- Reductive carboxylation of alkyl halides with CO2by use of photoinduced SmI2/Sm reduction system
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Upon visible-light irradiation, reductive carboxylation of alkyl halides takes place by using a Sml2/Sm mixed system under atmospheric CO 2 to afford the corresponding carboxylic acids in good to excellent yields.
- Nomoto, Akihiro,Kojo, Yusuke,Shiino, Go,Tomisaka, Yuri,Mitani, Ikuko,Tatsumi, Masahiko,Ogawa, Akiya
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scheme or table
p. 6580 - 6583
(2011/02/24)
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- Hair growth composition containing citric acid esters
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Triesters of citric acid are used for inducing, maintaining or increasing hair growth. Compositions for topical application to mammalian hair or scalp comprise an effective amount of from 1% to 99% by weight of an ester of citric acid having the structure (1): where, R1, R2 and R3 each independently represent a branched or unbranched alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl group, each said group having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, R4 represents -H, or a branched or unbranched saturated or unsaturated acyl, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or aylalkyl group having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, in the presence of a cosmetically acceptable vehicle for the citric acid ester and in the absence of solid absorbent for the ester;, said effective amount of said ester being sufficient to increase hair growth in the rat, when said composition is applied topically thereto over a period of no more than three months, by at least 10% more than that obtainable using a control composition from which the said ester has been omitted, in accordance with the Rat Hair Growth Test.
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