for thiazaphospholidine and oxazaphospholidine, the 5-position for oxathiaphospholane, with the exception of 4- or 5-phenyl oxazaphospholidine.
- Wu, Shao-Yong,Hirashima, Akinori,Takeya, Ryuko,Eto, Morifusa
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p. 2911 - 2918
(2007/10/02)
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- Phase Transfer-Catalyzed Preparation of Oxiranes
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Oxiranes 3 are prepared in 70-85percent yields by treating 1,2-diols 1 with one molar equivalent of p-toluenesulfonyl (2) or methanesulfonyl chloride (2') under phase transfer conditions.
- Szeja, W.
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p. 983 - 985
(2007/10/02)
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